木质原料热解及活性炭结构的研究

以椰壳为代表原料进行热解研究，用热重分析法分析了椰壳热分解的机理。与一般木质原料一样，椰壳也是由半纤维素、纤维素和木质素构成，椰壳中的半纤维素的分解温度在200～260℃，纤维素的分解温度在260～295℃，木质素的分解温度在295～320℃。本研究还探讨了椰壳炭的孔结构参数，炭化温度425～720℃，其微孔容积为0．124～O．222mL／g，并用扫描电子显微镜观察了椰壳炭的表面形貌，椰壳在热分解时，细胞壁分解形成了微米级的大孔，并保留了椰壳的纤维状结构。采用离子发射光谱，分析了椰壳炭的微量元素组成，主要有铝、钡、铁、镁、钙、硅等。     

脱羧腰果壳液在涂料中的应用

采用天然植物油（脱羧腰果壳液）、己二异异氰酸酯和聚乙二醇在较温和的条件下反应，制得了水溶性的氨基甲酸酯加成物，以此和低醚化度甲醚三聚氰氨甲醚甲醛树脂制备了水性涂料。研究了配方和性能的关系，确定了最佳配方，产品性能为：D工0．56，冲击强度50kg.cm;附着力2级；柔性性0．5mm；耐100℃沸水合格。该工艺为腰果壳液的综合利用开辟了一条新的途径。     

Comparing the model forms estimating generalised diameter-height relationships in Tecomella undulata plantations in hot arid region of India

Four generalised diameter-height equations were developed and compared for pure and even-aged stands of Tecomella undulata in hot arid region of Rajasthan State in India. The data used to fit the equations consisted of 1 540 diameter-height observations collected from the plots laid out in uniformly stocked stands of varying age and density. The performance of four equations was tested by non-linear least squares regression and evaluated using different statistical criteria. Finally, these equations, with the same values of coefficients ob- tained during the fitting phase, were validated by an independent data set consisting of 854 diameter-height observations. Overall, equation （4） （Hui and Gadow function） was found to perform best for both the fitting data set as well as validation data set.     

含铜氮配键腰果酚醛缩聚物的特性及表征

腰果酚醛树脂中含有较活泼的酚羟基，略显酸性，易受碱的腐蚀。先由共缩聚法得到以苯胺改性的腰果酚醛缩聚物，再使之与CuCl2反应，合成含铜一氮配键腰果酚醛缩聚物。用IR、动态粘弹谱(DMTA)、TG和其他手段对产物的结构和理化性能进行表征。结果表明，金属铜离子与苯胺分子中氮原子形成配位健，增大了涂膜内部的交联度，使分子链间形成更大的网状结构。因此，含铜-氮配键腰果酚醛涂膜的物理机械性能、热稳定性、耐化学介质尤其是耐碱性能得到很大的改善。     

Optimal dietary protein requirement for juvenile ivory shell, Babylonia areolate

A growth experiment was conducted to determine the optimal dietary protein requirement for juvenile ivory shell reared in indoor aerated aquaria. Six isoenergetic experimental diets using fish meal, casein and gelatin as protein sources were formulated to contain graded levels of protein (27, 33, 38, 43, 49 and 54% of dry diet, respectively). Triplicate groups of 40 shells (average weight 93.50 ± 1.70 mg) were stocked in 120-l tanks and fed to apparent satiation twice daily for 8 weeks. The results showed that the growth performance and feed utilization were significantly affected by dietary protein level (P < 0.05). Maximum weight gain, mean protein gain, specific growth rate and soft body to shell ratio occurred at 43% dietary protein level (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in protein, lipid, moisture and ash content in soft body; except that ash content in shell was not significantly affected by dietary protein level. Pepsin activity in soft body tissue significantly increased with dietary protein level up to 43%, and trypsin-like enzyme activity increased with dietary protein level up to 49%. However, lipase activity in soft body decreased with increasing dietary protein level. However, no significant differences (P < 0.05) in survival, calcium, phosphorus concentration in the shell and soft body were found among dietary treatments. Quadratic regression analysis of weight gain against dietary protein level indicated that the optimal dietary protein requirement for maximum growth and feed utilization of juvenile ivory shell is 45% of dry diet.     

Effect of water temperature and chlorophyll abundance on shell growth of the Japanese pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata martensii, in suspended culture at different depths and sites

To understand the relationships between shell growth and some environmental factors, we examined the relationships between water temperature or chlorophyll abundance and the shell growth of the Japanese pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata martensii, suspended at three different depths at two sites. Growth in height, length and thickness of the shells were limited by water temperature during winter (< 20 °C), whereas growth in thickness correlated with food abundance, measured as chlorophyll, during early summer (> 20 °C). These results suggest that the shell of P. fucata martensii could grow well at locations with greater abundance of food and adequate water temperatures (20–26 °C), resulting in a longer growing season.     

常见降压动物药研究进展

高血压为目前最常见的慢性病,严重威胁人类健康。随着近年来对治疗和控制高血压药物的各方面研究的积极开展,具有降压和控制血压稳定性的动物药越来越引人关注。本文对近年来降压动物药的试验研究,临床应用和其药理作用的研究进展进行了整理,通过对牛黄、地龙等常见动物药在高血压治疗和控制上的研究概况的介绍,综述了降压动物药的研究进展。     

Optimizing intertidal Pacific oyster (Thunberg) culture, Houhora Harbour, northern New Zealand

Experiments were designed to determine the optimum intertidal rack height and growing density for producing Pacific oysters free of mudworm infestations and flatworm predators in the Houhora Harbour, northern New Zealand. At the same level, oysters grew to a larger size in the front of the farm (seaward) compared with those towards the rear (shoreward). Two experimental ‘step racks’ were constructed to test for the optimum oyster growth rates, oyster condition, shell density and degree of mudworm shell blistering. When experimental results were ranked for each rack level, extreme low water neap (ELWN) was the optimum growing level for the back of the farm, and 0.25 m above ELWN was the optimum growing level for the front of the farm. An efficient kill of flatworm predators was not achieved by any of the control methods tried, so avoidance of infestations is advised. The optimum density of oysters on a 1.2‐m stick required to achieve maximum condition, shell density and ideal shell shape was 4–5 dozen.     

淡水小龙虾头中甲壳素的EDTA法提取工艺研究

以淡水小龙虾头为原料,采用EDTA法提取甲壳素,在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验筛选最佳工艺条件。试验结果表明:以13%的EDTA溶液作提取溶剂,在反应温度30℃、pH 12、投料比1∶15、反应25 min的条件下,提取效果最佳,提取率达24.05%,反应前后的脱钙和脱蛋白率分别为100.0%和98.6%。     

花叶玉簪组织培养技术的研究

以花叶玉簪‘France’,‘So Sweet’2个品种嫩芽为外植体进行的组织培养技术研究结果表明,以培养基MS+2.0 mg/L 6-BA+1.0 mg/L NAA诱导不定芽萌发较为适宜;在培养基MS+3.0 mg/L 6-BA+1.0 mg/L NAA上进行不定芽增殖,诱导效果最好,增殖系数分别达3.5和3.4,且植株生长健壮。最适宜的生根培养基为1/2MS+0.5mg/L NAA+1 g/L活性炭。