美洲鲥当年鱼种池塘大棚越冬养殖试验

于2017—2019年采用在池塘上方搭建简易保温大棚的方式开展了美洲鲥当年鱼种越冬养殖试验,研究探讨了越冬养殖相关的技术参数。结果显示:搭建保温大棚后,冬季池塘水温可保持在10℃以上,在美洲鲥当年鱼种(0+龄鱼种,平均体长12.45~16.65 cm,平均体质量27.29~66.41 g)放养密度为1518~2970尾/亩(15亩=1 hm^2,下同)和81.04~100.78 kg/亩的条件下,在越冬前中期(12月至次年3月中旬),日投饲量在0.8~1.6 kg/亩,越冬后期(次年3月中旬至4月上中旬),日投饲量也由2.0 kg/亩左右迅速增加到4.0~5.0 kg/亩。经过125~130 d的越冬养殖,鱼种平均体长达17.48~21.19 cm,增长28.04%~40.40%,平均体质量77.57~137.96 g/尾,增加了106.53%~184.24%,鱼种的体长和体质量特定生长率分别为(0.193~0.261)%/d和(0.585~0.804)%/d,日均增长量和日增重分别为0.036~0.039 cm/d和0.387~0.572 g/d;收获时美洲鲥鱼的肥满度为1.42~1.43 g/cm3,养殖成活率为89.29%~94.81%,饲料系数为1.50~1.65,亩产量为198.50~205.68 kg。试验结果表明,在江浙地区,养殖池塘上方搭建保温大棚后,冬季池塘水温(10~20℃)在美洲鲥当年鱼种的适宜水温范围,能获得较理想的越冬养殖效果。     

淡水池塘网箱养殖漠斑牙鲆试验报告

通过对漠斑牙鲆淡水池塘网箱养殖试验,掌握了该品种的生活习性,探索出漠斑牙鲆内陆地区淡水养殖模式,总结出养殖过程中应采取的技术措施。25m~2网箱总产漠斑牙鲆102．9 kg,平均单产4．12 kg/m~2,平均规格为306．25 g/尾,成活率达84%。     

池塘养殖尾水灌溉稻蟹共生稻田中水稻的生长

为了探求新型稻渔共作模式对水稻生长及产量的影响,在宁夏回族自治区银川市贺兰县光明渔村开展了新型稻渔共作模式的实践。不同情况下稻田灌溉模式影响了水稻的生长以及产量。实验分为每隔5 d灌溉一次鱼塘水,每隔7 d灌溉一次鱼塘水以及不灌溉鱼塘水。水稻种植品种为“吉宏6号”,水稻平均亩产544.97kg,总体旱田亩产量高于水田,不同灌溉周期亩产量5 d灌溉一次>7 d灌溉一次>不灌溉鱼塘水。地上部分生物量旱田大于水田。灰色关联度分布为0.576～0.907。各水稻根茎秆构成因子与水稻产量关联度由强到弱排序依次为：根长（0.907）＞秆基部外径(0.863)=穗基部外径(0.863)＞秆长(0.846)＞株高(0.829)＞穗长(0.776),其中与水稻产量关联度最大的根茎秆构成因子是根长,关联度最小的是穗长;水稻产量构成因子与水稻产量关联度由强到弱排序依次为：有效穗数(0.869)＞穗粒数(0.847)＞生物量(0.813)＞结实率(0.806)＞千粒质量(0.759)＞每公顷穴数(0.715)＞根干质量（0.625）＞成穗率(0.576),其中与水稻产量关联度最大的产量构成因子是有效穗数,关联度最小的是成穗率。     

基于氮磷负荷的淡水池塘河蟹养殖容量估算

于2019年5—11月对4个河蟹淡水养殖实验池塘（T1、T2、T3和T4）水质及河道补给水源水质进行监测,基于氮磷负荷及尾水排放标准,采用2种模型对养殖容量和最佳养殖密度进行估算。结果显示：整个养殖周期内实验蟹塘TN均满足地表Ⅲ类水质标准,TP在养殖前期超标,末期优于Ⅲ类水质标准;以磷排放标准估算,T1、T2、T3和T4在1个养殖周期内的养殖容量分别为4 835、3 894、5 035和4 546 kg,养殖密度分别为12 012、12 249、12 154和16 770只/hm²,4个池塘均可大量增养;以氮排放标准估算,T1、T2、T3和T4在1个养殖周期内的养殖容量分别为3 786、2 999、3 948和3 401 kg,养殖密度分别为9 406、9 432、9 530和12 547只/hm²,T1、T2、T3均可增养50%以上,T4还可增养19.75%。结合4个实验池塘实际养殖状况,该养殖实验池塘河蟹养殖容量为2 006~2 598 kg/hm²,养殖密度为10 229~13 296只/hm²较为适宜;相较于磷排放标准,基于氮排放标准估算的养殖容量偏低,这可能与养殖池塘补给水源水质氮含量超标有关。     

罗氏沼虾养殖塘草甘膦残留特征及生态风险评估

为了解罗氏沼虾养殖环境中草甘膦除草剂的残留特征及其生态风险,于2019年5月至10月,对上海市金山区三口罗氏沼虾养殖塘养殖水、沉积物及塘埂土样品中草甘膦的浓度进行监测,并采用商值法对养殖水和沉积物中草甘膦的生态风险进行评估。结果显示：养殖周期内,养殖塘水中草甘膦的检出率为46.7%,最大残留值为57 μg/L;虾塘沉积物及塘埂土中草甘膦的检出率分别为83.3%和77.8%,最大残留值分别为1149 μg/kg和5057 μg/kg。生态风险评估结果显示,养殖周期内养殖水中残留草甘膦对所选敏感生物的生态风险等级主要为无明显风险和中等风险,沉积物中残留草甘膦对所选敏感生物的生态风险等级主要为中等风险和低风险。研究表明,金山区罗氏沼虾养殖环境中草甘膦的残留水平与国内外其他地区相比处于中等水平,主要来源为塘埂除草时草甘膦除草剂的使用,养殖塘水及沉积物中残留草甘膦对罗氏沼虾养殖存在潜在风险。     

