杨木/狼尾草复合中密度纤维板工艺研究

研究了速生杨木/狼尾草复合中密度纤维板的工艺.试验结果表明:利用速生杨木和狼尾草制造脲醛树脂中密度纤维板是可行的,产品性能可以超过国家中密度纤维板标准的要求.该产品生产的较佳工艺为板材密度0.85 g/cm3,热压温度170℃,热压时间20 s/mm(板厚).     

施氮水平对杂交狼尾草产量、品质和氮素吸收利用的影响

在大田种植情况下.研究4种施氮水平对杂交狼尾草产量、粗蛋白含量和氮素生产效率的影响,以及牧草产量、粗蛋白含量与施氮量和各种农艺性状的相关性.结果表明,施氮肥能显著提高杂交狼尾草的分蘖数、株高、产量和粗蛋白含量,N2、N4处理间分蘖数差异不显著,N3、N4处理间株高、干草产量和粗蛋白含量差异不显著.杂交狼尾草鲜草产量、干草产量、粗蛋白含量、分蘖数、株高和施氮量相互间都呈正相关,其中鲜草产量与施氮量、分蘖数和粗蛋白含量呈显著相关,与株高和干草产量呈极显著相关;干草产量与施氮量和分蘖数呈显著相关.与株高呈极显著相关:粗蛋白含量与施氮量也呈显著相关.杂交狼尾草在一定的施氮量范围内,随着施氮量增加.牧草的干物质积累总量、粗蛋白质产量和氮素积累总量也越多,而牧草的氮素干物质生产效率、干物质生产效率、粗蛋白质生产效率、氮素农艺效率和氮素表观回收率都逐渐降低.在施纯氮量为350～1 050 kg/hm2时,杂交狼尾草的氮素表观回收率为25.73%～45.12%,氮素回收率只有16.68%～20.35%.     

巨菌草根际土壤微生物群落代谢功能多样性分析

【目的】研究福州平潭巨菌草根际土壤与非根际土壤微生物对不同碳源利用,明确巨菌草对根际土壤微生物功能多样性的影响,为巨菌草生态治理提供理论依据。【方法】在福州平潭基地采集巨菌草(Pennisetum giganteum)根际土和非根际土壤样品,采用Biolog-ECO 技术研究巨菌草根际土与非根际土壤微生物对不同碳源利用特性,揭示不同碳源利用的不同及影响差异的主要因素。【结果】与对照相比,巨菌草根际土壤微生物的代谢活性高于非根际土壤;多样性分析结果表明,与非根际土壤相比,巨菌草根际土壤样品的Simpson指数、Shannon指数、Brillouin多样性指数略高,差异不显著;主成分分析结果表明,对主成分一和主成分二贡献大的碳源种类分别为22 种和6种,糖类是巨菌草根际土壤微生物利用的主要碳源类型。【结论】与非根际土壤相比,巨菌草根际土壤微生物群落在碳源利用及代谢功能多样性高于非根际土壤。     

干旱胁迫对‘紫叶’狼尾草生长发育及生理特性的影响

以观赏草‘紫叶’狼尾草 Pennisetum setaceum ‘Rubrum’为试验材料,研究不同程度干旱胁迫对其生长发育及叶绿素含量、脯氨酸含量、丙二醛含量、根系活力的影响。结果表明：5％聚乙二醇处理与CK之间,除脯氨酸含量差异显著外,其他生长发育及生理指标差异不显著;10％、20％聚乙二醇处理,紫叶狼尾草株高、分蘖数、根长、地上部鲜重和干重、地下部鲜重和干重以及根系活力较5％聚乙二醇处理、CK明显降低,叶绿素含量显著下降,而脯氨酸、丙二醛含量显著增加,但是紫叶狼尾草的生长发育尚未出现枯萎状态。综合而言,紫叶狼尾草具有很强的抗旱性,能承受一定程度的干旱胁迫。     

水分胁迫对皇竹草形态及叶片光合特性的影响

采用盆栽方式模拟田间试验,研究了水分胁迫对皇竹草形态和叶片光合特性的影响结果表明,在短期(6d)淹水条件下皇竹草形态没有明显变化,而长期(21d)淹水导致皇竹草茎长出大量须根,叶片出现失绿;淹水条件下皇竹草叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率均低于对照,叶绿素荧光Fv/Fm,Fo,Fm 下降明显,叶绿素含量减少;干旱条件下,皇竹草叶片逐渐出现枯黄,且随着干旱程度的加深,叶绿素荧光Fv/Fm,Fo,Fm降低,叶绿素含量减少。     

