我国芍药属牡丹组革质花盘亚组的形态学研究

 通过实地调查、标本查阅和文献检索，系统描述了我国芍药属牡丹组革质花盘亚组各种不同居群、种间杂种及‘凤丹白’实生苗的形态特征和变异，在此基础上提出了该亚组野生牡丹的分类性状，讨论了瓣基紫斑和花盘、花丝颜色的遗传规律及延安牡丹、林氏牡丹的分类地位，并认为栽培牡丹丰富的变异来源于反复的种间杂交。对革质花盘亚组形态演化趋势进行了初步探讨。     

油用牡丹凤丹种子休眠解除及组织培养研究

以油用牡丹凤丹种子为材料,分析微波辐射及赤霉素浸泡处理对其休眠解除的影响,并在此基础上探讨在组培离体再生中不同激素配比对解除休眠处理种子的胚萌发、丛生芽诱导以及生根率的影响。结果表明:在1000 mg·L^-1赤霉素(GA 3)浸泡24 h后,凤丹种子的萌发效果最佳培养基为WPM+1 mg·L^-1 PVP+5 mg·L^-1 GA 3+1.5 mg·L^-16-BA+5 mg·L^-1 Ca(NO 3)2;丛生芽诱导增殖培养基为WPM+1.5 mg·L^-1 IBA+2 mg·L^-16-BA+2 mg·L^-1 PVP+250 mg·L^-1 Ac,增殖系数为2.20;诱导丛生芽生根培养基为WPM+2 mg·L^-1 IBA+1.5 mg·L^-1 NAA,生根率为55.56%。     

一种简便的牡丹、芍药DNA的提取方法

对近几年发展起来的植物基因组DNA的提取方法进行改良,提出一种简便实用的牡丹、芍药的DNA提取方法。得DNA的产量和纯度满足AFLP分析。     

黄牡丹表型变异及多样性研究

通过对不同地理种源的黄牡丹株丛的12个形态指标进行观测,据此研究形态的变异及表型多样性,结果显示:花部形态变异较叶部大,在7个数量性状指标中,萼片的变异系数最大,为0.252 2,其次为心皮和苞片;多样性指数最高的依次是花色、瓣尖形状和瓣基斑块。3个叶形态指标中,裂叶宽度的变异系数最高,为0.160 3;在12个指标中,特征向量绝对值较大的3个性状依次为花色、瓣基斑块、苞片,反映出它们对黄牡丹表型变异的贡献率最大;而采用欧氏距离聚类可将22株系分为3大类,可用花色、斑块形态和苞片数量三个性状初区分开黄牡丹的类群,不同类群的黄牡丹的亲缘关系可依据地理种源的远近、花色、斑块色形和萼片和苞片总数进行初步分类。     

云南野生黄牡丹花色素成分的鉴定

以云南野生黄牡丹为材料,通过特征显色反应、紫外—可见光谱扫描及高效液相色谱—质谱技术(HPLC-MS)对其花瓣中的色素成分进行了初步分析和鉴定.结果表明,黄牡丹花色素的组成包括类黄酮和叶绿素两大类,其中类黄酮类色素主要为查耳酮和黄酮、黄酮醇的混合物,包括2’,4’,6’,4-四羟基查耳酮(2’,4’,6’,4-tetr...     

牡丹根际微生物区系及土壤酶活的研究

为了解牡丹种植对土壤微生态系统的影响,以多年种植牡丹的土壤为研究对象,对其根际微生物区系及根际土壤酶活性进行研究。结果表明：牡丹根际土壤微生物总数量大于非根际土壤,两类土壤中细菌占主要优势,但非根际土壤中真菌的含量高于根际土壤。根际土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶和中性磷酸酶的活性分别比非根际土壤增加了38．40％、81．76％和129．42％,多酚氧化酶差异不大,而非根际土壤中的过氧化氢酶比根际土壤增加了5．31％。     

芍药(Paeonia L.)生物学特性研究进展

综述了近年来国内外芍药的研究进展概况,系统地介绍了芍药的起源、分布与分类,栽培与繁殖,组织培养,生殖生物学等方面的研究现状及发展方向。     

Monoterpene glycosides from Paeonia delavayi

A new monoterpene glycoside, 4-O-methyl-4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxy-paeoniflorin (1), was isolated from the root cortex of Paeonia delavayi along with the known paeoniflorin, oxypaeoniflorin, benzoylpaeoniflorin, benzoyloxypaeoniflorin, albiflorin and a paeonilactone-A.     

Acaricidal activities of paeonol and benzoic acid from Paeonia suffruticosa root bark and monoterpenoids against Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Acari: Acaridae)

The acaricidal activities of paeonol (2'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyacetophenone) and benzoic acid identified in the root bark of tree peony, Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews, against copra mite, Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank), adults were examined using direct contact and vapour phase toxicity bioassays and compared with those of cinnamyl acetate, cinnamyl alcohol and 37 monoterpenoids as well as the acaricides benzyl benzoate, dibutyl phthalate and N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET). Based on LD(50) values in fabric piece contact toxicity bioassays, the acaricidal activities of benzoic acid (4.80 microg cm(-2)) and paeonol (5.29 microg cm(-2)) were comparable to that of benzyl benzoate (4.46 microg cm(-2)) but more pronounced than those of DEET (30.03 microg cm(-2)) and dibutyl phthalate (25.23 microg cm(-2)). In vapour phase toxicity bioassays, paeonol and benzoic acid were much more effective in closed containers than in open ones, indicating that the effects of these compounds were largely due to action in the vapour phase. As judged by 24 h LD(50) values, (1S)-(-)-verbenone (7.42 mg per disc) was the most toxic fumigant, followed by (1S)-(-)-camphor, (S)-(+)-carvone, (R)-(-)-linalool and (+/-)-camphor (10.45-18.18 mg). Potent fumigant toxicity was also observed with paeonol, (2S,5R)-(-)-menthone, (+/-)-citronellal, benzoic acid, (1S,4R)-(-)-alpha-thujone and (R)-(+)-pulegone (25.10-34.63 mg). Neither benzyl benzoate, DEET nor dibutyl phthalate caused fumigant toxicity. Paeonia root bark-derived materials, particularly paeonol and benzoic acid, as well as the monoterpenoids described, merit further study as potential acaricides or as leads for the control of T. putrescentiae.     

四川牡丹花粉生活力测定方法的比较

本研究以四川牡丹花粉为材料,利用离体萌发法、亚历山大染色法、TTC染色法及I₂-KI染色法,测定四川牡丹花粉的活力。结果表明：开花后第1天花粉即具有活力,第4天花粉活力最高,随着开花时间的推移,花粉活力逐渐下降。开花后1~7 d,用4种测定方法测得的花粉活力变化趋势基本一致。亚历山大染色法与离体萌发法的结果差异极其显著（P<0.01）。TTC染色法和I₂-KI染色法,与离体萌发法的结果差异不显著。其中I₂-KI测定结果最接近离体萌发法。综合考虑实验条件、实验周期、实验过程和药品保存方法等因素,I₂-KI染色法适合四川牡丹野外人工传粉之前快速准确地测定花粉活力。这为探讨四川牡丹濒危的原因、保护种质资源、开展引种驯化和杂交育种提供了理论依据。