缢蛏与对虾无公害生态养殖技术研究

改造66．7hm^2对虾养殖池塘,放养规格6000粒／kg的缢蛏苗种6250kg,日本对虾苗种1200万尾（2茬）,当年共收获缢蛏（规格6．67cm）270100kg,对吓124400kg,实现产值537．39万元,利税369．67万元。     

运输时间及水温对南美白对虾苗成活率的影响

在不同的温度(18℃、20℃、22℃、24℃、26℃)和时间(8h、14h、20h、26h、32h)条件下对南美白对虾苗进行运输。试验结果表明：运输时间和运输水温及两者的交互作用对南美白对虾苗成活率均有显著影响。多重比较结果显示运输时间在20h以内,不同时间梯度对南美白对虾苗的运输成活率的影响无显著差异,成活率均在90℃左右,随着运输时间的延长,虾苗成活率明显降低,且不同时间梯度间差异显著;运输用海水的温度控制在22～24℃时,虾苗具有较高的成活率,随着水温的升高或降低,成活率均明显降低,且不同温度梯度间差异显著。在本试验条件下,不同运输时间和运输水温对南美白对虾苗运输后暂养的成活率和生长无显著影响。     

Evaluation of growth,feed utilization efficiency and immune parameters in tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) fed diets supplemented with or diet fermented with gut bacterium Bacillus sp. DDKRC1. isolated from gut of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer)

An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of supplementation of cellulolytic gut bacterium with plant protein‐based diet on growth, digestibility and digestive enzyme status of tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon. Bacillus sp. DDKRC1. (JN641289), a potential cellulolytic bacterium, isolated from the gut of Asian seabass was used as feed supplement in this experiment. The shrimps of group I, II and III were fed with control diet (without bacterial supplement, D1), diet supplemented with live Bacillus sp. DDKRC1. at 2.94 × 10⁷ cfu per 100 g feed (D2) and diet fermented (48 hr) with same bacteria (D3) respectively. At the end of the 42 days experiment, shrimps of group II showed significantly better (p < .01) growth and protein efficiency ratio (PER) and lower (p < .01) feed conversion ratio (FCR) as compared to group I and III. Dry matter, cellulose, hemicellulose and lipid digestibilities were significantly (p < .01) higher in group II than other two groups. Cellulase, amylase and protease activities in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract were significantly (p < .01) higher in group II as compared to other two groups. Total heterotrophic count, amylolytic, cellulolytic and proteolytic bacterial counts in gut were significantly (p < .01) higher in group II as compared to other two groups. Haematological analysis indicated better (p < .05) immune response in groups II and III than control group. Diets D2 and D3 showed better effect on growth, digestibility, FCR, survival and immune response of P. monodon as compared to D1.     

中国对虾血淋巴抗凝剂的筛选

依据中国对虾血细胞电镜照片中细胞整体形态和细胞器、细胞核的变化,研究对虾抗凝剂成分配比,初步确认了一种理想的抗凝剂配方NaCl450mM,KCl100mM,EDTA,Na210mM,HEPES10mM(pH7.45)。它能够良好的保持细胞的整体形态以及细胞器、细胞核的形态。     

Effects of water exchange protocols on water quality,sedimentation rate and production performance of Penaeus monodon in earthen ponds

This study was carried out in farmers' fields to quantify the total water and consumptive water use in grow‐out culture of Penaeus monodon under recommended package of practice with two different water management protocols: T₁, with no water exchange and T₂, with regulated water exchange. Treatment‐wise estimated total water use, was 2.09 and 2.43 ha‐m 122 day^?1, while the computed consumptive water use index (m³ kg^?1 biomass) was 5.35 and 6.02 in T₁ and T₂ respectively. Lower rates of water exchange (T₂) showed significantly improved (P < 0.05) crop performance in terms of performance index (19.75 ± 0.75), production‐size index (74.1 ± 3.4), survival rate (80.13 ± 1.7%) and productivity (2.44 ± 0.08 t) over the zero water exchange. The shrimp pond water quality suitability index (WQSI) infers that regulated water exchange (T₂) improved the overall suitability of water quality for shrimp culture. WQSI up to 90 days of culture ranged between 7.5–9.0 in T₂, needs little management while in the last month of rearing, it was good with moderate management requirements. Treatment‐wise sediment load ranged between 50.4–56.3 m³ t^?1 shrimp biomass. High intensity of water exchange and low apparent feed conversion ratio influenced in lowering the sedimentation rate. Regulated water exchange protocol (T₂) performed well (higher net total water productivity and net consumptive water productivity) against no water exchange (T₁). A higher OV:CC ratio (ratio of the output value to the cost of cultivation) indicated that T₂ had a distinct edge over the T₁ protocol.     

