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941.
Polka‐dot grouper, Cromileptes altivelis, a highly‐prized fish in Asian live fish markets, is a slow‐growing species. Long‐chain (LCF) or medium‐chain fatty acids (MCF) were fed to polka‐dot grouper (14 g initial weight) for 8 weeks to see if growth could be stimulated. Five dietary treatments were compared: a control diet with low fat (56 g kg?1) or diets that contained either moderate (150 g kg?1) or high (300 g kg?1) supplements of fat that were added either as olive oil for the LCF or coconut oil for the MCF. Control fish performed well; they grew at 2.2 g week?1, had a dry matter feed conversion ratio of 1.0 and deposited dietary protein and energy at efficiencies of 25 and 26%. Fish fed LCF at moderate levels performed better than controls but, when fed LCF at high levels or MCF at any level, their performance was inferior to controls. We conclude that dietary supplementation with 150 g kg?1 of LCF stimulates growth and improves protein retention of polka‐dot grouper whereas higher levels, or the same or higher levels of MCF, depress performance. 相似文献
942.
Richard J Onders Steven D Mims Barbara A Wilhelm & Jesse D Robinson 《Aquaculture Research》2005,36(16):1602-1610
Paddlefish are gaining increasing acceptance as an aquaculture species worldwide. Commercial trout feeds, containing high protein and lipid levels, are currently used in intensive culture; however, nutritional requirements of paddlefish are not currently known. A study was conducted examining the effects on growth, survival and fillet composition of juvenile paddlefish when fed commercial feeds differing in protein and lipid levels. Paddlefish larvae were first stocked in 14.0 m3 round tanks and fed trout starter feeds for 43 days until trained to accept a 1.6 mm pellet. Paddlefish juveniles of mean weight (±SE) 20±0.27 g were randomly stocked into six0.02 ha ponds at 12 500 ha?1 and fed floating commercial trout or catfish (lower protein and lipid) feeds, twice daily (08:00 and 15:30 hours) for 92–97 days. At harvest, there were no significant differences in final weight, percent survival, specific growth rate , relative growth and feed conversion ratio between treatments, which averaged 223.6 g, 96.2%, 2.5% day?1, 10.2 and 1.98 respectively. Surface feeding activity index was significantly higher in ponds supplied with catfish feed than in ponds supplied with trout feeds. Relative pellet buoyancy was not a factor in feeding activity. Fulton's condition factor averaged0.238, was not significantly different, and was similar to a reported value for extensively cultured paddlefish (zooplanktivore). There was no significant difference in liver somatic index between treatments, which averaged 1.91%. Percent protein and moisture of fillets averaged 14.9% and 80.9%, respectively, and were not significantly different between treatments. However, lipid content of fillets was significantly higher in paddlefish fed the trout feed (4.45%), compared with paddlefish fed the catfish feed (2.42%). Fillet lipid content for both treatments was higher than reported values for extensively cultured paddlefish. Percent abdominal fat was significantly higher (0.82%) in paddlefish fed the trout feed compared with paddlefish fed the catfish feed (0.52%). Results from this study indicate that paddlefish can be fed a commercial catfish feed labeled to contain 32% protein and 4.5% lipid without adverse effects on growth, survival and fillet composition, lowering production costs. 相似文献
943.
Steven K.A Arndt Tillmann J. Benfey Richard A. Cunjak 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1994,13(6):463-471
RNA concentrations and enzyme activities are often used as indices of recent growth in fish, but few studies have used both
methods to assess the same fish. This study measured RNA concentrations and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in muscle
tissue of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to compare their usefulness for reflecting specific growth rates, and to determine whether either growth index was influenced
by diel variations or time of feeding. Three groups (n = 54 in total) were fed 1.5% of body weight in commercial pellets in
four feedings per day. One group was fed only in the morning (0830–1230h), one in the afternoon (1430–1830h), and one in the
morning and afternoon (0830–1830h). At the end of ten days, fish were sampled at three times (0130h, 1030h, 1630h) over a
single 24h period. Correlations to specific growth rate were slightly higher for RNA concentrations than for ODC activity,
but both were highly significant. RNA and ODC activity were also correlated to each other. These results suggest that RNA
concentration and ODC activity, taken together, can be used to monitor changes in both the numbers and activity of ribosomes.
For RNA concentrations, there was no evidence of an effect of diel variations or the time of feeding. For ODC activity, a
significant diel effect (all feed schedules combined) was detected if one non-growing fish was excluded from the analysis;
activity of the enzyme was slightly higher in the sample taken at night (0130h) than in the two daytime samples.
