应用动物模型REML法估计金华猪繁殖性状遗传参数

试验资料取自金华猪场 1 979～1 999年金华猪繁殖性能的生产记录。采用动物模型约束性最大似然法 (REML)对该猪群的遗传参数进行估计 ,测定 1 1 4 4头纯繁金华母猪的产仔哺育记录。结果表明 ,产仔数 (TNB)、产活仔数 (NBA)、初生重 (PBW)、初生窝重 (LBW)、 2 0日龄头数(NFC)、 2 0日龄窝重 (LWFC)、 2 0日龄重 (PWFC)、 60日龄头数 (NW)、 60日龄窝重 (LWW)、 60日龄重 (PWW)、乳头数 (TN)的遗传力分别为0 1 2± 0 0 9、 0 1 8± 0 1 1、 0 1 5± 0 0 9、 0 0 2± 0 0 9、 0 1 0± 0 1 1、 0 0 8± 0 1 3、 0 1 8± 0 1 0、 0 2 3± 0 1 1、 0 31± 0 1 3、 0 35± 0 1 1和 0 1 9± 0 1 0。TNB与NBA、LBW、NW、LWW的遗传相关范围为 0 66～ 0 88,TNB与PBW的遗传相关为 - 0 43。NBA与LBW、NW、LWW的遗传相关范围为 0 60～ 0 64,NBA与PBW遗传相关为 - 0 63。PBW与PWW的遗传相关为 0 51。     

家兔临床型乳腺炎病理模型的血液学检验

本试验选取16只3~4 kg健康泌乳家兔,通过人工造模的方法诱发其乳腺发炎,建立临床型乳腺炎模型。然后分别在造模前1 h和造模后4、12、24、36、487、2 h采集血液0.5 mL、血清1 mL,进行血常规、血生化检测和炎性细胞因子测定(ELISA)。结果显示:①外周血白细胞总数在造模后4 h显著高于造模前水平(P0.05),12~72 h内极显著高于造模前水平(P0.01);红细胞总数、红细胞压积、血红蛋白含量在造模前至造模后72 h内无显著差异(P0.05)。②血清磷离子含量、血清总胆红素含量、血清直接胆红素含量在造模前至造模后72 h内无显著差异(P0.05);血清钙离子含量在造模后4 h显著低于造模前水平(P0.05),12~72 h内极显著低于造模前水平(P0.01)。③血清TNF-α和IL-6含量造模后开始升高,12~72 h内极显著高于造模前水平(P0.01)。结果证明白细胞总数、血清钙离子含量、血清TNF-α和IL-6含量的变化可作为急性乳房炎炎症发展情况的指标。     

Current experimental models,assessment and dietary modulations of intestinal permeability in broiler chickens

Maintaining and optimising the intestinal barrier (IB) function in poultry has important implications for the health and performance of the birds. As a key aspect of the IB, intestinal permeability (IP) is mainly controlled by complex junctional proteins called tight junction proteins (TJ) that link enterocytes together. The disruption of TJ is associated with increased gut leakage with possible subsequent implications for bacterial translocation, intestinal inflammation, compromised health and performance of the birds. Despite considerable data being available for other species, research on IP in broiler chickens and in general avian species is still an understudied topic. This paper reviews the available literature with a specific focus on IP in broiler chickens with consideration given to practical factors affecting the IP, current assessment methods, markers and nutritional modulation of IP. Several experimental models to induce gut leakage are discussed including pathogens, rye-based diets, feed deprivation and stress-inducing agents such as exogenous glucocorticoids and heat stress. Although various markers including fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran, expression of TJ and bacterial translocation have been widely utilized to study IP, recent studies have identified a number of excreta biomarkers to evaluate intestinal integrity, in particular non-invasive IP. Although the research on various nutrients and feed additives to potentially modulate IP is still at an early stage, the most promising outcomes are anticipated for probiotics, prebiotics, amino acids and those feed ingredients, nutrients and additives with anti-inflammatory properties. Considerable research gaps are identified for the mechanistic mode of action of various nutrients to influence IP under different experimental models. The modulation of IP through various strategies (i.e. nutritional manipulation of diet) may be regarded as a new frontier for disease prevention and improving the health and performance of poultry particularly in an antibiotic-free production system.     

合作社模式下农企利益联结机制研究——基于印度古吉拉特邦合作社牛奶销售联盟有限公司的案例分析

我国奶牛养殖加工利益联结不紧,从根本上制约着奶业健康发展。为充分借鉴国际大型奶业企业构建利益联结机制的经验,该研究基于世界奶业20强企业之一——古吉拉特邦合作社牛奶销售联盟有限公司（Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd.,GCMMF）及其下属合作社官方网站资料信息,分析其在产品研发、产品营销、品牌策略等方面的利益创造机制及利用Amul合作模式构建利益分配机制方面的成果,提出我国应借鉴其发展经验,立足国内市场稳定奶业发展,强化中小奶农在行业的地位,发展干乳制品产业以完善产业链条。     

Treatment of contaminated radial fracture in Sprague-Dawley rats by application of a degradable polymer releasing gentamicin

