重金属Cu~(2+)在黄鳝体内蓄积的研究

采用原子吸收分光光度法,分别测定了Cu2+及与表面活性剂AE、LAS参与下Cu2+在黄鳝体内肝脏、肌肉和性腺等不同组织部位中的蓄积量。实验结果表明:Cu2+在鱼体内的蓄积量与组织的类型、表面活性剂以及处理时间、Cu2+浓度等因素有关;同等条件下,Cu2+在3种组织器官中蓄积量的大小顺序为:肝脏>肌肉>性腺;鱼类对水相Cu2+的吸收符合简单的线性关系,且在一定范围内的蓄积量与处理液中Cu2+浓度、培养时间均成正比;表面活性剂LAS和AE对鱼类有较强的毒性作用,亦可使鱼体对Cu2+的吸收量产生一定的阻碍作用。     

2-乙酰基环己酮的合成与表征

研究了2-乙酰基环己酮的合成方法，结果表明，环己酮和吗啡啉以有机溶剂甲苯为共沸剂，以对甲笨磺酸为催化剂，进行缩合反应生成烯胺，然后加入缚酸剂三乙胺，滴加乙酰氯和有机溶剂的混合物，烯胺与乙酰氯发生亲核加成反应，生成亚胺正离子，最后加入浓盐酸对亚胺正离子进行水解，可生成研究产物2-乙酰基环己酮。产物结构经红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱分析验证与目标化合物的结构一致。     

猪圆环病毒2型感染细胞凋亡研究进展

细胞凋亡是多种因素调节的细胞主动死亡过程,细胞凋亡的两条主要通路分别是死亡受体介导的凋亡途径和线粒体凋亡途径,但它们共同的凋亡效应物为胱冬酶;理化因素如放射线、紫外线和高温等及生物学因素如基因表达产物、酶和细胞因子等都影响细胞的凋亡。肿瘤坏死因子和胱冬酶在猪圆环病毒2型感染细胞凋亡中起着非常重要的作用;p53诱导环-H2J、un氨基端激酶,NF-κB等均参与细胞凋亡。生产中,可采用猪圆环病毒2型疫苗免疫,干扰RNA的使用和减少应激等措施降低PCV-2感染,抑制细胞凋亡。     

2—氯对苯醌合成新工艺的研究

以邻氯苯胺为原料，重铬酸钠为氧化剂合成２－氯对苯醌，进一步探索了反应机理，优选了反应工艺条件，产品得率达到６８．７％；同时对废液的回收利用提出了技术、经济上可行的办法。     

基于P2P流媒体的校园VOD系统的设计与实现

本文在分析VOD视频点播系统的相关技术,如流媒体技术、应用层组播技术和P2P技术的基础上,并结合高等院校的实际情况,设计了基于P2P流媒体的校园VOD系统。本文设计的基于网络的交互式VOD视频点播系统采用应用组播的工作方式,视频文件采用RMVB等流媒体文件格式。在分析了校园VOD系统的现状以及对系统进行了需求分析的前提下,对校园VOD系统的各个功能模块进行了详细设计。     

Soil CO2 evolution from Korean pine virgin forest at Changbai Mountain

The soil CO₂ evolution rate was measured in a virgin Korean pine forest. The results in June showed that the lowest value of evolution rate was 220 mg/(m²·h) and appeared at 6:00 a.m. The highest value was 460 mg/(m²·h) at 18:00. The rates of CO₂ evolution were related with soil temperature. On the basis of the constructed regression equation and the monthly average values of temperature, the magnitude of CO₂ evolution from Korean pine forest soil was 10.4 t/hm² during a growing season. This project was funded by the Opened Research Station of Changbai Mountain Forest Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Responsible editor: Zhu Hong     

泰安市污水处理厂处理城市污水的研究

本文详细阐述了AB工艺的原理及A2O工艺的特点。并就测得的数据分析了CODcr与BOD5之间显著的线性关系;对年间、季度间的CODcr去除率进行方差分析,结果表明CODcr年间去除率存在一定差异,季度间去除率稳定;通过比较TP与TN的去除率,分析了具有脱氮除磷功能的A2O工艺在实际运行中存在的问题。     

Comparing chamber and eddy covariance based net ecosystem CO2 exchange of fen soils

