生物技术在药用植物育种中的研究现状

生物技术是一门建立在现代生命科学理论基础上的技术，随着生命科学领域研究的突飞猛进，生物技术变得更加强有力，已渗透到工业、农业、医学、林业等各个领域，并发挥着日益重要的作用。综述了细胞工程、基因工程、分子标记技术等生物技术在药用植物育种中的研究现状，展示了生物技术作为一项重要的育种技术，在提高中药材品质、保护药用植物资源方面的应用前景。     

Preparation of novel reagents 4-alkoxytrityl chlorides and their reaction with methyl Α-d-glucoside

A series of novel 4-O-alkoxytrityl chlorides (1) with different chain lengths was synthesized as a novel reagent for obtaining 6-O-alkylated cellulose with high regioselectivity via trityl groups in one reaction step without the use of any protective groups. These chlorides were reacted with methyl -d-glucoside, which was used as a model compound, to examine the reactivities toward the primary hydroxyl groups of cellulose to afford a series of 6-O-alkylated methyl -d-glucosides in high yields. The product compounds were found to have interesting solubilities and thermal properties. Thus, newly prepared trityl chloride derivatives were found to be useful regioselective derivatization reagents on the primary hydroxyl group in carbohydrates, especially in cellulose.     

Antiproliferative activity of Goldfussia psilostachys ethanolic extract on K562 leukemia cells

A dose-dependent and significant (P<0.01) antiproliferative effect of Goldfussia psilostachys ethanolic extract was observed on K562 cells. The IC(50) is ca. 0.5 microg/ml. The extract markedly increases the proportion of cell in G2/M phases and decreases the population of cells in G0/G1 phases. Moreover, the antimitotic effect is correlated with polymerization of microtubule assembly. These results indicate that G. psilostachys ethanolic extract inhibits the proliferation of K562 cells and disrupts the normal dynamic of microtubules during mitosis.     

1-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl) ethanone, a new compound from the stem bark of Lamprothamnus zanguebaricus

The chloroform extract of the stem bark of Lamprothamnus zanguebaricus has yielded two ethanones; 1-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanone (I) (a new compound) and 1-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethanone (II). The structures of both compounds were established by spectroscopic methods.     

AgNO3处理下银杏幼胚愈伤组织的形成和激素变化

采用石蜡切片技术和酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA),以银杏幼胚为外植体,添加0,1和5 mg/L AgNO3作处理,观察21 d内愈伤组织的形成过程,测定内源激素吲哚乙酸(IAA)、保幼激素类似物(ZR)、赤霉素(GA)和脱落酸(ABA)的变化,分析AgNO3对银杏幼胚愈伤组织分化潜能的影响。结果表明:根据解剖结构愈伤形成可分为4个阶段。第1阶段(0~7 d),IAA升高,ABA降低,表皮细胞启动脱分化。第2阶段(≥7~11 d),4种激素浓度均升高,愈伤组织和细胞团初步形成。第3阶段(≥11~16 d),GA、ABA大幅降低,细胞团大量形成。第4阶段(≥16~21 d),ABA骤降、GA迅速上升,愈伤组织和细胞团增殖。1 mg/L AgNO3处理下分生细胞团种类最多,其次为5mg/L处理,0 mg/L处理最少。研究认为,银杏幼胚愈伤组织具有较强的分化潜能,AgNO3能影响其内源激素的平衡,调控分化方向。     

一种制备(3R,4R)-4,7,7-三甲基-6-氧杂二环[3.2.1]辛烷-3,4-二醇的新方法

在催化剂过氧磷钨酸十二烷基吡啶盐(Cat-PW4)的作用下,α-蒎烯与H2O2反应生成主要产物(3R,4R)-4,7,7-三甲基-6-氧杂二环[3.2.1]辛烷-3,4-二醇。不同反应条件对反应转化率和选择性的实验结果表明,最佳反应条件为:12.8 mmolα-蒎烯、5 m L溶剂三氯甲烷、0.2 g催化剂、3.3 m L 30%H2O2,反应温度40℃,反应时间3 h,α-蒎烯转化率和产物的选择性分别为94.7%和39.8%。反应结束后,该产物存在于水相和有机相中,通过萃取和重结晶分离提纯,得率11%,纯度达到98%;其分子结构通过红外光谱、紫外光谱、1H核磁共振谱、13C核磁共振谱、低分辨率质谱及高分辨率质谱确证。     

树突状细胞甘露糖受体在旋毛虫感染中的变化研究

应用流式细胞术(FCM)检测旋毛虫感染后小鼠肠系膜淋巴结(MLN)中树突状细胞(DC)上甘露糖受体(MR)的影响。培养小鼠骨髓源树突状细胞(BMDC)并负载旋毛虫排泄/分泌抗原(ES抗原),FCM检测BMDC上MR的变化情况。结果显示,感染第7天MLN中DC表面MR出现下调,但在14 d后出现上调,差异显著(P0.05)。体外实验发现,BMDC负载ES抗原后MR出现下调,直到第48小时出现上调,差异显著(P0.05)。本研究证明旋毛虫感染后可以引起树突状细胞上MR的变化,表明MR可能是ES抗原的识别受体。这为研制旋毛虫树突状细胞疫苗提供了支持,并对寄生虫免疫逃避机制的研究提供了思路。     

Growth promoting effects of prebiotic yeast cell wall products in starter broilers under an immune stress and Clostridium perfringens challenge

This study was designed to investigate the growth promoting effects of supplementing different sources and concentrations of prebiotic yeast cell wall (YCW) products containing mannanoligosaccharides in starter broilers under an immune stress andClostridium perfringens challenge. Through a series of 6 individual studies either 240 or 288 newly hatched chicks were randomly distributed to specific dietary treatments. All birds received a commercial infectious bursa disease vaccine at 10 or 15 d age followed by an orally administeredClostridium perfringens challenge on d 15, 16, and 17; or 18, 19, and 20. Weekly BW, feed consumption, and daily mortality were recorded per pen. Each study was terminated after 21 d. Pooled data analysis of all studies revealed no effect between different product sources of YCW. Products from both sources produced a significant improvement in growth rate compared to control birds fed no YCW. However, a blend of two YCW products showed an approximate 15% improvement in growth rate and a 10% reduction in FCR. The optimum dose of any YCW product among those tested was determined to be approximately 250 ppm. Prebiotic YCW additives increased BW and improved feed conversion and may be considered as alternative growth promoters for starting broilers.     

miR-21与Nocodazole联合作用对小鼠成肌细胞C2C12周期的影响

观察miR-21与Nocodazole联合作用对小鼠成肌细胞C2C12周期的影响。分别以0、200、300、400、500、600 nmol/L Nocodazole处理C2C12细胞24 h,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期,间接免疫染色激光共聚焦显微镜观察细胞有丝分裂器α-微管蛋白(α-tubulin)排列。转染miR-21 mimics/NC和inhibitors/NC,24 h后,添加400 nmol/L的Nocodazole处理24 h,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期。结果表明:Nocodazole使C2C12细胞同步化的最佳浓度是400 nmol/L;过表达miR-21 mimics之后,与对照组相比,G0/G1,S期细胞百分比极显著增加,G2/M期细胞百分比极显著减少(P0.01);添加抑制剂后,与对照组相比,添加抑制剂(inhibitors)的C2C12细胞中处于G0/G1期的细胞比例显著高于对照组,而处于G2/M期的细胞比例显著低于对照组细胞(P0.05);正反试验结果证明,miR-21促进C2C12细胞周期进入S期。为进一步研究miR-21对C2C12细胞的作用机制奠定基础。