Contribution no. 8, Catamaran Brook Habitat Research Project 相似文献
944.
D.L. Thiessen D.D. Maenz R.W. Newkirk H.L. Classen & M.D. Drew 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2004,10(6):379-388
A dephytinized protein concentrate prepared from canola seed (CPC) was assessed for nutrient digestibility and performance in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The apparent digestibility coefficients of CPC were: dry matter, 817 g kg?1; crude protein, 899 g kg?1; gross energy, 861 g kg?1; arginine, 945 g kg?1; lysine, 935 g kg?1; methionine, 954 g kg?1; threonine, 893 g kg?1. A 9‐week performance trial assessed 7 diets. Fishmeal provided 940 g kg?1 of the protein in the control diet. Test diets consisted of CPC or water‐washed CPC replacing 500 and 750 g kg?1 of fishmeal protein; and CPC plus an attractant replacing 500 and 750 g kg?1 of fishmeal protein. No significant differences in performance were observed (P > 0.05). A subsequent 9‐week performance trial evaluated the effect of adding CPC into compound diets containing fishmeal/soybean meal/corn gluten meal. Five diets were prepared: fishmeal provided 670 g kg?1 of the protein in the control diet, in the remaining diets CPC was incorporated into commercial‐like trout diets at 100, 200 and 300 g kg?1 replacement of fishmeal protein, the fifth diet included an attractant in the 300 g kg?1 replacement diet. No significant differences in performance were obtained (P > 0.05). These studies show that dephytinized canola protein concentrate has potential to replace substantial levels of fishmeal in diets for carnivorous fish without compromising performance. 相似文献
945.
为研究不同饲粮粗蛋白质水平对20~35 kg淮猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响,选择48头遗传背景相似、初始体重约20 kg的淮猪,按随机区组设计分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复4头淮猪,公母各半。3个试验组等能量水平下(12.78 MJ/kg)分别饲喂低(14.53%)、中(15.55%)、高(16.62%)3种不同粗蛋白质水平的饲粮。猪体重达35 kg左右结束试验。饲养试验共49 d,其中预试期7 d,正试期42 d。结果显示,日采食量,中等蛋白质组分别比低蛋白质组和高蛋白质组高8.55%和5.77%;日增重,低蛋白质组和中等蛋白质组相同,均比高蛋白质组高9.09%;料重比,低蛋白质组分别比中等蛋白质组和高蛋白质组低4.19%和8.63%。血清尿素氮含量,低蛋白质组分别比中等蛋白质组和高蛋白质组低16.25%(P〈0.05)和11.96%(P〉0.05),说明低蛋白质组猪对饲料蛋白质的利用率高于中等蛋白质组和高蛋白质组;中等蛋白质组血清中葡萄糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯含量略低于其它试验组,而血清总蛋白、球蛋白含量略高于其它试验组;低、中、高蛋白质组血清中白蛋白含量依次递减。本试验结果表明,20~35 kg淮猪饲粮蛋白质适宜水平为14.53%。 相似文献
946.
为优化用于口蹄疫灭活疫苗蛋白质含量测定的改良Lowry法,进而确立口蹄疫灭活疫苗蛋白质含量测定的操作程序,探索了有机溶剂破乳剂、酚红以及丙酮沉淀对测定结果影响。结果表明:样品中含酚红和有机溶剂均导致测定值较标准值高;有机溶剂破乳后,水相样经过丙酮沉淀测定值较标准值低;丙酮直接沉淀疫苗后测定蛋白质值与标准值符合度最高,丙酮沉淀回收率随蛋白浓度升高而升高,回收率在90%~100%之间。试验首次确立了改良Lowry法检测口蹄疫灭活疫苗中蛋白质含量的操作程序为丙酮直接沉淀疫苗后测定蛋白质浓度。并成功应用于口蹄疫灭活疫苗蛋白质含量的测定。 相似文献
947.
本试验通过给奶牛饲喂不同粗饲料组合的TMR日粮,探讨日粮中不同粗饲料组合对奶牛泌乳性能的影响.结果表明,日粮鲜重的精粗比从30∶70提高到40∶60后,奶牛的干物质采食量有显著地增加(P<0.05).随着精料比例增加,其能量水平、蛋白含量和乳蛋白率增加.同时,蛋白含量和产奶量都有所提高.在试验二组中用青贮代替了全贮,提高了奶牛的采食量和泌乳性能.说明,奶牛全混合日粮(TMR)可以提高日粮养分表观消化率、产奶量和改善乳蛋白质水平.青贮饲料的蛋白质的降解和利用更容易被瘤胃微生物降解和吸收,从而提高奶牛的泌乳性能,取得较高的经济效益. 相似文献
948.