Due to their high emission potential, the reporting of CO₂ emissions from peatlands requires exact emission factors for different land use categories. Recently used emission factors are mainly based on CO₂ flux measurements by chamber techniques or the micrometeorological eddy covariance (EC) method. However, evidence about the reliability and comparability of annual CO₂ balances based on these methods is scarce. Therefore, manual chamber measurements of ecosystem respiration (R_ECO) and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) were conducted for two years (March 2012–April 2014) to model annual balances of two sites on fen soils with different land use intensity in northern Germany: an unutilized and rewetted grassland (UG) and an intensively utilized wet grassland (GW). Simultaneously, EC measurements of NEE were conducted on the sites. Two reasons for occasionally great deviations in NEE between the methods could be observed: (1) the accordance of both methods was most hampered during transition periods such as the beginning of the growing season and the onset of regrowth after a grassland defoliation due to different spatial scales of EC and chamber measurements and (2) R_ECO and gross primary production (GPP) partitioned from EC NEE measurements were systematically lower than those from the chamber‐based model, which could be a result of the EC energy balance gap. Differences were more pronounced for the managed site GW as a result of more frequent regrowth periods. It is concluded that the EC and chamber method can show comparable results for the CO₂ exchange of grasslands on fen soils when the limitations of both methods are known and considered for the reporting of emission factors. These limitations are due to energy balance closure and potentially biased footprints for EC and a restricted representativeness especially during early stages of plant development for the chamber method.     

Changes in NMR Relaxation of Rice Grains,Kernel Quality and Physicochemical Properties in Response to a High Temperature after Flowering in Heat-Tolerant and Heat-Sensitive Rice Cultivars

Abstract

Rice productivity is related to the ability of plants to adapt to heat stress. The heat-tolerant cultivars ‘Nikomaru’ and ‘Chikushi 64’ and heat-sensitive cultivar ‘Hinohikari’ were grown at 30ºC and 25ºC for 49 days after flowering. At 30ºC, only a few white immature kernels were produced in ‘Nikomaru’ and ‘Chikushi 64’, but about 22% of grains had immature kernels in ‘Hinohikari’. The high temperature(30ºC) caused no significant changes in grain dry weight, water content, and the NMR T₁ value during the early ripening stage in ‘Nikomaru’ and ‘Chikushi 64’. It also did not affect grain development, especially with respect to the nucellar epidermis, in ‘Nikomaru’ and ‘Chikushi 64’, but caused clear cessation of development of the nucellar epidermis at 14 days after flowering in ‘Hinohikari’. In addition, high temperature decreased the amylose content and increased hardnessvs. adhesion ratio of cooked rice in both ‘Nikomaru’ and ‘Chikushi 64’ resulting a softer, less sticky texture, but not in ‘Hinohikari’. The maximum viscosity and breakdown values were increased, and final viscosity decreased at 30ºC in all three cultivars. These results suggested that starch in the endosperm of grains changed from a fluid state to a doughy state more slowly in ‘Nikomaru’ and ‘Chikushi 64’ than in ‘Hinohikari’, in which the water content and NMR relaxation time decreased, and transported assimilates accumulated slowly during grain development.     

Study on Expression of Bcl-2 and PCNA Genes in Testicular Tissue of Chickens,Quails and Chicken-quail Hybrids

In order to investigate the molecular mechanism of stunted growth testis of chicken (♂) and quail (♀) hybrids. 84 testicular tissue samples of New Roman cocks, male Korean quails and chicken-quail hybrids at different developmental stages were collected,the mRNA expression of Bcl-2 and PCNA genes in testicular tissue of cocks, quails and chicken-quail hybrids at different growth stages were detected using Real-time PCR. The results showed that the Bcl-2 and PCNA genes mRNA expression patterns in testes of chickens and quails at different growth stages were similar.The Bcl-2 gene was fluctuated in a whole, and decreased to the lowest value, then recovered rapidly and remained at a high level. The PCNA gene had a very significant peak value.Compared with the chicken and quail,the expression of Bcl-2 and PCNA genes mRNA in hybrids had no obvious change, which indicated that the pattern of the Bcl-2 gene regulation apoptosis in testis was different from chicken and quail at the hybrid testicular development process, and there was no obvious cell appreciation process.It was suggested that the molecular influencing factors of testicular dysplasia of chicken and quail hybrids were related to the abnormal expression of Bcl-2 and PCNA genes mRNA in testes.The results provided an important reference for the further study of the mechanism of testicular dysplasia between chicken and quail interspecific hybrids.