美伐他汀产生菌桔青霉表观遗传调控基因RpdA的克隆及生物信息学解析

为从表现遗传调控的角度对美伐他汀产生菌桔青霉进行分子操作和遗传育种,克隆桔青霉表观遗传调控基因组蛋白去乙酰化酶基因RpdA,对多种真菌的组蛋白去乙酰化酶编码基因序列比较分析,设计简并引物,以桔青霉cDNA和DNA为模板,结合3'-race技术,克隆获取RpdA基因的全长序列,并对其蛋白结构进行生物信息学分析.研究发现:RpdA基因长2 072 bp(GenBank登录号:KC417298),含4个外显子和3个内合子,cDNA开放阅读框长为1 092 bp(GenBank登录号:KC417296),编码639个氨基酸,蛋白结构显示了较为保守的组蛋白去乙酰化酶ClassI家族结构特征.     

几种新型甲氧基酰腙化合物的合成与抗真菌活性研究

寻找有效药物防治农作物病虫害一直是相关科研工作的重点,笔者合成了4种新型酰腙化合物和结构表征,并且评价了其对6株真菌的抗菌活性研究,实验结果表明：目标化合物至少对2株真菌具有抑菌活性,化合物4a 、4b、4c、4d 对被测菌株有抑菌活性的种类分别为3、5、4、2,实验结果表明,化合物4a具有广谱抗真菌活性。     

中国薯蓣干腐病的病原鉴定

在薯蓣发病块茎组织中分离到真菌菌株HSQM2005,经柯赫氏法则验证该菌为薯蓣致病菌。对菌株HSQM2005核糖体DNA内转录间隔区(internal transcribed spacer,ITS)进行序列分析,并结合其形态特征、培养性状将该菌鉴定为Penicillium sclerotigenum Yamamoto。该菌生长温度范围10～31℃,最适温度22～28℃;在pH 2～12均能生长,最适pH为5～8。     

分解蔗渣的研究Ⅱ.特异青霉YB-7纤维素酶的性质研究

对特异青霉（Ｐ．ｎｏｔａｔｕｍ）ＹＢ－７纤维素酶的一般酶学性质进行了研究。其最适酶作用条件为：ｐＨ５．０，５０℃，且在小于７０℃和ｐＨ４．０～９．０的范围内具有稳定性，ＣＭＣ、ＦＰＡ和β－葡萄糖苷酶活力变化范围有一定差别。甘油、葡萄糖和纤维二糖的最低抑制浓度（ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）分别为３．２５、２．４５和１．７１，其抑制系数分别为１．０１，２．３１和２．８０。８０％饱和度的硫酸铵可较完全地沉淀纤维素酶的有效成份。     

披针叶黄华内生真菌的分离与鉴定

旨在探讨有毒植物披针叶黄华内生真菌种类与种群分布情况,本试验以采自青海的披针叶黄华为试验材料,用表面消毒法对样品消毒后进行内生真菌分离,结合形态学鉴定和5.8S rDNA-ITS序列分析对分离菌株进行种属鉴定,并应用MEGA7.0软件进行系统发育分析。结果显示,从披针叶黄华中共分离获得29种内生真菌,分属于7纲、9目、11科、12属。披针叶黄华内生真菌总相对分离频率为79.31%,其中,叶的内生真菌种类最多（41.38%）,茎次之（37.93%）,种子（13.79%）和根（6.90%）相对较少;根据系统发育分析,所有内生真菌分属于两大种群,种群间亲缘关系较近。综上表明,披针叶黄华内生真菌种类丰富,青霉属是优势菌属。     

Phosphate solubilization by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Penicillium</Emphasis> spp. closely associated with wheat roots

In this study we found that Penicillium spp. exhibiting P-solubilizing activity are common both on and in the roots of wheat plants grown in southern Australian agricultural soils. From 2,500 segments of washed and surface-disinfested root pieces, 608 and 223 fungi were isolated on a selective medium, respectively. All isolates were screened for P solubilization on solid medium containing hydroxyapatite (HA); 47 isolates (5.7%) solubilized HA and were identified as isolates of Penicillium or its teleomorphs. These isolates were evaluated for solubilization of Idaho rock phosphate (RP) in liquid culture. Penicillium bilaiae strain RS7B-SD1 was the most effective, mobilizing 101.7 mg P l^–1 after 7 days. Other effective isolates included Penicillium simplicissimum (58.8 mg P l^–1), five strains of Penicillium griseofulvum (56.1–47.6 mg P l^–1), Talaromyces flavus (48.6 mg P l^–1) and two unidentified Penicillium spp. (50.7 and 50 mg P l^–1). A newly isolated strain of Penicillium radicum (KC1-SD1) mobilized 43.3 mg P l^–1. RP solubilization, biomass production and solution pH for P. bilaiae RS7B-SD1, P. radicum FRR4718 or Penicillium sp. 1 KC6-W2 was determined over time. P. bilaiae RS7B-SD1 solubilized the greatest amount of RP (112.7 mg P l^–1) and had the highest RP-solubilizing activity per unit of biomass produced (up to 603.2 g P l^–1 mg biomass^–1 at 7 days growth). This study has identified new isolates of Penicillium fungi with high mineral phosphate solubilizing activity. These fungi are being investigated for the ability to increase crop production on strong P-retaining soils in Australia.     

