PEG6000模拟干旱胁迫处理在筛选油菜抗(耐)旱材料中的应用初析

采用20%、22%、24%、26%四种浓度的PEG6000,对大田试验中表现不同抗(耐)旱的油菜甘、芥种间杂交后代材料进行发芽试验,分析PEG6000模拟干旱胁迫发芽试验筛选油菜抗(耐)旱材料的效果。结果表明:在油菜抗(耐)旱材料筛选中,种子处理的PEG6000浓度以22%~24%为宜,发芽时间以4~8 d为宜。在PEG6000处理浓度低于22%时,发芽指数可作为一个必要的参考指标。     

两种基因型小麦对PEG胁迫的生理响应

采用不同渗透势的PEG-6000溶液胁迫处理2种基因型不同的小麦,分别测其幼苗期叶片相对含水量、游离脯氨酸含量、MDA含量、SOD活性和CAT活性等的变化。结果表明,胁迫处理下,陕合叶片相对含水量较郑引高;随着胁迫强度增加,陕合小麦脯氨酸含量,除24 h外,随PEG胁迫不断加强表现为逐渐增加;郑引小麦脯氨酸含量,除12 h外,均随PEG胁迫不断加强表现为先上升后下降的趋势;在同等胁迫程度下,陕合比郑引丙二醛积累量要少,膜损伤程度低;2个品种的SOD活性和CAT活性均随胁迫增加表现为先上升后下降趋势。     

Associations of simple sequence repeats with quantitative trait variation including biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in Hordeum spontaneum

A total of 33 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) was analyzed in 52 genotypes of Hordeum spontaneum originally collected from two different soil types (Terra rossa and Basalt) at Tabigha in Israel. Data on the performance of developmental, morphological, and yield‐related traits under well‐watered control and water‐stress conditions were available from previous experimentation, and powdery mildew susceptibility was scored. Regression analyses based on SSR allele class differences were performed. Highly significant associations were detected at the SSR loci Bmac181 (on chromosome 4H) and Bmac316 (6H) for water ‐stress tolerance and powdery mildew resistance, respectively. The study shows that association mapping using SSRs and genetically diverse germplasm provides an effective means of relating genotypes to complex quantitative phenotypes.     

PEG模拟干旱胁迫对聚合草叶片生理特性的影响

为研究PEG模拟干旱胁迫环境下聚合草叶片的生理变化,设置不同浓度的PEG溶液(0％、5％、10％、15％、20％、25％)进行处理,对其可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、游离脯氨酸含量、过氧化物酶活性、超氧化物歧化酶活性进行测定.结果表明,随着PEG浓度(0％～25％)的增加,可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、POD活性、S...     

PEG加固处理木质遗存变色的原因探析

采用不同的PEG加固处理方法,通过宏观、微观分析、Lab值检测等,探析不同PEG加固方法与木质遗存变色之间的相关关系,对研究木质遗存的腐朽程度和机制具有重要的参考意义。结果表明：缓冲溶液对加固后木质遗存材色加深有抑制作用,草酸盐缓冲溶液浸泡的试样材色最接近木材本色;用草酸盐溶液处理加固木质遗存的效果优于EDTA-2Na和PVP溶液,其试样更易制作木材切片。     

不同浓度配比的PEG、二甲基亚砜和水杨酸引发对玉米种子抗寒性的影响

以玉米杂交种创奇518新种子为材料,以不同浓度配比的聚乙二醇（PEG）、二甲基亚砜和水杨酸组合作为引发剂,采用L₉（3⁴）正交试验设计,通过低温种植处理,研究提高玉米种子抗寒性的3种引发剂的最佳浓度配比。结果表明,不同配比引发处理的玉米种子发芽势、发芽率、苗鲜重、活力指数、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性均表现出明显差异。以浓度为20%的PEG、浓度为0.5%的二甲基亚砜和浓度为0.007%的水杨酸组合处理种子的发芽率、活力指数最高,幼苗长势整齐一致,POD和CAT较对照有明显提高。     