本试验旨在探讨周期性变动饲粮蛋白质水平对内蒙古白绒山羊内源尿素氮循环和微生物蛋白质合成的影响。饲粮分为低(7.5%)、中(10.5%)和高(13.5%)3个蛋白质水平。选用9只体况良好,体重为(45.63±3.15)kg,装有瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古白绒山羊,采用单因子随机区组试验设计分为3组,即中蛋白质饲粮组(对照组)、变动低蛋白质饲粮组(2 d低蛋白质饲粮—2 d高蛋白质饲粮,循环饲喂)、变动高蛋白质饲粮组(2 d高蛋白质饲粮—2 d低蛋白质饲粮,循环饲喂)。预试期16 d,正试期12 d。通过全收粪尿法、嘌呤衍生物法和同位素灌注法测定山羊氮代谢、内源尿素氮循环以及微生物蛋白质合成的变化。结果表明:1)中蛋白质饲粮组与变动蛋白质饲粮组比较,瘤胃液氨氮(NH3-N)浓度显著增加(P<0.05),粪氮、尿氮排出量显著增加(P<0.05),沉积氮/摄入氮显著降低(P<0.05),尿中嘌呤衍生物排出量和微生物蛋白质合成的量显著降低(P<0.05);2)变动低蛋白质饲粮组与变动高蛋白质饲粮组比较,瘤胃液NH3-N浓度显著降低(P<0.05);3)周期性变动饲粮蛋白质水平后,进入胃肠道的尿素氮/肝脏合成的内源尿素氮显著增加(P<0.05),进入尿中的尿素氮/肝脏合成的内源尿素氮显著减少(P<0.05),返回鸟氨酸循环的尿素氮/进入胃肠道的尿素氮显著减少(P<0.05),用于再合成的尿素氮/进入胃肠道的尿素氮显著增加(P<0.05)。综上所述,周期性变动饲粮蛋白质水平有利于提高内蒙古白绒山羊氮利用率和微生物蛋白质合成量。 相似文献
949.
本试验旨在研究饲粮代谢能(ME)和粗蛋白质(CP)水平对蛋鸭产蛋期不同阶段产蛋性能的影响。采用3×3两因子完全随机试验设计,ME水平分别为10.88、10.46和10.04 MJ/kg,CP水平分别为18.26%、17.07%和16.42%,选取刚开产的福建龙岩麻鸭1 674羽,随机分为9个组,每组6个重复,每个重复31羽。试验共持续32周。结果表明:1)产蛋初期(16~18周龄),饲粮ME和CP水平均未显著影响蛋鸭产蛋率、平均蛋重、日产蛋重和料蛋比(P>0.05)。饲粮ME和CP水平对蛋鸭平均蛋重有显著的交互作用(P<0.05)。2)产蛋高峰期(19~39周龄),饲粮ME水平显著影响蛋鸭平均蛋重(P<0.05)。饲粮ME水平为10.88和10.46 MJ/kg组的平均蛋重显著高于10.04 MJ/kg组(P<0.05)。饲粮CP水平未显著影响蛋鸭产蛋率、平均蛋重、日产蛋重和料蛋比(P>0.05)。饲粮ME和CP水平对蛋鸭产蛋率、平均蛋重、日产蛋重和料蛋比没有显著的交互作用(P>0.05)。3)产蛋后期(40~47周龄),饲粮ME水平为10.46 MJ/kg组的产蛋率和日产蛋重显著高于10.04 MJ/kg组(P<0.05);10.88 MJ/kg组的平均蛋重显著高于10.46和10.04 MJ/kg组(P<0.05)。饲粮CP水平为18.26%组的产蛋率、日产蛋重显著高于17.07%和16.42%组(P<0.05),料蛋比显著低于17.07%和16.42%组(P<0.05)。饲粮ME和CP水平对蛋鸭日产蛋重有显著的交互作用(P<0.05)。综合考虑产蛋性能指标,产蛋初期、高峰期和后期龙岩麻鸭饲粮适宜的ME和CP水平分别为10.88、10.46、10.46 MJ/kg和17.07%、17.07%、18.26%,每日ME和CP需要量分别为1.47、1.60、1.48 MJ和22.96、26.16、25.81 g,饲粮的蛋能比分别为15.62、16.35、17.44 g/MJ。 相似文献
950.