Salinity effects on annual bedding plants in a peat‐perlite medium and solution culture

Annual vinca (Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don ‘Pink Carpet'), geranium (Pelargonium x hortorum L. H. Bailey ‘Jackpot'), and marigold (Tagetes erecta L. ‘First Lady') were grown in a sphagnum peat moss and perlite medium. Plants were irrigated with solutions of different salinity by the addition of 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 g/1 of a NaCl and CaCl₂ mixture resulting in solution electrical conductivity (EC) values of about 1.3, 3.0, 4.5, 7.9, and 13.9 ds/m, respectively. In another experiment marigold and geranium were grown in solution culture containing the same salt mixture at 0.0, 1.0, 4.0, and 8.0 g/1 with EC values of 1.4, 3.0, 7.4, and 12.5 ds/m, respectively. All species showed some salinity tolerance up to 2.0 g/1 in peat‐perlite and 1.0 g/1 in solution culture as growth reductions were below 10% and no foliar injury occurred. Foliar injury occurred on marigold and geranium, but not annual vinca, at 4.0 and 8.0 g/1 in both growing media. On a concentration basis, recently mature leaves sampled from marigold grown in peat‐perlite contained more chloride (Cl) but less sodium (Na) than geranium and annual vinca. However results of the solution culture experiment showed that, with the exception of 1.0 g/1 treatment, geranium and marigold plants absorbed the same amount of Cl and Na when content was expressed on a mg/g dry weight basis. The low Na concentration in marigold leaves was a reflection of restricted translocation of Na from the roots to the shoots.     

应用智利小植绥螨防治温室四种花卉上二斑叶螨的研究

在温室栽培的一串红、藿香蓟、马蹄莲和爬蔓绣球上释放智利小植绥螨防治二斑叶螨均取得满意的结果。早期(10—11月)释放捕食螨,可减少花卉受害,节省捕食螨数量。于苗期或分盆前释放,还可节省用工。智利小植绥螨的释放量,因叶螨密度、花卉种类、植株大小而异,每次每株释放1—50头不等。3—4月初,如叶螨数量有回升,可释放第二次。一般能控制害螨每叶一头以下。     

不同基质处理对天竺葵扦插苗生长的影响

采用不同基质进行天竺葵扦插试验,对天竺葵扦插苗生长情况调查结果表明：珍珠岩1:蛭石1混合基质提高了天竺葵扦插苗的成活率,促进其根、茎和叶鲜重和干重的增加,同时还促进了扦插苗最长根的伸长生长。综合来看,珍珠岩1:蛭石1混合基质更有利于天竺葵扦插苗的生长。     

天竺葵成熟胚囊的超微结构研究

天竺葵的成熟胚囊由七个细胞组成。卵细胞含有各种细胞器，其中质体和线粒体丰富，另外还存在高尔基体、粗面内质网、核糖体和微管。质体的形状多样，有球形、棒状或不规则长形，具管状或泡状的内膜结构，基质电子密度较低，多数质体中含有一个或几个淀粉粒。线粒体的体积较大，在切面上多呈环状，其基质电子透明区含有明显的ＤＮＡ纤丝。在卵细胞的合点端，其质膜与中央细胞的质膜之间发生局部分离，形成了明显的膨大间隙，间隙中存     

不同基质处理对天竺葵扦插苗生长的影响

 采用不同基质进行天竺葵扦插试验,对天竺葵扦插苗生长情况调查结果表明：珍珠岩1:蛭石1混合基质提高了天竺葵扦插苗的成活率,促进其根、茎和叶鲜重和干重的增加,同时还促进了扦插苗最长根的伸长生长。综合来看,珍珠岩1:蛭石1混合基质更有利于天竺葵扦插苗的生长。     

不同浓度Na2SO3处理对吊兰和天竺葵叶片叶绿体色素含量的影响

应用分光光度法研究了不同浓度Na2SO3溶液浸泡处理下的吊兰和天竺葵叶片的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素含量,叶绿素a/b比值及类胡萝卜素与叶绿素的比值在不同处理时间的动态变化。结果表明,随处理浓度增大、处理时间的延长,吊兰的各项指标均高于天竺葵,且随处理浓度增大和处理时间延长呈上升的变化趋势;而天竺葵则和下降的变化趋势。     

Optimization of harvest regime and post-harvest handling in geranium production to maximize essential oil yield in Rwanda

