Upgrading of hemp core for papermaking purposes by means of organosolv process

Non-wood raw materials for paper production have been maintained constant during last decade. In Europe, fibres from non-wood resources proceed mainly from flax and hemp crops. Hemp core is considered a by-product of the process, mainly used in equestrian sector. The application of these fibres for papermaking process gives a significant added value to the sector.New technologies in cooking processes like organosolv pulping gives advantages compared with traditional Kraft cooking. Hemp fibres obtained by means of organosolv process have been compared with eucalyptus Kraft pulp to determine if physical and mechanical properties of final pulps are similar.Efficiency of the organosolv cooking experiments was evaluated by means of yield, percentage of uncooked sample, kappa number and viscosity.To analyze the suitability of pulp samples for papermaking applications, different evaluation of mechanical properties as morphological characterization were done. Controlling cooking conditions of hemp core, similar properties of eucalyptus Kraft fibres are obtained.     

浅析建筑物后砌非承重墙体裂缝形成及其防控措施

建筑物二次砌筑非承重（填充墙）墙体裂缝问题是一个普遍存在而又难以解决的工程实际问题,笔者结合实际工程发生的问题分析了其形成原因及防控措施。     

美国国际纸业公司林浆纸一体化的启示

美国国际纸业公司1898年成立以来,经过100多年不断的扩张和整合,已成为一个拥有纸产品、包装制品和林产品三大核心业务,集育苗、造林、森林经营、木材加工、产品营销和科研、生产为一体的大型跨国企业集团。其2004年销售总额达255亿美元,是世界上最大的纸业和林产品公司;同时拥有或经营着376万hm2森林、13个大型苗圃和21个种子园,年产优质松树苗3亿株,阔叶树苗8000多万株。文章介绍了其发展历程、森林经营、科技的贡献及对我国的启示。     

塔尔油制强化造纸施胶剂的研究

以塔尔油为主要原料，研究制造纸用施胶剂的配方及生产工艺条件，该施胶剂可代替松香用于造纸浆内施胶，并对施胶工艺条件进行了探讨。     

软木伸缩缝填料用作水电站钢蜗壳垫层材料的探讨

就软木伸缩缝填料用作水电站钢蜗壳垫层材料进行探讨,分析其作用和效果;介绍软木的特性以及软木伸缩缝填料的生产工艺;并对几种常用的垫层材料进行试验对比分析.试验结果表明,软木伸缩缝填料适合作大、中型水电站钢蜗壳外包垫层的材料.     

微生物异位发酵床养猪废弃填料的安全性评价

为了研究养猪废弃填料的资源化利用,对异位发酵床的废弃填料进行了安全性评价。通过对两种废弃填料的养分含量、重金属含量、种子发芽率指数、蛔虫卵死亡率和粪大肠菌群数进行分析,结果表明:废弃填料中的营养物质丰富,总养分含量分别为6.19%、7.21%,有机质的质量分数分别为56.11%、48.63%,p H分别为8.00、8.50,重金属元素含量较低,均符合我国城镇垃圾农用控制标准和中华人民共和国农业部规定的有机肥料标准;废弃填料的种子发芽率指数分别为127.67%、118.77%,表明其对农作物无毒性;废弃填料的蛔虫卵死亡率分别为95.75%、95.60%,粪大肠菌群数分别为76个和83个,均符合我国有机肥料中的相关标准。该结果证实异位发酵床样式技术是可以实现养殖废弃物资源化利用的环保型养殖模式。     

多元铜基钎料成分设计

根据二次回归设计方法建立了合金元素与钎料的润湿性能及力学性能的回归方程，分析了合金元素对钎料的润湿性能及剪切强度影响规律。结果表明：Ni及Ni与Mn,Ni与Sn的交互作用能明显提高钎料的润湿性能和接头强度。在综合分析钎料成分对钎料性能，成本影响后，优化设计出用于钎焊合金白口铸铁的含Mn量为8．5％－9．5％，含Ni为1．5％－2.5%,含Sn量为0．3－0．8％，含Si量为0．3％－0．8％，含Al量为0．5％－1％的最佳成分钎料。多元铜基钎料性能优于铜锌钎料（BCu62Zn)。     

