一例鸡痘的病理学观察

一日雅安某鸡场送检10只病鸡,笔者采集病鸡的心、肝、脾、肺、肾、皮肤等器官作病理切片,进行HE染色,镜检。结果在病鸡皮肤棘皮层细胞质内观察到大量的嗜酸性包涵体。此外还对病鸡作了禽流感和鸡瘟的血清学鉴别诊断,均呈阴性反应。结合临床及病理资料,初步诊断该病例为鸡痘感染。     

兴隆山保护区日照时数观测研究

兴隆山保护区在1987年至2007年21年间,采取定点定人定时观测,得出：年平均日照时数是1747.9 h,低于全国该线的日照时数852.1 h;月日照时数是平均145.7 h,范围在181.9 h至116.5 h之间,最多出现在7月,最低出现在10月;日照时数变化很大,平均4.8 h,最长7月,达9h,最短10月,只有1.7 h,形成很大差异.其因是兴隆山林区周边有高山、森林、云、降水、雾霾和水蒸气较多遮挡所致.     

冰雹的形成及地面观测

冰雹是由强对流天气系统引起的一种剧烈的气象灾害,在此主要介绍冰雹的形成,归纳总结冰雹地面观测的要点和注意事项,旨在对今后观测冰雹起一定的指导作用。     

川榛柱头可授性及花粉管生长特性的研究

以川榛为实验材料,以平榛和平欧杂种榛为对照,采用荧光显微法观察不同环境条件、不同授粉方式、不同花序形态、不同授粉时间柱头上花粉的附着数量、花粉萌发率和花粉管的生长特性,以期确定川榛最佳可授期和授粉方式,掌握花粉萌发所需的适宜温湿度。结果表明:川榛不同花期柱头可授性大小为:盛花期末花期露红期;川榛疏散状花序的可授性优于直簇状,平刷授粉效率优于点授;在加双层湿滤纸的培养皿高湿度条件下,花粉管萌发和生长速度先于温室和田间条件,说明湿润温和的环境更利于川榛花粉的附着、萌发和花粉管的生长;环境温湿度和种质对花粉管萌发具有重要影响,花粉管的生长速度受环境温湿度的影响较大,与种质无关。     

土壤温度时间序列预测的BP神经网络模型研究

针对滨海盐溃区表层土壤温度时序变化复杂、高度非线性的特点,以江苏省苏北典型滩涂区域为研究对象,综合运用BP神经网络和时间序列多维拓展的方法,对长期定位监测点表土层土壤温度时间序列数据进行了分析和预测,为土壤溶质运移研究与当地作物合理布局提供理论基础和参考依据。结果表明,输入层、隐含层和输出层神经元数目分别为7、7和1的3层BP神经网络模型用于土壤温度时间序列训练仿真时效果最优,其误差平方和达最小值18．017。选定的此结构BP神经网络模型简单、实用,有良好的推广泛化能力,经独立测试样本检验,预测值与实测值的相对误差均在20％以内,平均相对误差仅为2．94％,可满足土壤温度日常预报的需要。     

延安市高粱新品种引进试验

为了筛选出适合延安市种植的高粱品种,从山西省和辽宁省引入优良高粱品种开展了品种比较试验,并按照最适播种条件进行统一播种和管理。结果表明,综合抗性、产量和品质等因素,晋杂25、辽粘6号、辽粘3号、辽2297和龙杂产量较高,抗性较强,适合进一步试验推广。     

Movements of dams milked for fermented horse milk production in Mongolia

Airag, (Fermented horse milk) is a traditional milk product in Mongolia. Herders separate foals from their dams and tie them at a milking site during the daytime to produce airag. To evaluate the effects of horse management on the movement of dams, we tracked three dams in a herd in camp 1 during summer and camp 2 during autumn of 2013 and analyzed their movements during the milking (daytime) and non‐milking (nighttime) periods in an area famous for its high‐quality airag. Dams were gathered every 1.7 ± 0.0 h between 07.46 and 15.47 hours at the milking sites and milked 4.6 ± 0.2 times/day during the study period (86 days). Daily cumulative and maximum linear distances from the milking sites were longer (P < 0.01) during the non‐milking period than during the milking period. Daily home ranges were 91 and 26 times greater during the non‐milking period (P < 0.001) in camps 1 and 2, respectively. The greater range during the non‐milking period would reflect the spatial distributions of water, salt and forage. The dams initially used similar areas and gradually shifted their daily home ranges after several days. This shift suggests that the dams grazed farther afield as forage availability declined around the milking site. For better airag production and sustainable pasture use, our results provide insights useful for evaluating the effects of milking management on vegetation and soil in those pastures, for selecting the appropriate milking times and frequency, and for choosing the right timing to shift milking sites.     

家蚕微孢子虫(Nosema bombycis)孢壁蛋白提取方法的优化研究

分别用SDS法、煮沸法、碱溶法和Brosson法,提取家蚕微孢子虫孢壁蛋白,并对孢壁蛋白及处理后的孢子形态进行比较研究。结果表明,不同方法处理后的孢子形态均保持完整,SDS处理后孢子为短杆状且明显变得粗壮,煮沸处理后孢子变小呈梭形,其他方法处理的孢子均有膨胀现象。SDS-PAGE检测显示,SDS法提取的孢壁蛋白出现3条明显的主带,煮沸法提取的孢壁蛋白出现5条明显的主带,0.1 mol/L KOH提取的孢壁蛋白出现2条主带;而Brosson法提取的孢壁蛋白呈现出20~30条带,体现了家蚕微孢子虫孢壁蛋白组成的复杂性,并适合于孢壁蛋白质组学的研究。     

Microscopic observations of bacterial sorption in soil cores

 Bacterial cells may be immobilized in soil through adsorption to a variety of soil particles. These associations affect the interaction of native soil microbes with their nutrient sources and control at least in part the distribution of foreign bacteria entering the soil system. To observe the relationship between soil structure and adsorption of amended bacterial cells, a series of intact cores of Freehold fine sandy loam were inoculated with suspensions of Arthrobacter crystallopoietes cells at concentrations ranging from 10⁶ to 10⁸ cells per ml. The cells were cultivated in a glucose-based medium to induce spherical cell formation. Following inoculation, the soil cores were rinsed with sterile water (30–40 ml h^–1), flushed with thiazine red R to stain the bacterial cells, and then prepared for examination by common micromorphological techniques. The use of fluorescence, polarizing, and reflected light microscopy of soil thin sections, allowed direct, qualitative determinations of microbial distribution and associations with soil components. A. crystallopoietes cells were detected throughout the length of the soil columns. Soil pores did not appear to be clogged by the spherical A. crystallopoietes cells. Adsorption of amended bacteria was governed by the presence of both variably charged mineral oxides and organic matter within the intergrain microaggregates and occurred along coated mineral surfaces. Amendment of non-inoculated soil columns with 0.2% (w/v) solution of glucose demonstrated that the staining and sectioning procedure was sufficiently sensitive to detect growth of indigenous bacterial populations and their distributions within the soil matrix. Received; 6 April 1997     

黄家二岔小流域土壤水分空间分布特征

该文采用定位观测和谐波分析的方法对黄家二岔小流域土壤水分空间分布特征进行了研究．结果表明： 无论何种降雨年型, 流域内中游地段土壤含水量最高, 下游地段土壤含水量高于上游, 坡下部的高于坡上部, 阴坡高于阳坡．