犬细小病毒高效纳米PCR检测方法的建立及初步应用

为建立灵敏、快速的犬细小病毒(CPV)检测方法,本研究针对CPVVP2基因保守序列设计一对能扩增574bp片段的特异性引物,对纳米PCR的退火温度、引物浓度等反应条件进行了优化,并对其特异性和灵敏度进行了评估。结果表明,所建立的纳米PCR特异性和灵敏性良好,最低核酸检出量为2拷贝·μL^-1,其敏感性比常规PCR高1000倍。分别采用纳米PCR和常规PCR,对广西、北京、吉林送检的75份疑似CPV的临床样品进行检测,CPV阳性率分别为89.3%(67/75)和70.7%(53/75),表明该方法具有更高的敏感性,适用于CPV低含量临床样品的检测。本方法的建立为CPV感染的早期快速、灵敏、准确的诊断提供了新方法,为CPV的防控奠定基础,具有重大的临床应用意义和价值。     

Disseminated protothecosis diagnosed by evaluation of CSF in a dog

A 5-year-old female spayed Shetland Sheepdog Mix dog was evaluated for a history of recent seizure activity, progressive hind limb ataxia, polyuria, and polydipsia and no history of gastrointestinal signs. Physical examination findings included conscious proprioceptive deficits, ataxia, and anterior uveitis along with a hypermature cataract in the right eye. Results of a CBC, serum biochemical profile, urinalysis, and computed tomography scan of the brain were unremarkable. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed marked eosinophilic pleocytosis and rare organisms consistent with Prototheca spp within neutrophils and macrophages. On postmortem histologic examination, mononuclear inflammation and numerous intralesional algal organisms, similar to those seen on the cytologic preparation of CSF, were found in the brain, eyes, kidneys, and heart. Abnormalities were not detected on gross and histologic examination of the gastrointestinal tract. Cultures of CSF and subdural/olfactory bulb, but not intestinal tract, yielded growth of Prototheca spp, and PCR analysis and DNA sequencing confirmed the organism as Prototheca zopfii genotype 2. We have reported a rare case of disseminated protothecosis that was diagnosed by evaluation of CSF in a dog presented with neurologic signs and no overt enteric disease. Protothecosis should be considered as a rare cause of seizures, even in the absence of obvious enteric signs, and should be included in the differential diagnosis of eosinophilic pleocytosis.     

水溶性烯丙孕素-磺丁基-β-环糊精包合物的制备及表征

旨在提高烯丙孕素原药在水中的溶解度,提高烯丙孕素原药的生物利用度,使用磺丁基-β-环糊精对烯丙孕素原药进行包合。本试验使用冷冻干燥法来制备烯丙孕素-磺丁基-β-环糊精包合物,以此来解决烯丙孕素在临床使用中因其水不溶性而受到限制及其使用后生物利用度低的问题,进而拓宽烯丙孕素的药用途径。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱法、热重分析法和显微镜成像法对所制得的烯丙孕素包合物进行表征,并用溶解度法对包合物进行溶解度测定。以包合物的收率和包合率为评价指标,筛选最优的包合物制备条件。结果显示：经筛选,包合物的最佳制备条件：在55℃,ALT与SBE-β-CD的投料摩尔比为1：6,包合时间为5 h,溶液pH为8,溶剂量为15 mL（当以ALT投药量为0.1 g时计）;以最优制备条件制备所得的包合物中ALT的平均包合率为（90.90±1.80）%（n=3）,平均载药量为（4.30±2.30）%（n=3）,包合物的收率为（93.19±1.67）%。经傅里叶变换红外光谱法、热重分析法和显微镜成像法对所制得的包合物进行表征,可证实成功制得包合物。溶解度法试验结果表明,形成包合物后,其溶解度较烯丙孕素原药提高了988.86倍,且该包合物稳定性好,可满足不同剂型的要求。磺丁基-β-环糊精对烯丙孕素原药具有较好的增溶作用,达到了增加药物溶解度的目的,且该制备方法简单,条件温和,易于产业化生产,有利于烯丙孕素的进一步开发利用。     

