微生物挥发性有机化合物对指状青霉产孢的抑制及其机制

为有效防控柑橘绿霉病,分别测定丙酸乙酯、异丁酸乙酯、2-甲基丁酸甲酯、异丁酸和2-甲基-1-丁醇5种微生物挥发性有机化合物(volatile organic compound,VOC)单剂及其混剂(5种VOC体积比为1:1:1:1:1)对指状青霉Penicillium digitatum菌落生长和产孢的抑制作用、对指状青霉产孢关键调控基因表达量的影响和对分生孢子梗形态的影响及对柑橘绿霉病的室内防控效果。结果显示,丙酸乙酯、2-甲基-1-丁醇单剂和混剂对指状青霉菌丝生长有明显的抑制作用,EC₅₀分别为1.816、0.154和0.230μL/cm³;5种VOC单剂及五者混剂对指状青霉产孢均有不同程度的抑制作用,其中混剂对指状青霉产孢的抑制作用最明显,EC₅₀达到0.006μL/cm³;5种VOC单剂处理后,指状青霉帚状枝变短,侧枝发育不良;一定浓度丙酸乙酯、异丁酸乙酯、2-甲基丁酸甲酯或异丁酸处理后,指状青霉体内brlA和abaA基因过表达,然而2-甲基-1-丁醇和混剂处理后,其体内brlA、abaA和...     

绿色粘帚霉突变型菌株发酵液的抑菌活性研究

以对柑橘绿霉菌(Penicilliumdigitatum)的抑制率为依据,从发酵周期、热稳定性、酸碱敏感性及放置稳定性等方面对绿色粘帚霉(Gliocladiumvirens)突变型菌株UV-44发酵液的抑菌活性做了研究。结果表明,培养8d后,该菌株发酵液的抑菌活性达到最强,8d为其发酵周期。发酵液的热稳定性好,在80℃内随处理温度升高抑菌活性略有下降,121℃处理后抑制率仅下降16.70%。对酸碱较敏感,处理后发酵液抑菌活性差别显著,pH5的发酵液抑菌活性最强。长时间放置后发酵液不稳定,随着放置时间增加,抑菌活性显著下降,60d后其对柑橘绿霉菌的抑制率下降63.40%。     

Rare Chromones from a Fungal Mutant of the Marine-Derived Penicillium purpurogenum G59

Three new and rare chromones, named epiremisporine B (2), epiremisporine B1 (3) and isoconiochaetone C (4), along with three known remisporine B (1), coniochaetone A (5) and methyl 8-hydroxy-6-methyl-9-oxo-9H-xanthene-1-carboxylate (6) were isolated from a mutant from the diethyl sulfate (DES) mutagenesis of a marine-derived Penicillium purpurogenum G59. The structures of 2–4 including the absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic methods, especially by NMR analysis and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) experiments in conjunction with calculations. The absolute configuration of the known remisporine B (1) was determined for the first time. Compounds 2 and 3 have a rare feature that has only been reported in one example so far. The compounds 1–6 were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against several human cancer cell lines. The present work explored the great potential of our previous DES mutagenesis strategy for activating silent fungal pathways, which has accelerated the discovery of new bioactive compounds.     

Alkaloids with Cardiovascular Effects from the Marine-Derived Fungus Penicillium expansum Y32

Three new alkaloids (1, 4 and 8), together with nine known analogues (2, 3, 5–7, and 9–12), were isolated from the marine-derived fungus Penicillium expansum Y32. Their structures including the absolute configurations were elucidated by spectroscopic and Mosher’s and Marfey’s methods, along with quantum electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Each of the compounds was evaluated for cardiovascular effects in a live zebrafish model. All of the compounds showed a significant mitigative effect on bradycardia caused by astemizole (ASM) in the heart rate experiments. Compounds 4–6 and 8–12 exhibited potent vasculogenetic activity in vasculogenesis experiments. This is the first study to report that these types of compounds show cardiovascular effects in zebrafish. The results suggest that these compounds could be promising candidates for cardiovascular disease lead compounds.     

青霉菌Snef1216发酵液诱导番茄抗南方根结线虫研究

 通过Snef1216发酵液处理番茄根系和包衣种子,研究番茄抗南方根结线虫的组织病理学变化和作用方式。结果显示:处理番茄根系且接种15 d,应答根系内根结线虫的数量减少47.5%,且巨细胞出现空泡;包衣番茄种子,接种4、8和12 d,根系内2龄幼虫分别减少54.1%、3.4%和41.7%,接种10、20和30 d,根系内2龄、3龄、4龄幼虫和雌虫的数量也均比对照组番茄明显减少。表明Snef1216发酵液诱导了番茄对南方根结线虫的抗性。     

一株产纤维素酶真菌的筛选、鉴定及降解效果

从东北地区自然环境中采集不同区域腐殖质样品,筛选分离得到1株产纤维素酶的真菌C5,经形态学、生理生化特征试验,结合18S rDNA基因序列分析及扫描电镜分析鉴定该菌为斜卧青霉（Penicillium decumbens）,对其产酶能力及其对秸秆降解效果的研究结果表明:真菌C5具有较全的纤维素酶系和较高的纤维素酶活力,对...     

植物促生诱抗剂普绿通与多太保对白菜生长及抗病性的影响

为明确植物促生诱抗剂普绿通与多肽保对白菜生长及抗病性的影响,采用田间小区试验,研究普绿通与多肽保2种植物诱抗蛋白对白菜株高、叶片数、鲜重及病情指数等的影响。结果表明:植物促生诱抗剂能有效提高白菜鲜重和降低病情指数,其中,普绿通800倍浸根+苗期喷雾和多肽保500倍浸根+苗期喷雾的处理效果最好,其鲜重分别为807.19g/株和805.20g/株,与对照差异极显著,且在苗期对霜霉病的防治效果为31.40%和27.04%,可在反季节白菜生产上使用。     

浓缩苹果汁中扩展青霉菌实时PCR快速检测条件的优化

为了研究苹果汁生产中棒曲霉素产生菌的快速检测,利用实时PCR方法快速检测扩展青霉的可能性,对扩增条件进行优化。在polygatacturonase基因引物设计和传统PCR扩增扩展青霉DNA的基础上,研究实时PCR扩增时退火温度、引物浓度以及底物质量浓度对扩增效果的影响,以获得最佳的参数。结果表明,用Lightercy-cler实时PCR扩增扩展青霉DNA的最佳退火温度为61℃,最佳引物浓度为0.20~0.40μmol/L,底物质量浓度对实时PCR扩增的影响较小。在以上参数下,可以获得良好的PCR扩增曲线、产物溶解曲线以及清晰的产物条带。研究获得的快速检测扩展青霉的实时PCR参数,可用于浓缩苹果汁工业化生产中扩展青霉的快速检测,也可作为其他微生物实时PCR检测时的方法学参考。     

In vitro antimicrobial activity of different accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. from Uruguay

Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds.