The impact of the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme on the “health poverty alleviation” of rural households in China

This study investigates the impact of the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme(NRCMS) on rural households to escape poverty. We employ the instrumental variable method, the IVProbit model, to analyze the national data from the rural-resident field survey by the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS) in 2016. Based on the large-scale data, we found that, first, the hospitalization of family members is the key factor in increasing the risk of the family falling into poverty. The NRCMS has significantly reduced the likely risk of falling into poverty. Second, the impact of the NRCMS on poverty alleviation varies among groups with different levels of income. There is no impact on the upper-middle and high-income groups; in contrast, the NRCMS has substantially improved the capacity of low-income rural families to prevent poverty due to illness, especially for the lower-middle-income group. Third, there exist significant regional differences in the impact of NRCMS on the health poverty alleviation of rural households in China. The NRCMS has successfully reduced the risk of rural households in the western region falling into poverty, simultaneously, no significant impact on those in the eastern and central regions. In order to diminish and eliminate poverty eventually and boost rural residents' capacity for income acquisition, we propose the following: raise the actual compensation ratio of the NRCMS, control the rising expense of NRCMS by promoting the payment method reform, construct the comprehensive healthcare system in the western region, strengthen the medical security for the poor in remote area, and enhance the living environment for rural residents.     

福州市种粮大户发展现状及扶持对策

分析阐述了福州市种粮大户发展现状,及其在发展粮食生产中的作用与面临的困难,并提出了扶持种粮大户发展的对策建议。     

五常大米产业发展的利弊分析及对策

分析了五常市大米产业发展现状,指出五常大米产业具有优良品种、知名品牌、技术管理规范等优势,但也存在农民协会覆盖率低、产品品种单一、精深加工程度低、质量监管执法力度低等弊端,建议加强农协建设,扶持精深加工企业,进一步完善支撑服务体系,以促进五常大米产业的健康持续发展。     

Impact of aquaculture feed technology on fish income and poverty in Kenya

ABSTRACT

The impacts of improved agricultural technologies on smallholder households in Africa are well documented in the literature. However, the literature on the welfare impacts of aquaculture technologies, especially in the context of smallholder households, is very scanty. This paper applies the propensity score matching technique to household survey data to examine the impact of improved feed technology on fish income and poverty in Kenya. After controlling for observable household characteristics, the results indicate that improved feed technology increases aquaculture income and reduces poverty among fish farming households. Specifically, the income effect of the technology is 23–37%, with resultant poverty reduction effect of 19–23% points. Evidence from the study indicates that the likelihood of adopting improved feed in Kenya will surge with improved extension service delivery, access to government subsidized feed, and easy market access for purchasing improved feed and sale of mature fish.     

人口双向流动视角下西部地区农民科技素质研究——以贵州省为调查重点

人口双向流动将是西部地区农村社会未来不可避免的一种发展趋势,由此也必将引致西部地区农村社会分化出外出农民群体、返乡农民群体、留守农民群体。调查表明这三类农民群体科技素质存有一定差异,其原因可能是与其自身个体特征、外部体制环境等因素有关,因此要缩小三类农民群体科技素质差距就必须不断提高其科技素质水平。     

集体林权制度改革后农户林地投入现状的调查研究——以四川省林改示范县为例

基于对四川省3个林权改革示范县333户农户的调查数据,从农户对林地进行资金投入、劳动力投入、技术投入3个层面分析农户林地投入在林权改革深入推进背景下的发展现状,并指出农户在林地投入中存在的问题,结合四川省集体林权制度改革的实际情况,提出可以通过完善林权抵押贷款业务、发挥林业站功能及进行林业补贴等途径引导和刺激农户进行林地投入的政策建议。     

新时期下农民政治参与问题研究

农民政治参与是发展农村基层民主自治的重要内容。但是在基层民主自治发展中表现出了如农民利益受到侵犯,非制度化参与增加;农民受教育的水平不高,主动参与政治意愿不强;政府行为失范,农民制度化参与政治渠道不畅通等问题。因此,应当采取有效措施,保证农民能制度化参与到社会政治生活中。     

论农民环境权的保护

环境权是农民合法权益的内容之一。目前,我国农民环境权没有得到有效地保护,影响了农民的生存和基本素质的提高,不利于农村社会经济秩序的稳定。农民环境权保护不仅是环境法的研究范围,而且更应当引起全社会的重视。分析了我国农民环境权保护的现状,提出了加强农民环境权保护的法律建议。     

2007年中国农村居民家庭纯收入和消费支出的多元回归分析

利用多元统计分析中的回归分析方法,建立了2007年我国农村居民家庭纯收入和消费支出的多元线性回归模型。根据回归结果,分析了2007年我国农村居民家庭纯收入和消费支出的内在关系,并对如何提高农村居民家庭收入水平和刺激消费提出了合理的建议。     

Comparison of transpiration between different aged black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia)trees on the semi-arid Loess Plateau,China

Black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia)is widely planted throughout the semi-arid Loess Plateau of China.The spatial distribution of this species at different ages is highly heterogeneous due to restoration and management practices.In this study,we aimed to compare the transpiration levels between different aged black locusts at the tree and stand scales,clarifying the physiological status of this species with different ages.Black locust trees with two representative age classes(12 and 28 years)were selected in the Yangjuangou catchment on the semi-arid Loess Plateau.Sap flux density(F_d)and environmental variables(solar radiation,air temperature,relative humidity and soil water content)were simultaneously monitored throughout the growing season of 2014.Tree transpiration(E_t)was the product of Fd and sapwood area(A_S),and stand transpiration(E_c)was calculated basing on the stand sap flux density(J_s)and stand total sapwood area(A_(ST)).Stomatal conductance(g_s)was measured in a controlled environment and hydraulic conductance was estimated using the relationship between transpiration rate and vapor pressure deficit(VPD).Our results showed that Et and Ec were higher in the 28-year-old stand than in the 12-year-old stand.The gs and hydraulic conductance of 28-year-old trees were also higher than those of 12-year-old trees,and the two parameters were thus the causes of variations in transpiration between different age classes.After rainfall,mean Fd increased by 9% in 28-year-old trees and by 5% in 12-year-old trees.This study thus suggests that stand age should be considered for estimating transpiration at the catchment and region scales in this area.These results provide ecophysiological evidences that the older black locust trees had more active physiological status than the younger ones in this area.These findings also provide basic information for the management of water resources and forests on the semi-arid Loess Plateau.