波纹巴非蛤的形态分析与营养成分评价

文章分析了波纹巴非蛤（Paphia undulate）的形态性状、出肉率及蛤肉的主要营养成分,并综合评价了其营养价值。结果显示,波纹巴非蛤的出肉率达35．73％;蛤肉中蛋白质占鲜质量的12．8％;18种氨基酸总量约占干质量的46．21％,其中8种必需氨基酸（EAA）占氨基酸总量的34．67％,4种鲜味氨基酸占氨基酸总量的41．94％;牛磺酸（Tau）的质量分数较高,占干质量的3．03％;不饱和脂肪酸（UFA）占脂肪酸总量的51．9％,C22：6（DHA）和C20：5（EPA）共占32．8％;矿物质丰富,尤其是钾（K）元素的质量分数高达3．407mg·g-1。     

波纹巴非蛤活性肽的酶法提取及其抗氧化性研究

[目的]为波纹巴非蛤活性成分的提取分离及利用提供理论依据。[方法]以波纹巴非蛤为原料,采用木瓜蛋白酶水解法制备波纹巴非蛤活性肽复合物,并对所制备的活性肽复合物进行分离纯化,采用铁氰化钾法测定不同分子量区间的波纹巴非蛤活性肽复合物的抗氧化性。[结果]波纹巴非蛤活性肽复合物具有一定的还原能力,说明其具有一定的抗氧化活性;经2步葡聚糖凝胶色谱法结合双缩脲法和茚三酮法定性鉴定所得到的波纹巴非蛤活性肽的分子量多集中在2000～10000U之间,洗脱体积为30～50ml;波纹巴非蛤活性肽的抗氧化能力与其分子量大小有关,分子量为2065.4U的活性肽复合物抗氧化性最强。[结论]确定了抗氧化能力最强的波纹巴非蛤可溶性活性肽的分子量。     

盐度与pH对3种南方贝类呼吸率和钙化率的影响

测定了近江牡蛎(Crassostrea rivularis)、翡翠贻贝(Perna viridis)和波纹巴非蛤(Paphia undulata)3种南方重要养殖贝类在20、25、30和35共计4个盐度梯度和8.1、7.7、7.3和7.0共计4个pH梯度下的呼吸率和钙化率。结果表明,盐度和pH对3种贝类的呼吸率和钙化率均有显著影响(P0.05);盐度为20~35,近江牡蛎的呼吸率和钙化率均随盐度的升高而降低,而翡翠贻贝和波纹巴非蛤在盐度为20~30时,呼吸率和钙化率随盐度的升高而升高,盐度30~35时,随盐度的升高而下降。pH为8.1~7.0时,3种贝类的呼吸率和钙化率均随着pH的下降而显著性下降(P0.05)。     

Effects of diet, stocking density and environmental factors on growth, survival and metamorphosis of clam, Paphia malabarica (Chemnitz) larvae

A series of experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of diet, stocking density and environmental factors on the growth, survival and metamorphosis of short neck clam Paphia malabarica larvae. These experiments examined the following factors: diet [ Isochrysis galbana , Nannochloropsis salina and a mixture of I. galbana and N. salina (1:1 w/w)], stocking density (1, 3, 5 and 7 larvae mL⁻¹), light intensity (unshaded, partially shaded and fully shaded) and water filtration (unfiltered and sand filtered). Results indicated that N. salina could replace 50% of I. galbana as a food source for the clam larvae with an increase in growth, survival (47.2%), metamorphosis (33.5%) and early settlement. Larval growth decreased significantly with increasing stocking density. A density of 1–3 larvae mL⁻¹ appeared to be optimal for normal growth of clam larvae. Neither diet nor stocking density used in the study had a significant effect on larval survival. Under partially shaded (light intensity=1000–5000 lx) and fully shaded (light intensity <1000 lx) conditions, larval growth was significantly faster than under direct sunlight (unshaded). Larvae grew significantly faster in the unfiltered water than in the filtered water.     