桂牧1号草地内冬种一年生黑麦草的效果(一)

于深秋至晚春，在桂牧1号草地的行间种植一年生黑麦草，观察测定这种种植方式给2种草及草地带来的影响。试验设计3个处理：①在桂牧1号草地内冬种一年生黑麦草，②单种桂牧1号，③单种一年生黑麦草。把处理②的产草量与处理③的首次产量相加作为处理④，以代表桂牧1号与一年生黑麦草轮作时的产量。结果是：处理①与②中桂牧1号的越冬率无显著差异；处理①的单位面积产草量极显著高于②、④；春季，处理①的杂草极显著地少于②。这表明，在桂牧1号草地内冬种一年生黑麦草是可行可取的。     

王草和象草在云南省亚热带地区的适应性研究

对王草和象草在云南省亚热带地区的适应性研究结果表明，两者在产量和养分的季节变化动态上有一定差异，在早期生长速度，再生性，年总产量和抗寒性等方面差异较小，多次刈割利用时，两者均表现出再生性好，饲草产量高的特点，其鲜草，干物质和粗蛋白的年总产，象草平均为298t/hm^2,53.7t/hm^2和4．18t/hm^2，王草为276t/hm^2,58.2t/hm^2和4．30t/hm^2，种植利用时两者可相互替代。     

Genetics of Five Seed Esterase Isozymes in Pearl Millet

Inheritance and linkage relationships of pearl millet seed esterase isozymes were studied using; polyacrylamide dise: gel electrophoresis and α-naphthyl acetate as substrate. The Zone of enzyme activity was resolved into five bands. The presence of a band showed complete dominance over its absence. Each one of the bands (1 to 4) was under the control of a single gene. Band five was found to be controlled by three independent loci with duplicate gent action Loci for Est₁, Est₃ and Est₄ Were found to be linked. Est₂ Was independent of this linkage group.     

Estimates of stability for comparing varieties

Summary For purposes of comparison of analytical methods the yield data on pearl millet hybrids and varieties for five years from locations in India and Pakistan have been analysed using a regression analysis and a meanstandard deviation analysis. The results of the mean-standard deviation analysis and the regression analysis were similar whether carried out on all environments, or on the highest- and lowest-yielding sets of environments. This was substantiated by the remarkable correlation between the slopes from the regression analysis and the standard deviations whatever environmental set was considered. The validity of using a single year's across location data with the mean-standard deviation analysis, if choice-theoretic criteria are used, was examined. It is concluded that, although further confirmation is required, single-year data seem to suffice. The relative merits of the mean-standard deviation analysis and a regression analysis are discussed; the choice-theoretic framework of the mean-standard deviation analysis is advantageous and complementary to the regression analysis.     

Prospects of breeding biofortified pearl millet with high grain iron and zinc content

Development of crop cultivars with elevated levels of micronutrients is being increasingly recognized as one of the approaches to provide sustainable solutions to various health problems associated with micronutrient malnutrition, especially in developing countries. To assess the prospects of this approach in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), a diverse range of genetic materials, consisting of 40 hybrid parents, 30 each of population progenies and improved populations, and 20 germplasm accessions, was analysed for grain iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) content, deficiencies of which adversely affect human health. Based on the mean performance in two seasons at ICRISAT, Patancheru, India, large variability among the entries was found, both for Fe (30.1–75.7 mg/kg on dry weight basis) and Zn (24.5–64.8 mg/kg). The highest levels of grain Fe and Zn were observed in well‐adapted commercial varieties and their progenies, and in the parental lines of hybrids, which were either entirely based on iniari germplasm, or had large components of it in their parentage. There were indications of large within‐population genetic variability for both Fe and Zn. The correlation between Fe and Zn content was positive and highly significant (r = 0.84; P < 0.01). These results indicate that there are good prospects of simultaneous selection for both micronutrients, and that selection within populations, especially those with the predominantly iniari germplasm, is likely to provide good opportunities for developing pearl millet varieties and hybrid parents with significantly improved grain Fe and Zn content in pearl millet.