水势胁迫对2种菊科种子萌发影响的研究

以莴苣和野菊花为材料,研究了用不同浓度(0,25,50,75,100,150,200 g/L)聚乙二醇溶液模拟干旱处理对2种菊科种子萌发的影响.结果表明:莴苣种子和野菊花种子在PEG浓度为0～75 g/L时,种子发芽率随着PEG浓度的上升而增大,PEG浓度为75 g/L时,种子的发芽率最高,莴苣和野菊花的发芽率分别为90.76％和84.50％;在PEG浓度为75～200 g/L时,种子发芽率随着PEG浓度的上升而逐渐降低,且浓度为200 g/L时,发芽率最低,分别为32.87％和3.50％.对萌发过程形态观察后发现,莴苣种子和野菊花种子在去离子水中的发芽过程不同,莴苣种子先进行胚根的发育而野菊花种子先进行子叶的发育.莴苣种子在去离子水和高浓度PEG溶液中发芽过程不同,在去离子水中莴苣种子先进行胚根的发育,而在高浓度PEG溶液中莴苣种子先进行子叶的发育,野菊花不具备此特征,表明莴苣种子在胁迫条件下,可进行一种适应性成长.     

《园林设计初步》课程教学探析

《园林设计初步》是园林专业的基础课。针对目前《园林设计初步》教学存在的问题，结合《园林设计初步》课程定位及特点，围绕制图基础、设计基础及设计入门三大教学内容，从理论教学和实训教学两个方面，提出当前形势下《园林设计初步》教学内容安排及教学方法，以期提高教学效果。     

湘南典型残次阔叶林人工促进更新技术研究

于2003年在湖南省汝城县益将国有林场天然残次阔叶林内设置试验样地和对照样地各3个,采用林地清理、补植、补播等手段促进天然更新,并分别于2006年和2011年进行2次人工促进干预;同时,在6个样地内各设置3个样方,共计18个样方,分别于2003、2008、2013年冬,对幼树、幼苗、萌条的数量及地径进行统计,并对样方内胸径≥5 cm的立木进行每木调查。结果表明:种子补播保存率43%,幼苗补植保存率20%,平均保存率32%。树高≤30 cm且地径0.5 cm、31 cm≤树高≤50 cm且0.5 cm地径0.7 cm幼树的数量下降率分别是对照样地的17.5%、21.59%,树高≥51 cm且地径0.7 cm幼树的数量下降率是对照样地的121.66%。2008年单位面积蓄积量是对照样地的2.28倍,2013年达到3.80倍;经过10年更新,单位面积蓄积量是试验前的11.57倍,对照样地单位面积蓄积量仅是试验前的2.55倍;单位面积蓄积量是对照样地的4.54倍。人工促进天然更新所需的人工成本为1 860元/hm2,仅为同期人工营造杉木幼林所需人工成本5 310元/hm2的35%。     

有关鸡瘟病毒防治方法的讨论

鸡瘟是病毒引起的一种急性传染病。鸡瘟的季节一般在春季和秋季发生,它的传染比较迅速,如果没有进行及时的防控,流行起来,具有很高的死亡率。     

Farmers' knowledge and perception of grain legume pests and their management in the Eastern province of Kenya

Grain legumes play an important role in community livelihood and in the national economy in Kenya. Unfortunately, in many African countries, production doesn't satisfy the demand in grains due to various constrains. Understanding farmers practices and behavior in the management of grain legume pests is a crucial step in the development of sustainable management strategies. A total of 216 farmers were surveyed in eight districts of eastern Kenya to evaluate farmers' knowledge and perceptions of grain legume pests; to examine current pest management practices, and to identify other production constraints. Grain legumes are grown by a wide age-group of farmers, with both genders equally represented. Chemical control remains the main pest management strategy, and, to ensure pesticide effectiveness, farmers also use increased application rates, chemical alternation, frequent application and mixtures of chemicals. While farmers used other control measures, they showed only limited interest in biological control. The majority of the farmers had experience in grain legume farming and were able to identify the major pests, which were the legume flower thrips Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom, the cowpea aphid Aphis craccivora Koch and the legume pod borer Maruca vitrata Fabricius. Our survey revealed that education and proximity to extension services contributed significantly to farmers' knowledge of grain legume pests, suggesting the need to provide continuous training and capacity building on integrated pest management in grain legume farming. The study also suggests integration of other pest management strategies such as the use of early maturing varieties, biopesticides and biofertilizer to reduce the use of chemical for sustainable pest management.     

《毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义理论体系概论》教学改革探讨

“概论”课理论性、现实性很强,在当前我国社会转型和改革攻坚深刻影响人们思想的形势下,如何讲好“概论”课对教师的教学理念、教学方法、技能和知识结构都提出了很高的要求.笔者在认真分析学生对思想政治理论课需求的基础上进行了一系列教学方法改革和实践：坚持理论联系实际,讲好讲活理论；采取互动教学方法,让学生更多的参与教学；灵活运用多媒体技术；通过实践教学促进课堂教学；举办多种专题讲座,拓展学生思维和视野.     

Describing Human–Wildlife Interaction from a European Perspective

European researchers from both the natural and social sciences show growing interest in studying interactions between society and wildlife. A wealth of theoretical frameworks, concepts, and methods are used, but an integration of perspectives is lacking. This research note summarizes results from two workshops that included 63 delegates from 25 European countries, as well as a follow-up survey of 41 respondents. Two main theoretical approaches to the study of human–wildlife interactions were identified. One approach focuses on the collective societal level relying on theories of governance, social representation, deliberative procedures, and commons theory. The other approach targets individuals or groups, and is based on theories such as the cognitive hierarchy, theory of reasoned action, and theory of planned behavior. Interdisciplinary collaboration is needed to identify the best options for wildlife conservation and management in a more politically integrated Europe.     

农业推广方法选择研究——以陕西省三原县为例

本文以陕西省三原县为例,采用典型调查方法,运用问卷调查、农户访问等资料搜集手段,研究各种因素对农业推广方法选择的影响.研究结果表明:推广对象的经济状况、采用创新的不同阶段以及推广对象的文化程度等都影响到农业推广方法的选择,而要最大限度地提高推广效果需要综合采用多种农业推广方法.     

柱花草叶肉原生质体提取与瞬时表达体系构建

柱花草(Stylosanthes guianensis)是一种重要的热区豆科牧草,为利用原生质体瞬时表达体系开展柱花草基因功能研究,以20 d龄期‘热研5号’柱花草子叶为试验材料,通过正交试验考察不同因素对原生质体分离及转化效率的影响。结果表明：采用1.5%纤维素酶、1.25%离析酶、0.5 mol·L^-1甘露醇和4 mmol·L^-1MES酶解液组合,酶解时间为16 h时,原生质体的产量和活性均达到最佳,分别为(4.567×10⁶)个·g^-1和92.271%;原生质体浓度为(6×10⁵)个·mL^-1、质粒浓度为0.6μg·μL^-1,PEG-4000浓度为50%、转化时间为5 min时,转化效率最高,可达52.524%。构建了目标蛋白SgRKL1表达载体pA7-BIUTNT::SgRKL1-GFP,利用PEG介导法将其转入柱花草原生质体,激光扫描共聚焦显微镜检测结果显示SgRKL1蛋白定位于细胞膜上,说明所建立的柱花草叶肉原生质体瞬时表...