文蛤和波纹巴非蛤冷冻变性的比较研究

利用IMP热电偶测温系统及组织切片技术、食品化学特性的常用分析方法以及测定表征蛋白质变性的盐溶性蛋白溶解度和Ca2 ATPase活性,对文蛤和波纹巴非蛤在冷冻后的组织结构、食品化学特性、蛋白质变性的影响进行了比较研究。结果表明:冻结会使贝肉组织结构发生较大变化,水分流失,非蛋白氮显著增加,但冻结对贝肉蛋白质冷冻变性的影响不明显;在冻藏后贝肉蛋白质发生了较大变性。在相同冷冻条件下,文蛤在上述3方面受到的影响均比波纹巴非蛤受到的影响大,说明文蛤比波纹巴非蛤更容易发生冷冻变性。     

风味蛋白酶酶解波纹巴非蛤制备小分子肽工艺研究

以波纹巴非蛤为原料,通过风味蛋白酶酶解制备小分子肽,并应用响应面分析法对波纹巴非蛤的酶解条件进行优化,确定酶解波纹巴非蛤制备小分子肽的最佳条件。试验结果表明:酶解温度50℃、酶解时间3.5 h、风味蛋白酶(E)与底物波纹巴非蛤肉(S)的质量比为3.1∶100时,酶解液的小分子肽得率为38.15%,与响应面模型所预测的小分子肽得率39.07%比较接近。     

不同基质对花叶玉簪组培苗移栽生长的影响

为筛选出花叶玉簪组培苗最适宜的移栽基质配方,以泥炭、蛭石、黄土和珍珠岩为培养基质设置16个处理,进行了组培苗移栽试验.结果表明:泥炭促进玉簪移栽成活和生长;而蛭石和珍珠岩有利于移栽成活,但蛭石抑制新根发生,珍珠岩不利于后期叶片和根系的伸长;而黄土严重影响移栽生根成活和叶片的生长,但有利于后期根的伸长.从育苗质量以及节约成本等指标综合考虑,V泥炭∶V黄土∶V珍珠岩=3∶1∶2的基质配比是花叶玉簪组培苗移栽的最佳选择.     

臭氧—紫外线组合系统净化靓巴非蛤（Paphiacschnellian）微生物的研究

【目的】筛选出净化靓巴非蛤的最优净化方法。【方法】采用臭氧-紫外线组合系统杀菌净化海水,结合非循环开放式方法净化靓巴非蛤微生物,以大肠菌群和菌落总数为指标,分别选取温度、盐度、换水率、贝水比等4个因素3个水平进行正交试验,探讨净化靓巴非蛤的最佳环境条件。【结果】依据正交试验结果及从净化效果和经济角度考虑,确定臭氧一紫外线组合系统净化靓巴非蛤的条件为：温度30℃、盐度35％。、换水率8h/次、贝水比1：1O、净化时间36h。【结论】利用臭氧-紫外线组合系统可达到净化贝类的要求。     

On condition index and percentage edibiliy of the shortneck clam Paphia malabarica (Chemintz) from estuarine regions of Ratnagiri,west coast of India

Paphia malabarica is an important clam species, which has formed vast beds in the Kalbadevi estuary (Shirgaon creek) and Kajali estuary (Bhatye creek), Ratnagiri. They are exploited here commercially throughout the year for local as well as external markets due to the heavy demand. This study was undertaken to assess seasonal variations in the quality of the meat of clams by estimating the condition index and percentage edibility. Higher values were recorded during the monsoon (June–August). A rapid decline was observed in the edibility values from November onwards. Higher condition index and percentage edibility were recorded from June to November, indicating the high quality of clam meat.     

波斑鸨雏鸟生长发育初步研究

对新疆准噶尔盆地东部木垒县境内波斑鸨 (Chlamydotisundulatamacqueenii) 雏鸟的生长发育进行了观察和研究。结果表明 ,在雏鸟初生的第一个月内 ,体重和外部器官生长迅速 ,生长速度随着日龄的增长而减缓。在生长发育过程中 ,体重的增长保证了生长发育所需营养的供给和热调节机能的发育 ,较其它外部器官更重要。在外部器官的生长发育中 ,跗 止口庶和翅的发育要优先于头骨和尾的发育 ,这与波斑鸨是早成鸟及其营地栖生生活的习性有关。