岱海游乐场孔孢粉分析及其2500年来古气候演化

本文通过对岱海游乐场钻孔剖面沉积物孢粉的定性、半定量分析,并结合岩性、岩相变化,初步恢复了该地区２５００年来古植被、古气候演化过程。研究结果表明,岱海湖盆自２５００年来植被类型有典型草原—灌丛草原—森林草原—灌丛草原的演化过程,古气候有较暖湿—较暖干—较冷干—较冷湿—较冷干的变化过程。     

热激处理对桃,李离体花枝2n花粉产生的影响

对桃和李通过休眠的花枝在２０℃条件下进行水培,减数分裂前期Ⅰ进行３２℃、１２ｈ热激处理,小孢子母细胞减数分裂四分体时期二分体发生频率为５．８２％～１６．０６％,２ｎ花粉比例为１３．３３％～２０．３７％,处理后花粉离体萌发率较低;３０℃恒温培养导致花蕾败育。二分体频率重复间、花朵间和品种间差异显著。     

Nutritional composition,growth and enzymatic response of vetiver grass grown under crude oil contamination as influenced by gibberellic acid and surfactant

Abstract

Although crude oil contamination is a constraint for crop production, some plants can develop under crude oil contaminated conditions by utilizing crude oil as nutrients after decomposition. A greenhouse trial was conducted to investigate growth, nutritional composition and enzymatic response of vetiver grass in confronting with crude-oil contamination as affected by gibberellic acid (GA) and Tween 80. Application of GA or co-application of GA with Tween 80 significantly increased mean shoot dry weight. Application of Twee 80 alone or in combination with GA significantly increased mean root dry weight as compared to control which was attributed to the effectiveness of Tween 80 alone or in combination with GA on the removal of total petroleum hydrocarbons from polluted soil. Application of crude oil diminished shoot phosphorus, iron, zinc and manganese uptakes. Application of GA and Tween 80, however, compensated the decrease in nutrient uptakes in vetiver grass resulted from crude-oil contamination. Application of crude oil at both 2 and 4% (W/W) levels increased catalase (CAT) activity and proline (PRO) content. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased only following the application of 2% crude oil level, while addition of all amendments decreased CAT activity. Addition of GA decreased activity of SOD. None of the studied amendments had a significant effect on PRO content. Application of a combination of GA and Tween 80 under crude oil contamination are recommendable since such treatments not only inhibited adverse effect of crude oil on nutrients uptake but also caused that vetiver grass tolerated high level of crude oil contamination.     

饲料添加剂双乙酸钠的5P营销策略

基于产品(product)、价格(price)、地点(place)和推广(promotion)等市场营销4P策略的内容,结合双乙酸钠的特征、应用和市场现状,整合融入营销平台(platform),即从4P策略过渡到5P策略,并对双乙酸钠市场营销的5P策略实施进行了分析与探讨.     

Reduced inter-row distance improves yield and competition against weeds in a semi-dwarf durum wheat variety

Weed and nutrient management in cropping systems of semi-arid areas is a major constraint to cereal yield. Where the use of herbicides is banned or discouraged, the competitive ability of a crop is crucial to reduce weed growth and diffusion. Genotypic differences in the competitive abilities of crops are an important trait to reduce weeds, especially for plant height. However, there is contrasting information about the interactions of other management practices and genotypic traits on wheat yield and competitive ability against weeds and weed growth. The present study investigated yield and quality of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) and weed growth and composition for two wheat cultivars with contrasting competitive abilities against weeds. Wheat was grown under three spatial arrangements (5-cm, 15-cm, 25-cm inter-row distance) and three sowing densities, and broadleaf weeds were either removed or not. The sowing rate did not affect the yield of these wheat cultivars or the weed growth. Reduced inter-row distance dramatically reduced weed biomass for both wheat cultivars, and increased wheat yield and nitrogen uptake in the low-competitive, high-yielding, semi-dwarf cv. ‘PR22D89’, when both weed free and with weeds. These results have direct implications for weed and nutrient management in low-input and organic cropping systems.     

Genetic Variability in Phosphorus Acquisition and Utilization Efficiency from Sparingly Soluble P-Sources by Brassica Cultivars under P-Stress Environment

Plants display an array of classical strategies to maximize phosphate (Pi) acquisition from sparingly soluble P sources. Acclimation to Pi-stress via elegant Pi-starvation induced (PSI) adjustments would reduce our current overreliance on expensive, polluting and non-renewable Pi-fertilizers. Nevertheless, differences in the ability of various species to solubilize sparingly soluble P-sources have been often evidenced; inter-cultivar variations are scarcely documented. Brassica is known as an effective, non-mycorrhizal user of sparingly soluble P-sources. Various growth parameters and biomass accumulation by genetically diverse Brassica cultivars were determined in four experiments using hydroponics and quartz sand culture media. Role of PSI root mediated pH changes, organic anions (OAs) exudation and altered root architecture in mobilization and acquisition of sparingly soluble P-forms [Jordan rock-P (RP) at 2 g l⁻¹ and Ca₃(PO₄)₂ (TCP) at 0.2 g l⁻¹ respectively] was investigated. Cultivars showed considerable genetic variations in biomass accumulation, various growth parameters and root–shoot ratio. Concentration and total uptake of P, specific absorption rate of P, P-transport rate and P-utilization efficiency (PUE) were also significantly (P < 0.001) different for various cultivars and their dry matter was significantly correlated with P-uptake [r = 0.94** (significant at 1% level)]. P-tolerant cultivars showed substantial decrease in solution media pH because of H⁺ efflux and exuded more carboxylates than low P-sensitive cultivars under P-starvation. P-uptake by cultivars increased linearly with decreasing pH. The amount and types of OAs exuded from the roots of P-starved plants differed from those of plants grown under P-sufficient environment. In split pot study, with TCP and RP supplied spatially separated from other nutrients, efficient cultivars were still able to mobilize RP and TCP more efficiently than inefficient cultivars. In rhizobox study, the elongation rates of primary roots decreased but the elongation rates of the branched zones of primary roots and the length of lateral roots increased under P-starvation. Tested cultivars showed genetic diversity in accessing, mobilization, acquisition and utilization of Pi from sparingly soluble P forms. An arrange marriage of plant traits can explain cultivar’s access to different forms of sparingly soluble P, and in addition to altered lateral root topology and enhanced P-uptake and PUE, enhanced H⁺ efflux and OAs exudation are key factors in Pi scavenging from extra cellular sparingly soluble P-forms.     