Fracture-related infections remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. We aimed to establish a simple contaminated radial osteotomy model to assess the efficacy of a biodegradable polymer poly(sebacic-co-ricinoleic acid) [p(SA-RA)] containing 20% w/w gentamicin. A unilateral transverse osteotomy was induced in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, followed by application of Staphylococcus aureus suspension over the fracture. After successfully establishing the contaminated open fracture model, we treated the rats either systemically (intraperitoneal cefuroxime), locally with p(SA-RA) containing gentamicin, or both. Control groups included non-contaminated group and contaminated groups that were either untreated or treated with the polymer alone. After 4 weeks, the bones were subjected to micro-CT scanning and microbiological and histopathology evaluations. Micro-CT analysis revealed similar changes in the group subjected to both local and systemic treatment as in the non-contaminated control group. Lack of detectable bacterial growth was noted in most animals of the group subjected to both local and systemic treatment, and all samples were negative for S. aureus. Histopathological evaluation revealed that all treatment modalities containing antibiotics were highly effective in reducing infection and promoting callus repair, resulting in early bone healing. While p(SA-RA) containing gentamicin treatment showed better results than cefuroxime, the combination of local and systemic treatment displayed the highest therapeutic potential in this model.     

内蒙古草地生态系统近10年NPP时空变化及其与气候的关系

植被净初级生产力(net primary productivity, NPP)及其对气候变化的响应研究是全球变化的核心内容之一。通过改进的光能利用率模型(CASA模型),利用MODIS NDVI数据、土地覆盖分类数据、气象数据等,逐像元模拟2001-2010 年内蒙古草地生态系统NPP的时空变化,分析其对气候因子变化的响应关系。结果表明,1)2001-2010年内蒙古草地多年平均NPP为281.3 g C/(m²·a),空间分布呈由西南向东北递增的趋势,草甸草原、典型草原和荒漠草原平均NPP分别为431.8,288.7和123.5 g C/(m²·a);2) 2001-2010年间内蒙古草地NPP总体上呈上升趋势。NPP上升趋势最明显的草地主要分布在毛乌素沙地、浑善达克沙地、科尔沁沙地、呼伦贝尔盟和大兴安岭南麓地区,而下降趋势最明显的草地主要分布在阴山山脉和锡林郭勒盟中部的典型草原区;3) 总体而言,降水量是内蒙古草地净初级生产力的主要影响因素。草甸草原NPP与降水量、温度的关系均很密切,而且与温度的相关性更强;典型草原和荒漠草原NPP则主要受降水量控制,其中荒漠草原NPP与降水量的关系更密切。     

呼伦贝尔草甸草原地上净初级生产力对气候变化响应的模拟

利用内蒙古呼伦贝尔草原额尔古纳右旗牧业气象试验站1994-2009年牧草生长季逐月实测资料,对CENTURY模型进行检验,模拟了呼伦贝尔草甸草原1961-2010年间地上净初级生产力(ANPP)动态,并与26个气象因子进行相关性分析。模型检验结果显示,生长季内逐月地上生物量模拟值与观测值之间的相关系数为R²=0.53,斜率b=0.94,误差平方根值为72.07 g/m²,平均绝对百分比误差为38.02%。检验结果表明,CENTURY模型能够成功地模拟这类草原的季节动态和年际变化。在过去的50年中,呼伦贝尔草甸草原温度增加,降水略增,ANPP增加。相关分析表明,ANPP与生长季降水量(r=0.372)呈极显著正相关;与年平均最低气温、年平均地面气温、年平均气温、7月降水量呈显著正相关;与年平均风速(r=-0.382)呈极显著负相关;与其他气象因子无显著的相关关系。应用区域气候模式系统PRECIS输出的2021-2050年气候情景数据分析得出,在SRES B2、A2和A1B情景下,未来呼伦贝尔草甸草原平均最高气温和最低气温都将呈显著升高趋势,降水量略增,ANPP虽然在年际间存在波动,但总体呈明显增加态势,分别较基准时段增加了67.14%,69.65%和76.58%,增加速率分别为16.51,17.34和16.42 g/(m²·10 a)。在3种情景下,未来气候变化均会对呼伦贝尔草甸草原群落生产力产生显著的正面影响。     

Effect of dasatinib in a xenograft mouse model of canine histiocytic sarcoma and in vitro expression status of its potential target EPHA2

Canine histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is an aggressive and highly metastatic tumor. Previously, the kinase inhibitor dasatinib was shown to have potent growth inhibitory activity against HS cells in vitro, possibly via targeting the EPHA2 receptor. Here, the in vivo effect of dasatinib in HS cells was investigated using a xenograft mouse model. Moreover, the expression status of EPHA2 was examined in six HS cell lines, ranging from insensitive to highly sensitive to dasatinib. In the HS xenograft mouse model, dasatinib significantly suppressed tumor growth, as illustrated by a decrease in mitotic and Ki67 indices and an increase in apoptotic index in tumor tissues. On Western blot analysis, EPHA2 was only weakly detected in all HS cell lines, regardless of sensitivity to dasatinib. Dasatinib likely results in the inhibition of xenograft tumor growth via a mechanism other than targeting EPHA2. The findings of this study suggest that dasatinib is a targeted therapy drug worthy of further exploration for the treatment of canine HS.     

西部少数民族贫困山区扶贫模式研究——以四川省昭觉县为例

西部民族贫困山区是我国扶贫攻坚的重点和难点地区,其扶贫工作的好坏直接关系：我国民族团结、全面建设小康社会目标的实现。在分析西部民族贫困山区县——四川省昭觉县农村贫困与扶贫工作现状的基础上,总结了适合民族贫困山区县的扶贫模式——“三集中”扶贫模式,提出通过发展县域循环经济和建立健全生态环境补偿机制来推广发展“三集中”扶贫模式的对策建议。