Enhancement of innate immune system,survival and yield in Penaeus monodon reared in ponds using Streptococcus phocae PI80

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary and water supplementation of probiotic Streptococcus phocae PI80 on growth, immune response and feed utilization of tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon in earthen ponds. The probiotic bacterium S. phocae PI80 was cultured in large fermenter (50 L) by adding additional carbon source in the form of molasses and glucose along with yeast extract as nitrogen source to enrich S. phocae PI80 biomass. This enriched S. phocae PI80 was administered to shrimp in feed (6.5 × 10¹³ bacterial cells mL^?1) as well as in pond water (5 L/pond). Shrimp growth performance was significantly improved (P < 0.05) in 120 days culture when the average body weight of treated molasses + yeast extract (MY) (28.41 ± 0.874 g), glucose + yeast extract (GY) (27.013 ± 0.698 g) was significantly higher than control (23.63 ± 0.684 g). Food conversion ratio FCR was also found to be reduced significantly in ponds treated with probiotics when compared with control pond (1.89 ± 0.09). Vibrio and luminescent bacteria were found to be lower in the treatment receiving MY group, and we hypothesize that this may lead to greater shrimp survival. Furthermore, fermentation product of S. phocae PI80 added to pond water and feed additives enhanced the shrimp immune system. The results indicated that total haemocytes count (THC), phenoloxidase (PO) activity, NBT reductase assay and phagocytic activity significantly increased in shrimps treated with S. phocae PI80. Our study demonstrates that administration of S. phocae PI80 in the water and feed at 6.5 × 10¹³ colony‐forming units (CFU) mL^?1 bacterial cells induce immune modulation and enhances the immune ability of P. monodon in pond‐reared shrimp and increased the shrimp production.     

斑节对虾细胞周期蛋白B慢病毒载体的构建及对Hela细胞增殖影响

细胞周期蛋白B（Cyclin B）是影响卵母细胞发育成熟的重要基因。文章构建了PmCyB慢病毒表达载体,并和慢病毒包装复合物在293T细胞中包装成慢病毒颗粒。利用包装好的慢病毒颗粒,感染干扰了Cyclin B1基因的Hela细胞,研究了PmCyB对Hela细胞增殖的影响。结果表明,通过siRNA干扰细胞自身的Cyclin B1后,转染对照组病毒液的Hela细胞增殖减缓;同时,干扰后转入含有PmCyB重组慢病毒表达载体,Hela细胞增殖速度明显要高于转染对照组病毒液的Hela细胞的增殖速度。这一结果表明,PmCyB基因的过表达能补偿Cyclin B1缺失导致的细胞增殖减缓的现象,说明PmCyB基因具有细胞周期调控功能,是细胞增殖与分化的重要调控基因,且功能可能与人类的Cyclin B1相似。人类的Cyclin B1是卵母细胞发育成熟的重要基因。由此可以推断,PmCyB基因可能对斑节对虾（Penaeus monodon）卵巢发育成熟起着重要作用。     

Immunostimulatory effect of mangrove‐derived marine yeasts in Penaeus monodon

This study attempted to assess the efficacy of mangrove‐derived marine yeasts as a source of immuno‐stimulant in the tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon. The shrimp was fed on the diets in supplementation with yeast biomass at 10% for a period of 15 days and then challenged with the pathogenic Vibrio cholerae. The animals were assessed for immune responses in terms of total haemocyte counts, phenol oxidase and endobiotics. Among the yeasts tested, Rhodotorula minuta was found to have high immunostimulatory effect in the shrimps especially after challenge with the pathogenic vibrio.