常用渔药及水体pH对生物质炭填料系统硝化作用和微生物群落结构的影响

生物质炭膜架作为一种新型填料,具有较高的单位比表面积,利于脱氮微生物群落的附着,净化污水能力较强,在未来人工湿地的运用中具有广阔前景。然而,水产养殖过程中的环境变化和渔药的使用,是否会妨碍人工湿地中填料作用的充分发挥尚未明确。为研究外界因素对生物质炭膜架除污能力的影响,设置了不同pH（E1：6.5、E2：7.5和E3：8.5）和常用渔药（F1：氟苯尼考,6 mg/L;F2：土霉素,20 mg/L）处理组,研究生物质炭填料系统降氨氮效率及其附着生物膜微生物群落结构的变化。结果表明：（1）实验组与对照组中,脱氮微生物硝化螺旋菌门（Nitrospirae）相对丰度均为最高;（2）E1、E2、E3组降氨氮速率分别为0.247、0.249、0.305 mg/(L·h),均低于对照组（pH=8.2）：0.323 mg/(L·h);低pH条件下硝化螺旋菌的相对含量略有降低,而脱氮硫杆菌相对含量没有显著差异。（3）F1、F2组降氨氮速率一致,均为0.172 mg/(L·h),低于对照组0.323 mg/(L·h);与对照组相比,实验组硝化螺旋杆菌与脱氮硫杆菌相对含量无显著变化,推测氟苯尼考和土霉素抑制了菌的活性,致使氨氮降解速率下降。综上,弱碱性水体有助于提高生物质炭填料净化水质能力,而氟苯尼考或土霉素的使用会影响生物膜上脱氮微生物的群落丰度和活力并抑制降氨氮能力。因此,使用抗生素类渔药治疗时,应配合其它水质调节措施来控制养殖水体的氨氮含量,保证养殖对象安全,最大化发挥生物质填料的净化养殖尾水效果。     

Effect of inert fillers with changing energy-protein ratio on growth performance and energy digestibility in broilers

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of using sand or diatomaceous earth (DIAE) as an inert filler while changing the energy-to-protein ratio in broilers, and therefore to evaluate if doing either will confound the results in energy enzyme efficacy studies by reducing the difference observed between the standard and low energy control diets. The dietary treatments consisted of one control treatment (3,050 ME kcal/kg, 220 CP g/kg) and a 2 × 2 factorial arrangements with 2 energy-to-protein levels (2,850 ME kcal/kg, 205 CP g/kg or 2,850 ME kcal/kg, 220 CP g/kg) and 2 inert fillers (sand or DIAE), each with 9 replicates. Each replicate pen included 5 straight-run broilers fed for a period of 21 d with weekly pen BW and feed intake measured. Ileal contents were collected on d 21 for ileal digestible energy (IDE), with 0.2% titanium dioxide as an indigestible marker. According to the main effect for inert filler, BW was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in treatments with reduced energy on d 21. Compared with the control group, no differences were observed among the reduced energy treatments for FCR and productivity index. Both IDE and ileal energy digestibility coefficient (IEDC) were decreased in the treatments formulated with reduced energy. Among reduced energy treatments, diets containing sand had significantly higher IDE and IEDC than the ones with DIAE. This study confirms that reduced dietary energy negatively influences broiler performance. Adding sand as the inert filler had an independently beneficial effect, and therefore DIAE may be a more appropriate source of inert filler to replace fat in a diet with a disrupted energy-to-protein ratio, which is the typical methodology in energy enzyme efficacy studies.     

酵母在造纸法再造烟叶中的初步应用研究

在造纸法再造烟叶制备中,利用1种酵母微生物对烟梗原料的萃取液进行了处理,并对处理后的萃取浓缩液及其再造烟叶成品的烟碱、糖、氯、硝酸盐、钾、总氮等成分进行了测定。结果表明:利用酵母处理,在优化条件下,烟梗萃取浓缩液糖含量降至空白对照的一半,再造烟叶成品糖含量明显下降,糖碱比趋于更合理。对经处理后形成的再造烟叶进行感官质量评吸,结果表明:酵母具有明显提高造纸法再造烟叶整体吃味质量的作用。