Changes of plasma membrane H<Superscript>+</Superscript>-ATPase activities of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Glycine max</Emphasis> seeds by PEG treatment

The soybean （Glycine max） Heihe No. 23 is sensitive to imbibitional chilling injury. Polyethylene glycol （PEG） treatment can improve chilling tolerance of soybean seeds to a certain extent. The changes of hydrolytic ATPase in plasma membranes and H^＋-pumping responses in soybean seeds were investigated during PEG treatments. Effects of exogenous calcium and exogenous ABA on the hydrolytic ATPase were also examined in order to understand the mechanism of chilling resistance. Highly purified plasma membranes were isolated by 6.0% aqueous two-phase partitioning from soybean seeds, as judged by the sensitivity of hydrolytic ATPase to sodium vanadate. PEG treatment resulted in a slight increase of the hydrolytic ATPase activity in 12 h. Then the activity decreased gradually, but still higher than the control. The H^＋-pumping activity increased steadily during PEG treatment. Exogenous calcium had both activating and inhibiting effects on the hydrolytic ATPase, but the activity was inhibited in soybean seeds treated with exogenous ABA. Results suggested that PEG treatment, not the exogenous calcium and ABA, up-regulated H^＋-ATPase activities in soybean seeds.     

Changes of Plasma Membrane H~+-ATPase Activities of Glycine max Seeds by PEG Treatment

The soybean (Glycine max) Heihe No. 23 is sensitive to imbibitional chilling injury. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatment can improve chilling tolerance of soybean seeds to a certain extent. The changes of hydrolytic ATPase in plasma membranes and H+-pumping responses in soybean seeds were investigated during PEG treatments. Effects of exogenous calcium and exogenous ABA on the hydrolytic ATPase were also examined in order to understand the mechanism of chilling resistance. Highly purified plasma membranes were isolated by 6.0% aqueous two-phase partitioning from soybean seeds, as judged by the sensitivity of hydrolytic ATPase to sodium vanadate. PEG treatment resulted in a slight increase of the hydrolytic ATPase activity in 12 h. Then the activity decreased gradually, but still higher than the control. The H+-pumping activity increased steadily during PEG treatment. Exogenous calcium had both activating and inhibiting effects on the hydrolytic ATPase, but the activity was inhibited in soybean seeds treated with exogenous ABA. Results suggested that PEG treatment, not the exogenous calcium and ABA, up-regulated H+-ATPase activities in soybean seeds.     

PEG模拟干旱胁迫对筇竹种子萌发的影响

采用不同浓度的PEG 6000溶液,模拟干旱条件,对筇竹进行渗透胁迫处理。结果表明：随着水分胁迫增强,筇竹种子的日相对萌发率、发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数均呈下降趋势;低浓度 （5%、10%） 胁迫可以促进筇竹种子胚根生长,而高浓度 （≥ 15%） 则具有抑制作用;与对照相比,随着PEG浓度的增加,筇竹种子初始萌发时间延迟明显,而在PEG浓度达30%时筇竹种子未见萌发;将在PEG浓度为30%条件下未萌发的种子用蒸馏水冲洗干净后,在通常发芽条件下进行发芽试验可以实现复萌。     

Ca2+、PEG预处理对干旱胁迫下小麦幼苗某些酶活性的影响

本文结果表明，Ｃａ＾２＋、ＰＥＧ预处理小麦种子具有提高其幼苗ＲＷＣ及ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ、ＰＯＤ的活性和降低膜透性的效应，在干旱胁迫下植株生长抑制减轻。随着干旱胁迫的加强、ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ、ＰＯＤ活性迅速上升并始终维持较高水平，具体表现为浸种处理ＰＥＧ〉Ｃａ＾２＋〈Ｈ２Ｏ；ＲＷＣ表现为ＰＥＧ〉Ｃａ＾２＋〉Ｈ２Ｏ，植株生长抑制程度表现为ＰＥＧ〈Ｃａ＾２＋〈Ｈ２Ｏ。解除干旱胁迫后，Ｃａ＾２＋，ＰＥＧ浸种处理的