青海高原花斑裸鲤苗种池塘规模化培育技术

花斑裸鲤(Gymnocypris eckloni)是青海重要的土著鱼类,也是开展黄河流域增殖放流的重要鱼类之一。为给增殖放流提供持续的种质资源,研究和总结了近年来在青海高原条件下花斑裸鲤苗种池塘规模化培育的设施条件、饲料投喂、日常管理及鱼病防治等关键技术。     

南美白对虾养殖应重视的几个问题

根据南美白对虾的养殖经验,提出了池塘大小、池水透明度、水质pH值适宜范围和虾苗选择的有关事宜。总结了南美白对虾各个生育期的塘间管理、水质调控、饵料投放等技术以及在养殖过程中应注意的问题及解决办法。     

Effects of Biofilter/Culture Tank Volume Ratios on Productivity of a Recirculating Fish/Vegetable Co-Culture System

Abstract

The effects of four biofilter volume (BFV)/culture tank volume ratios (0.67/1, 1.00/1, 1.50/1, and 2.25/1) on biofilter function were examined in a recirculating fish/vegetable production system in a greenhouse. Sand beds served as biofilters, as substrate for vegetable growth, and as location for decomposition of waste solids. No fertilizer was used. Three experiments were conducted over the course of one year. In Experiment 1, as the BF V/tank volume ratio increased, total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN) and nitrite concentrations decreased (9.0 to 3.6 mg/L and 0.39 to 0.20 mg/L, respectively), and biomass increase over the culture period and oxygen levels increased significantly (13.34 to 16.03 kg/m³ and 6.03 to 6.47 mg/L, respectively). pH was maintained at 5.8-6.2 without the addition of lime. Yield per plant of the tomato variety ‘Laura’ tended to decrease (3.4 to 2.3 kg/plant), and yield per plot increased (13.6 to 31.6 kg/plant) with increasing BFV/tank ratio. In Experiment 2, the system was operated for 42 days without plants. pH dropped rapidly to near 4.0. Cucumbers were then planted, and weekly additions of lime and CaO were made. Significantly less CaO was required to achieve target pH in systems with the largest BFV/tank ratios. pH levels conducive to good plant growth were only slowly stabilized, and cucumber yields were erratic. TAN and nitrite levels were not measured, but fish grew well (5.2 to 7.2 kg/m³ with increasing BFV/tank ratio). By Experiment 3, with the tomato variety ‘Kewalo,’ TAN and nitrite concentrations decreased from 0.96 to 0.48 mg/L and from 0.06 to 0.02 mg/L, respectively, with increasing BFV/tank ratio, and in the latter part of the experiment, pH was stabilized at 6.3-6.5 without lime. Yield/plant decreased from 5.0 to 2.4 kg/plant and yield per plot increased from 19.9 to 33.1 kg/plot with increasing BFV/tank ratio. Daily water exchanges averaged 2.8%. Nutrient concentrations of the irrigation water after a year's operation were low overall. Although plants showed no deficiency or toxicity symptoms, K⁺ was found to be low and Zn⁺⁺ high relative to other ions. No clogging was observed in the sand beds. Carbon measurements ± SEM of the sand medium at the wastewater inlet of the smallest and largest BFV/tank ratio systems were 0.23 ±0.03%, and 0.15 ±0.01%, respectively. Nitrogen was below detectable levels (<0.04%). The enhanced biofil-ter/culture tank ratios used here resulted in a functionally well balanced fish/vegetable co-culture system. While needing refinement, this design represents a step towards a highly productive, low-tech system with efficient use of water, chemical, and labor resources.     

Evaluation of Lime Requirement Procedures and Liming Materials for Aquaculture Ponds in Thailand

Abstract

There were strong correlations between soil pH and pHof water (R² = 0.810) and total alkalinity (R² = 0.724) in laboratory soil-water systems prepared with acidic rainwater and pond soil samples from Thailand. Moreover, water pH and total alkalinity were highly correlated (R² = 0.987). Although soil carbonate concentration was not correlated with total alkalinity, there was a correlation between the product of soil carbonate and soil organic carbon and total alkalinity (R² = 0.482). Other soil properties, exchange acidity, cation exchange capacity, base saturation, and total sulfur, were either not correlated or weakly correlated with total alkalinity. Total alkalinity did not exceed 20 mg/L except in systems with soils containing free carbonate. A method that estimates the amount of liming material needed to completely base-saturate bottom soils and provides an excess of carbonate, should be used in Thailand and other places. Calcitic agricultural limestone gave higher total alkalinity concentration in soil-water systems than dolomitic agricultural limestone. There usually would be no justification for selecting higher-priced dolomitic limestone for use in ponds.     

西瓜杂交制种授粉技术分析

宁夏盐池县引进西瓜杂交制种试验,平均产种26kg/667m2,收入千元,由于方法简单收入稳定,农民乐意接受。通过几年的实践,西瓜杂交制种中严格隔离、严格去杂去劣尤为重要,现总结出各生育期的关键技术环节。