Changes of plasma membrane H<Superscript>+</Superscript>-ATPase activities of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Glycine max</Emphasis> seeds by PEG treatment

The soybean （Glycine max） Heihe No. 23 is sensitive to imbibitional chilling injury. Polyethylene glycol （PEG） treatment can improve chilling tolerance of soybean seeds to a certain extent. The changes of hydrolytic ATPase in plasma membranes and H^＋-pumping responses in soybean seeds were investigated during PEG treatments. Effects of exogenous calcium and exogenous ABA on the hydrolytic ATPase were also examined in order to understand the mechanism of chilling resistance. Highly purified plasma membranes were isolated by 6.0% aqueous two-phase partitioning from soybean seeds, as judged by the sensitivity of hydrolytic ATPase to sodium vanadate. PEG treatment resulted in a slight increase of the hydrolytic ATPase activity in 12 h. Then the activity decreased gradually, but still higher than the control. The H^＋-pumping activity increased steadily during PEG treatment. Exogenous calcium had both activating and inhibiting effects on the hydrolytic ATPase, but the activity was inhibited in soybean seeds treated with exogenous ABA. Results suggested that PEG treatment, not the exogenous calcium and ABA, up-regulated H^＋-ATPase activities in soybean seeds.     

河南鸡公山林区PM2.5污染与气象因子全年时尺度相关性分析

利用鸡公山林区环境空气质量监测站2019年监测数据,对PM_2.5污染及与气象因子在全年时尺度上的变化和关系进行系统的研究分析。结果表明:1) 林区PM_2.5年均质量浓度为34.48 μg·m^-3。2)降水对PM_2.5污染具有显著的去除作用。3)全年PM_2.5时均质量浓度与对应的气温、气压、空气湿度和风速4个气象因子间存在极显著的多元线性回归关系,且单气象因子对PM_2.5时均质量浓度值的影响均达到极显著水平(P＜0.01)。4) 在时尺度上,各单气象因子与PM_2.5质量浓度间的回归模型精度较低。为此,采取各单气象因子的等值点、小梯度递增与对应的PM_2.5质量浓度值域一并平均后再回归,显著提高了两者间的回归精度,更适于通过单气象因子估算PM_2.5质量浓度。研究结果揭示了林区PM_2.5污染特征,可为区域大气污染联防联治和景区森林旅游资源开发提供参考。     

杭州临安4种绿地内PM2.5中有机碳和元素碳的浓度变化及来源分析

总结城市绿地内PM_2.5中有机碳（OC）和元素碳（EC）质量浓度的时空变化规律,探究影响OC和EC质量浓度变化的因素,为改善人居环境质量提供依据。选取4种绿地（居住绿地、商业绿地、广场绿地和公共绿地）为研究对象,采用智能中流量TSP采样器采集绿地空气中的PM_2.5,通过热光反射法（TOR）检测样品上OC和EC的质量浓度,分析其来源。结果表明,4种绿地内OC和EC质量浓度季节变化一致,均为冬季>秋季>春季>夏季;春、夏、秋3个季节OC和EC质量浓度日变化均呈“一日双峰”型,8:00-12:00和16:00-20:00为早、晚高峰,12:00-16:00和20:00-次日8:00出现低谷值。二次有机碳（SOC）质量浓度为春季（2.84±0.27 μg·m^-3）、夏季（2.82±0.32 μg·m^-3）、秋季（2.99±0.34 μg·m^-3）和冬季（3.15±0.25 μg·m^-3）,分别占OC质量浓度的29.50%、11.96%、25.47%和32.12%,表明二次污染在各季节均存在。冬季机动车尾气和燃煤排放是PM_2.5中OC和EC的主要来源。     

西安市不同绿化参数与Pm^2.5浓度的关联性研究

以探讨西安市城区绿化覆盖率、绿化密度、绿化植被类型三者与空气中Pm^2.5浓度之间的关系为目的,选取了西安市区内7个监测点为代表点,测量范围为监测点方圆400m,约50万m^2.从2013年8 ～11月,历时4个月,每天获取监测点提供的PMt2.5浓度值.结果表明,提高总体绿化密度,采用适合的绿化植被种类,能够在一定程度上降低空气中的Pm^2.5浓度,提高空气质量.     