土壤真菌防治大豆孢囊线虫的效果测定

在室内水洋菜平板上测定从山东胶县大豆孢囊线虫卵中分离到的草酸青霉菌Peni—cillium oxalicum Currie ＆ Thom、枝顶孢霉菌Acremonium persicinum(Nic—ot)W.Gams、地霉菌Geotrichum sp.、茄病镰刀菌Fusarium solani(Mart.)Sacc和尖孢镰刀菌F、oxysporum Schlecht在大豆孢囊线虫卵上的寄生率,分别为43％、28％、21％、29％和37％。盆钵实验结果表明,5％的草酸青霉菌和茄病镰刀菌菌剂防治大豆孢囊线虫的效果分别为72％和70％,前者1％的菌剂用量即有明显防效。这2种真菌是大豆的非病原菌。     

香茅,花椒精油成分分析及对储粮曲霉和青霉熏杀效果的初步研究

分析结果表明,花椒精油含21种成分,主要成分为2,5—1,1—二甲基乙基噻吩。香茅精油含31种成分。精油及部分单体对7种储粮曲霉与青霉抑菌效果明显。其顺序为:香茅醇>香茅油≥香茅醛≥花椒精油≥α—蒎烯≥β—蒎烯。随浓度升高杀菌效果增强。0.5μl/cm~2剂量的精油或被测单休均可抑制霉菌孢子萌发和菌丝生长。     

Dual inoculation of Pisum sativum with Rhizobium leguminosarum and Penicillium bilaji

Summary To investigate the effect of single versus dual inoculation of peas (Pisum sativum L.) with Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viceae and Penicillium bilaji (a soil fungi capable of solubilizing soil P) on N₂ fixation an experiment was carried out under controlled conditions. A sandy loam soil was selected which contained low levels of available N and P. P fertilizer [Ca(H₂PO₄)₂] and P. bilaji significantly increased dry matter production. Peas inoculated with R. leguminosarum showed only a small increase in dry matter, but the additional application of P significantly increased the yield. The total N accumulation was highly dependent on the presence of R. leguminosarum. Using the ¹⁵N method for estimating N₂ fixation, the highest level of N₂-fixing activity was observed in peas inoculated with R. leguminosarum and fertilized with inorganic P. Dual inoculation of peas with P. bilaji and R. leguminosarum significantly decreased the amount of N₂ fixed. Total P uptake was solely dependent on the P fertilizer.     

Granulomatous lymphadenitis caused by Talaromyces helicus in a Labrador Retriever

A 3-year-old spayed female Labrador Retriever was presented for right prescapular lymphadenomegaly. Examination of fine-needle aspirates and impression smears of the node revealed many short hyphal structures found within macrophages and extracellularly. Hyphae were approximately 3 μm in diameter, were irregularly septate with nonparallel walls, and had a small clear halo surrounding a partially stained basophilic internal structure. Hyphae were tapered on one end and had oval to pyriform swellings of 7-10 μm on the other, resulting in a bulbous appearance. Fungal elements stained positively with Gomori methenamine silver and Periodic acid-Schiff stains. The dog was euthanized at the owner's request, and necropsy revealed marked peripheral and visceral lymphadenomegaly. Histopathologic examination of lymph nodes confirmed granulomatous lymphadenitis with many fungal hyphae. Fungal culture yielded pure cultures of organisms that failed to produce ascospores or conidia precluding morphologic identification. PCR was performed using pan-fungal primers, ITS-1 and ITS-2, to amplify the intergenic spacer regions of ribosomal RNA; the PCR product was sequenced and a BLAST search of the GenBank databases at NCBI revealed 100% identity of the organism with Talaromyces helicus, the sexual form of Penicillium helicum. Talaromyces helicus has not previously been reported to cause disease in people or animals.