Role of soil redox in growth and fertilizer nitrogen uptake by rice in Thailand paddy soils

Abstract. In a laboratory study, ¹⁵N ammonium fertilizer uptake and rice growth was determined in a non-acid sulphate marine soil (Typic Tropaquept) and an acid sulphate soil (Sulfic Tropaquept). Acid sulphate sensitive (IR 26) and acid sulphate tolerant (IR 46) rice varieties were grown in soil suspensions incubated at four Eh levels (+500, +250, +50, and -150 mV) in microcosms for three weeks. The results showed that rice grown in non-acid sulphate marine soils gave slightly better dry matter weight of 1.8g/pot, greater ¹⁵N uptake of 12.8 mg N/pot, and higher total N uptake of 38.4 mg N/pot than under acid sulphate soil conditions indicating the non-acid marine soil is more favourable to rice culture. Growth as measured by weight of dry matter was significantly reduced from 2.1g/pot under oxidized condition (+500 mV) to 0.8g/pot under highly reduced condition (-150 mV). N uptake by rice was significantly reduced from 16.9 mg/pot at + 500 mV to 4.5 mg N/pot at -150 mV Total N uptake also decreased with decreasing Eh. Growth, ¹⁵N uptake and total N uptake by acid sulphate tolerant rice, IR 46 were significantly higher than the acid sulphate sensitive rice variety, IR 26. Under highly reduced soil conditions (-150 mV), growing rice in acid sulphate soil would require additions of lime, intermittent irrigation and/or mid season drainage in order to increase soil redox potential and remove toxic substances.     

Sulfate and Calcium Movement in an Allophanic Soil—The Relevance of Ion‐Pair Adsorption in the Soil–Plant System

Cooperative adsorption involving anions and cations, termed ion‐pair adsorption (IPA), is reported to increase the retention of some ions in certain soils. Sulfate and calcium can exhibit such interaction, and this affects their movement through the soil. Ion‐pair adsorption is shown here in miscible displacement experiments with a variable‐charge soil. The relevance of IPA under more realistic conditions is further investigated in a pot experiment. Rapeseed (Brassica napus) was grown at two different irrigation regimes and with two sulfur fertilizer sources. Calcium sulfate (CaSO₄·2H₂O) was used to induce IPA in contrast to potassium sulfate (K₂SO₄). The results suggest that IPA reduces sulfate and calcium leaching only in the short term. Continued irrigation dissipates the differences between the two fertilizer sources. Final soil ion concentrations and the plant uptake could not be related to IPA, evidencing the short‐term relevance of IPA. The influence of IPA on the bioavailability of calcium and sulfate to plants still demands further study.     

基于P2P流媒体的校园VOD系统的设计与实现

本文在分析VOD视频点播系统的相关技术,如流媒体技术、应用层组播技术和P2P技术的基础上,并结合高等院校的实际情况,设计了基于P2P流媒体的校园VOD系统。本文设计的基于网络的交互式VOD视频点播系统采用应用组播的工作方式,视频文件采用RMVB等流媒体文件格式。在分析了校园VOD系统的现状以及对系统进行了需求分析的前提下,对校园VOD系统的各个功能模块进行了详细设计。     

The Nutritive Value and Yield of Alfalfa Cultivated on Sulphur Postmining Lands

The study was carried out on the reclaimed lands of a bore-hole sulphur mine. The cropping of two succeeding cuts of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was determined and its chemical composition was analyzed. Alfalfa was cultivated on waste lime (flotation tailings), enriched with a humus layer. The levels of basic nutrients, total S, total F, Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, Fe and Mn were determined in alfalfa. The biomass of an average crop was 6830 kg  ha^–1 in the first cut and 14300 kg  ha^–1 in the second one. The yields of dry matter as well as of crude and true proteins were positively correlated with the phosphorus level in the dry matter of alfalfa (P < 0.01). The level of total sulphur was positively linearly correlated with the phosphorus content (P < 0.01). No harmful accumulation of sulphur or fluoride was observed. A deficiency of phosphorus in alfalfa and an abnormal Ca:P weight ratio was found. The S total level was positively correlated with N total concentration. (P < 0.01). The percentage of true protein in crude protein was negatively correlated with total sulphur (P < 0.01). The level of nonprotein nitrogen compounds was positively correlated with S total level (P < 0.01).