In Rwanda, the production of geranium (Pelargonium sp.) essential oil is becoming an important commercial crop for income generation. The understanding of postharvest handling of the crop prior to distillation is a key strategy to maximize oil yields. Two experiments were conducted in commercial fields of rose geranium, Pelargonium graveolens, in Kiyombe (Rwanda) to investigate the effects of (i) the length of dry-down or partial wilt and (ii) the time of day on the quantity and quality of essential oil yield and composition. In the first study, the plant material was harvested at 12:00 noon, and while drying also under the same shade conditions the material was sub-sampled immediately and again at 3 h intervals up through 46-h after harvesting. In the second study, the geranium plants were manually harvested at 10:00 AM, 12:00 noon, 2:00 PM, and 4:00 PM and dried under shade for 17 h prior to steam distillation. The geranium plants harvested in the early afternoon (2:00 PM) had the highest essential oil concentration (0.22%). The chemical profile of the essential oil showed that Kiyombe geranium oil exhibited a suitable chemical composition (citronellol 26.4%, linalool 2.3% and geraniol 13.9%), acceptable for international markets.     

Influence of Integrated Supply of Vermicompost and Zinc‐Eniched Compost with Two Graded Levels of Iron and Zinc on the Productivity of Geranium

Abstract

Two pot experiments under greenhouse condition were carried out to study the influence of vermicompost and zinc‐enriched compost with two levels of iron and zinc on the productivity of geranium (Pelargonium graveolens). Joint application of vermicompost and zinc‐enriched compost was effective in increasing the herb and oil yield over sole application of iron and zinc. Combined application of vermicompost and zinc‐enriched compost gave better herb and oil yield in both the experiments. With application of vermicompost and zinc‐enriched compost with two graded levels of iron, higher N, P, and K concentrations were observed with application of vermicompost (5 g kg^?1), vermicompost (5 g kg^?1), and Fe 12.5 ppm+Zn‐enriched compost 2.5 g kg^?1 soil, respectively, over control. Highest reduction in soil pH was observed with an application of vermicompost at 5 g kg^?1 soil; maximum soil organic carbon content was also recorded in the same treatment. In experiment II, joint application of vermicompost, zinc‐enriched compost, and graded levels of zinc recorded highest N, P, and K concentration with treatments of Zn (15 ppm)+vermicompost (2.5 g kg^?1), vermicompost (5 g kg^?1), and Zn (15 ppm)+vermicompost (2.5 g kg^?1 soil), respectively. Nitrogen, P, and K content increased by 36, 125, and 305%, respectively, with these treatments over the control.

Chemical constituents of geranium oil such as cis‐rose oxide, isomenthone, linalool, citronellyl, geranylformate, geranyl, and epi‐γ‐eudesmol were significantly improved by combined application of Zn with vermicompost and Zn‐enriched compost as compared to sole application of Zn. Similar effects were observed with Fe in combination with vermicompost and Zn‐enriched compost on most of the chemical constituents of geranium oil. Physicochemical properties of the soil were also improved as macro‐ and micronutrient availability markedly increased in both the experiments because of combined application of vermicompost and Zn‐enriched compost with two levels of Zn and Fe.     

香叶天竺葵组织培养快速繁殖技术研究

对香叶天竺葵组织培养快速繁殖技术进行了研究,建立了种苗快速繁殖技术规程.结果：适宜的增殖培养基为MS＋6-BA为0.5～1.0 mg/ L,继代周期为25～30 d,繁殖系数5以上;生根培养基为1/ 2MS＋IBA 0.2 mg/ L,生根诱导率达100 %;生根培养20 d后,将试管苗移栽到菜园土：河沙=1：1的混合基质中,保湿培养,移栽成活率达98.6 %.     

遮光对3种室内植物生长及光合特性影响初探

研究了 3种遮光处理对室内悬垂植物绿萝、口红花和天竺葵生长的影响并对其光合特性进行测定分析。结果表明:5 0 %～ 75 %遮荫,绿萝的平均枝长和叶片数有明显增长,75 %遮荫利于口红花的生长,天竺葵在 5 0 %遮荫条件下,新枝数和叶片数明显较其他处理的增加量多。遮荫使 3种室内植物叶绿素含量增加。天竺葵的耐荫性较绿萝和口红化差。