超声波强化超临界CO2萃取柞蚕油的工艺

柞蚕幼虫虫体干物质中含有丰富的脂肪,而且含有β-蜕皮激素、细胞色素C、保幼激素等多种功能性成分,具有很高的保健功效和营养价值。为了高效开发利用柞蚕资源,以柞蚕5龄幼虫为材料,探讨以超声波技术强化用超临界CO2萃取(SCE)方法萃取柞蚕油的效率,并进一步优化工艺条件中的萃取温度、压力、时间、原料细度等因素。结果表明,与SCE法比较,采用超声波强化超临界CO2萃取(SSCE)的方法能提高柞蚕油的生产效率和萃取得率,节约生产成本和降低生产能耗。采用SSCE法萃取柞蚕油的最佳工艺条件为:温度50℃,时间90 min,压力15 MPa,原料细度110目。在此工艺条件下,用SSCE法对柞蚕油的萃取率可达到13.88%。     

T-2毒素研究进展

T-2毒素是污染我国饲料的主要霉菌毒素,主要危害动物的造血组织和免疫器官,引起出血性综合征,出现白细胞减少、贫血,使胃肠道功能受损等,对畜禽健康和畜牧业生产的危害很大.本文主要从T-2毒素的一般性质、产毒菌株、毒性效应、毒性机制及预防控制等方面作了论述.     

Radiosensitivity and capacity for radiation-induced sublethal damage repair of canine transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) cell lines

Understanding the inherent radiosensitivity and repair capacity of canine transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) can aid in optimizing radiation protocols to treat this disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the parameters surviving fraction at 2 Gy (SF(2) ), α/β ratio and capacity for sublethal damage repair (SLDR) in response to radiation. Dose-response and split-dose studies were performed using the clonogenic assay. The mean SF(2) for three established TCC cell lines was high at 0.61. All the three cell lines exhibited a low to moderate α/β ratio, with the mean being 3.27. Two cell lines exhibited statistically increased survival at 4 and 24 h in the dose-response assay. Overall, our results indicate that the cell lines are moderately radioresistant, have a high repair capacity and behave similarly to a late-responding normal tissue. These findings indicate that the radiation protocols utilizing higher doses with less fractionation may be more effective for treating TCC.     

云南松松塔提取物对H22实体瘤小鼠模型的抑瘤作用

研究云南松松塔乙醇提取物(PEA)和碱水提取醇沉物(PED)对H22实体瘤小鼠的抑瘤作用。建立H22实体瘤小鼠模型,随机分组,灌胃给药,1次/d,给药10d。末次给药24h后,取血检测γ干扰素(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)和白细胞介素-10(IL-10)含量;剥离肿瘤组织并称重,计算抑瘤率;检测肿瘤组织匀浆中环氧化酶-2(COX-2)和前列腺素E2(PGE2)含量;石蜡包埋HE染色观察肿瘤细胞病理组织学变化。结果显示,PEA和PED各剂量组小鼠平均肿瘤重量较模型组显著减小;最大抑瘤率分别达46.11%和58.05%。PEA和PED各剂量组小鼠外周血中IFN-γ和IL-2含量较模型组显著升高;IL-4和IL-10含量较模型组显著降低。PEA和PED各剂量组小鼠肿瘤组织中COX-2和PGE2含量较模型组显著减少;给药组正常肿瘤组织减少,有出血和坏死,脂肪组织增多。结果表明,PEA和PED可抑制H22实体瘤小鼠的肿瘤生长,其机制与调节Th1/Th2细胞平衡和抑制COX-2与PGE2的表达有关。     

Influence of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (Imuthiol) on lymphocyte function and growth in weanling pigs

Mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions, interleukin-2 (IL-2) production, and growth performance were evaluated in 3-week-old pigs treated with imuthiol. Lymphocyte proliferative responses to Con A and PWM were reduced (P < 0.05) in pigs treated with imuthiol at 25 mg/kg; PHA proliferative responses were not influenced by imuthiol treatment. Imuthiol at 2.5 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg lowered IL-2 production when compared to saline-treated controls. Delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to PHA were higher in 25 mg/kg imuthiol-treated pigs; however, 2.5 mg/kg imuthiol-treated pigs had lower DHT reactions. Imuthiol at 2.5 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg reduced (P < 0.05) average daily feed intake. These data suggest that in vivo imuthiol treatment in pigs lowers lymphocyte proliferative responses, IL-2 production, and growth performance.     

玉屏风散对小鼠β防御素-2基因表达的影响

研究玉屏风散益气固表、提高机体对环境病因抵抗力的机理。实验组6只小鼠以玉屏风散水煎液灌胃10 d,对照组6只小鼠给予同体积生理盐水,处死动物后提取肺组织总RNA,通过实时荧光定量PCR测定小鼠在灌服玉屏风散水煎液后β防御素-2基因表达水平。结果实验组小鼠β防御素-2基因的相对表达量是对照组的9.327倍。表明玉屏风散增强机体抵抗力与其可上调β防御素-2基因的表达从而提高机体非特异性免疫力有关。     

长安区不同性质土层CO2释放规律研究

通过对长安双竹村夏、秋季不同性质土层CO2释放量的测定,本文研究了不同性质土层CO2释放规律及其差异。资料表明,从当日早晨到次日早晨,不同性质土层土壤CO2释放量均呈现由低到高再到低的变化规律;土壤CO2释放量与土层性质有密切关系,马兰黄土土层CO2释放量最高,其次是黏性土,释放量最低的是含砾石中细砂土;土层CO2释放量变化与气温的变化呈现负相关。     

斯氏艾美耳球虫ITS1-5.8S rRNA-ITS2序列的克隆及PCR检测方法的建立

通过对多种鸡球虫和松鼠球虫18SrRNA和28SrRNA进行序列比对分析,在18SrRNA 3′端和28SrRNA 5′端保守区设计艾美耳属通用引物,以斯氏艾美耳球虫洛阳分离株LY卵囊基因组DNA为模板首次成功克隆到斯氏艾美耳球虫完整的ITS1-5.8SrRNA-ITS2序列,其大小为1 178bp,其中ITS1序列长度为423bp,5.8SrRNA为155bp,ITS2为600bp,斯氏艾美耳球虫LY株ITS1/2序列高度变异,与鸡球虫、啮齿动物球虫的序列相似性低于60%。然后在斯氏艾美耳球虫ITS1/2序列超变区设计种特异引物,建立了灵敏、特异的PCR检测方法。本研究结果将为兔球虫强致病种的临床诊断和揭示兔球虫种群遗传特征提供有效的分子工具。     

IBDV野毒株主要结构蛋白基因RT─PCR方法的建立

借助计算机软件，在分析比较了９个传染性法氏囊病病毒（ＩＢＤＶ）Ａ片段结构蛋白基因的基础上，设计并合成了２对ＶＰ２和ＶＰ３基因ＰＣＲ引物，经ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ反应条件优化选择，成功地建立了ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ方法，用于扩增ＩＢＤＶＶＰ２和ＶＰ３基因，经琼脂糖凝胶电泳和分子杂交鉴定，获得４个ＩＢＤＶ野毒株ＶＰ２和ＶＰ３基因，为ＩＢＤＶ分子生物学研究奠定了基础