立式金属油罐容量检定中的几个问题

针对JJG168-87计量规程在实际使用中的缺陷，对罐壁圈板径向偏差测量位置的确定，油罐充满油品后直径增大值的修正等问题，提出了具体的解决方法。     

马盲肠感觉神经元的节段性分布——HRP法研究

用HRP法对5匹马盲肠感觉神经元的节段性分布规律进行了研究。结果:标记细胞出现在T_2～L_4脊神经节内。其中T_(8～15)脊神经节内数量最多,其次是T_(3、7)和T_(16、17),其余脊神经节内的标记细胞数量较少。盲肠的感觉神经元,以小细胞为主,中细胞次之,大细胞最少。感觉神经均传入双侧脊神经节中,标记细胞的数量右侧明显地多于左侧(二者之比约4:1)。     

Isolation and characterization of Dichelobacter nodosus from ovine and caprine footrot in Kashmir, India

Footrot is a highly contagious and economically important disease of sheep and goats, caused by Dichelobacter nodosus, a slow growing anaerobic Gram-negative rod. The current Australian antigenic classification system, based on variation in the fimbriae, classifies D. nodosus into at least 10 serogroups (A-I and M) and 18 serotypes. This investigation was intended to determine the serological diversity of D. nodosus in this region of Kashmir, India. Exudates of footrot lesions were collected from 24 naturally infected sheep and 42 goats located in the Kashmir valley. Of these 66 samples, 24 yielded evidence of D. nodosus by PCR using 16SrDNA specific primers. Multiplex PCR using serogroup specific primers revealed the presence of serogroup B in all the samples except two, which showed the presence of serogroup E D. nodosus. This study also documents the isolation of D. nodosus and detection of serogroup E for the first time in India.     

检测PRV野毒株、PCV-2及PPV多重PCR方法的建立及初步应用

根据GenBank中的猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)gE、猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)ORF2、猪细小病毒(PPV)VP2基因序列,设计了3对引物,成功建立了检测PRV野毒株、PCV-2和PPV的多重PCR诊断方法,扩增产物分别为288 bp、419 bp、681 bp。敏感性、特异性试验结果显示,该PCR对3种病毒的最低核酸检测量分别为PRV 48.2 pg/L、PCV-2 36.7 pg/L、PPV 0.25 ng/L,而PRV(gE基因缺失株)、猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)、大肠杆菌的扩增结果均为阴性。对87份自然感染病猪样品的检测结果表明,该多重PCR检测结果与单一PCR检测结果完全符合。结果表明,该多重PCR方法具有很好的特异性和敏感性,可用于临床PRV野毒株和gE基因缺失疫苗株、PCV-2和PPV的检测。     

Detection of challenge virus in fetal tissues by nested PCR as a test of the potency of a porcine parvovirus vaccine

To estimate the potency of a porcine parvovirus (PPV) vaccine, three vaccinated and three non-vaccinated pregnant gilts were infected with PPV and the distribution of the virus was studied in the tissues of their 51 fetuses. Virus detection was attempted using haemagglutination (HA) and immunofluorescence (IF) assays, as well as by standard (single) and nested polymerase chain reactions (PCR). None of the detection methods yielded positive results when used to test for the presence of virus in suspensions of organs from the fetuses from the vaccinated gilts. However, the virus was detected in the fetuses from non-vaccinated gilts as follows: HA was positive in 14 cases out of 23 (60.8%), IF in 16/23 (69.5%), standard PCR in 12/20 (60%), and the nested PCR in 19/23 (82.6%). Although the correlation among the results of various methods of virus detection was rather close (r<0.83), the sensitivity of the nested PCR was the highest, both when testing dilutions of PPV and when analysing the fetal organs. The nested PCR therefore provides a reliable approach for studies of virus distribution in fetal organs, with special reference to potency tests on vaccines.     

番茄溃疡病菌PCR快速检测技术

番茄溃疡病是一种严重危害番茄生产的细菌性病害，许多国家将其列为检疫性病害。利用ITS通用引物扩增了番茄溃疡病菌（Clavibacter michiganensis subsp．michiganensis）的ITS序列，并进行克隆测序。根据序列比较结果设计了引物BT1和BT2，该引物特异性好，能专一扩增出268bp电泳条带，而马铃薯环腐病菌等不同亚种、不同属的细菌及健康的番茄材料均无扩增条带。从接种但未显症番茄苗叶片及人工模拟染菌种子上提取总DNA，以此为模板均能稳定地扩增出特异性目的条带。该方法直接对种子或植株进行检测，不需进行病原菌分离培养，快速简便，适用于出入境检验检疫及种苗健康检测领域。