中国主要城市春季PM_(2.5)分布特征及其来源分析

通过分析全国12个城市2014年春季(3~5月)PM2.5监测数据,得出不同地区春季PM2.5分布特征,及不同地区PM2.5主要来源;比较六大经济协作区、不同功能城市及几个典型城市间PM2.5分布的差异,并分析其原因,为制定改善空气质量的有效措施提供合理依据。     

我国PM2.5污染现状及来源解析研究

利用2013年我国各城市PM2.5浓度数据及查找大量文献,对我国细颗粒物的污染现状及重点城市细颗粒物来源解析工作进行了初步研究。结果发现,我国PM2.5浓度水平较高且空间差异较大,呈现明显的时空分布特征;PM2.5浓度高值区主要分布在华北平原、四川盆地、长三角地区,华北地区年均浓度在80μg/m3左右,各城市PM2.5浓度季节变化基本为冬季＆gt;春季＆gt;秋季＆gt;夏季;燃煤源、工业源、汽车尾气是对PM2.5有明显贡献的主要排放源类,机动车尾气对PM2.5贡献的大多在10%～30%。     

气象行业标准《小麦干旱灾害等级》在莒县实际生产中的订正应用

为探索定量评估干旱灾害对旱区冬小麦造成损失的方法,以山东省莒县为例,利用1981—2010年莒县三十年气候整编资料以及历年冬小麦生长发育期、土壤水分观测资料,运用FAO PM公式,对气象行业标准《小麦干旱灾害等级》中冬小麦不同生长发育阶段的可能蒸散量、需水量、水分亏缺率进行求算,对小麦不同生育阶段作物系数表（K_c）中后期阶段的发育期、K_c的界定取值以及有关计算公式等进行订正应用研究。结果表明：小麦生育期间各生育阶段总可能蒸散量518.741 mm、不同作物系数小麦总需水量466.393 mm,平均作物系数总需水量440.93 mm,进而求算的阶段水分亏缺率符合实际,效果良好,用水分亏缺率作为评估干旱对冬小麦造成损失的方法可取,可以满足依据水分亏缺率对小麦产量的预报评估需要,可为基层和各级科研人员掌握和了解小麦干旱灾害评估方法提供切实可行的参照依据。     

Influence of tree crown characteristics on the local PM10 distribution inside an urban street canyon in Antwerp (Belgium): A model and experimental approach

Apart from influencing the amount of leaf-deposited particles, tree crown morphology will influence the local distribution of atmospheric particles. Nevertheless, tree crowns are often represented very rudimentary in three-dimensional air quality models. Therefore, the influence of tree crown representation on the local ambient PM₁₀ concentration and resulting leaf-deposited PM₁₀ mass was evaluated, using the three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model ENVI-met^® and ground-based LiDAR imaging. The modelled leaf-deposited PM₁₀ mass was compared to gravimetric results within three different particle size fractions (0.2–3, 3–10 and >10 μm), obtained at 20 locations within the tree crown. Modelling of the LiDAR-derived tree crown resulted in altered atmospheric PM₁₀ concentrations in the vicinity of the tree crown. Although this model study was limited to a single tree and model configuration, our results demonstrate that improving tree crown characteristics (shape, dimensions and LAD) affects the resulting local PM₁₀ distribution in ENVI-met. An accurate tree crown representation seems, therefore, of great importance when aiming at modelling the local PM distribution.     

Rearch on Management Model of Make-to-order and Discrete-production Enterprise Based on ERP

By analyzing the feature of make-to-order and discrete-production model, the article gives a model of the enterprise resource mamegement with advanced thoughts and methods of management, such as OPT (Optimized Production Technology) and PM (Project Management).And constructs a model of a new enterprise resource planning (ERP) system, which is suitable to this kind of enterprise.     

甲基对硫磷降解菌的生态效应及应用

从活性污泥中分离的甲基对硫磷降解菌接种于含有甲基对硫磷的土壤中，表现了较强的降解农药残留的生态效应。在盆栽试验中，处理的各叶片变黄程度比对照均要轻，统计差异显著，稻米与稻壳中甲基对硫磷处理比对照下降了８２．２－１００％。田间试验中，农药加菌，农药加有机肥加菌的处理，其稻米中的甲基对硫磷残留均检测不到，而对照（只施农药不加菌），稻米中的甲基对硫磷含量为０．０６５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，超过国家标准（０．０５ｍｇ