Parameterization and regionalization of Cd sorption characteristics of sandy soils. II. Regionalization: Freundlich k estimates by pedotransfer functions

The aim was to describe Cd sorption in spatially variable sandy soils of the ‘Fuhrberger Feld’ catchment area as a prerequisite for prognosis of Cd transport in soil and of the threat of groundwater pollution. Thus, the possibility is evaluated to derive a generalized Freundlich equation based on multiple regressions relating the retention parameters k and M (from isotherm data of part 1 of this study) to basic soil properties (pedotransfer functions). For the parameter M (exponent), the correlation ‘measured vs estimated’ was weak (r² < 0.5) whereas k was well predictable by pedotransfer functions. The best regression was obtained if organic carbon (OC). clay content and H⁺ activity were combined as independent variables (r² up to 0.96). The obtained k values were much higher than those from comparable literature models, probably due to lower ionic strength and different composition of our background solutions used for the isotherms. As a critical evaluation, the estimates for k were used to derive solute Cd concentrations (C_est) which then were compared to measured data (range 0.1–3 μg L^?1). The best but still unsatisfactory r² was 0.77, obtained if G_est was compared to Cd in 0.01 M_c Ca(NO₃)₂ equilibria (Cd₀). Cd in fresh soil solution (Cd_z) showed no significant correlation with C_est, except for one relationship where OC had been excluded from the preceding multiple regression of k. Generally, the role of the variable OC remained unclear. Direct multiple regressions of measured solute Cd vs soil properties (bypassing k, no sorbed fraction) yielded much closer correlations, with r² = 0.9 for Cd₀ vs OC, H⁺ activity, clay (log data, OC decreases C) and r² = 0.7 for Cd₂ vs OC, H⁺ activity, clay (log data, OC enhances C).     

磷营养对苗期水稻地上部累积镉的影响

采用人工控制光温条件的营养液培养方法,研究了营养液中磷营养对苗期水稻吸收不同浓度镉的影响,结果表明：（１）随着生长介质中磷营养浓度（磷的处理浓度为５,１０,１５ｍｇ／Ｌ）的增加,水稻植株的生物量和株高无明显变化;在各个磷处理水平上,随着镉浓度的增加,水稻地上部镉含量呈增加趋势;（２）随着营养介质中磷浓度的增大,Ｃｄ０．１,Ｃｄ０．５,Ｃｄ１．０处理的水稻地上部镉含量均呈增加趋势,尤其是高镉浓度处理     

美洲黑杨×青杨F_1无性系生根性状的遗传变异及C效应

通过水培生根试验,对１２个美洲黑杨×青杨Ｆ１无性系及两亲本的最早生根时间、主根总长、主根数、侧根数等生根特性进行了研究。所有生根性状均存在显著或极显著的无性系差异,无性系方差占总方差的１４％７０％～３９６６％,并具有较强的超亲优势;以无性系平均为基准的广义遗传力均较高,选择生根能力好的无性系是有效的。所有生根性状均存在极显著的Ｃ效应,Ｃ效应方差占总方差的１３７２％～２０８１％,在进行早期无性系选择时应引起重视。     

水稻的氮磷等产量线及氮磷可替代性的研究

根据１９９６年有关水稻合理施肥研究的结果,于１９９７年选择６个氮磷施肥点,采用随机区组设计证实了等产量线的客观存在性及在一定范围内存在的氮磷肥相互可替代性,并用产量构成因素的变化来对此进行了初步探讨．氮磷等产量线及氮磷可替代性的客观存在,为合理施肥及以此来抑制或控制病虫害等领域提供了可靠的理论依据     

磨削、研磨、喷丸处理对马氏体不锈钢疲劳强度的影响

通过对马氏体不锈钢（２Ｃｒ１３）试片热处理强化处理后,分别进行了磨削及磨削后研磨加工、喷丸处理,以探讨表层硬度、表层残余应力及表面粗糙度等诸因素对疲劳强度的影响。实验表明,减少表面粗糙度Ｒａ值,增加表层残余压应力是提高２Ｃｒ１３不锈钢使用寿命的有效方法。     

P和HCO_3~-对水稻Zn吸收速率和Zn含量的影响

应用营养液培养的方法研究了P和HCO-3对水稻Zn吸收速率和Zn含量的影响。结果表明,P浓度在32－13μM范围内,P对水稻Zn吸收速率和Zn含量有轻微的促进作用,但超过130μM,P会降低水稻Zn吸收速率和Zn含量。一定的P水平下,增加Zn浓度可提高水稻Zn吸收速率。20和40mM的HCO-3严重抑制水稻根对Zn的吸收速率,与对照相比,水稻根的Zn吸收速率分别降低80％-90％和93％－99％。高浓度P和HCO-3共同抑制Zn的吸收,降低Zn的吸收速率。     

盐胁迫下胡杨的离子响应

分析土壤和植物组织中的各种离子关系,发现胡杨对盐分不是简单的抿吸机制;对根系环境中的ＮａＣｌ,胡杨吸收的钠离子显著少于不耐盐的杂种胡杨,而吸收的氯离子却大大超过后者,这与以往报道盐胁迫的胡杨根细胞中形成大量富含氯离子的小液泡是一致的,是一种特殊的区隔化构造,与杂种胡杨相比,胡杨有相对较发达的茎干组织,根和茎干占植株总生物量的比例较大,能吸收和储存有害盐离子而减少其进入叶组织,这是胡杨抗盐性的形态解     

江西省4种水稻土养分限制因子的初步研究

对来自江西农业大学农学实验站、余干县梅岗乡、余干县华林岗乡及星子县廖化镇等４种水稻土,进行实验室分析与吸附试验,并在此基础上确定温室盆栽试验方案,研究４种土壤的养分状况及对高梁生长的影响,为制订水稻施肥方案提供参数依据。结果表明,江西农业大学实验站水稻土主要缺Ｐ,Ｎ,Ｋ,Ｓ,Ｍｏ,Ｚｎ,Ｂ,Ｍｇ等,盆栽不施这些元素,相对产量分别是１７．９％,２９．１％,４１．８％,５３．７％,５８．２％,５８．２     

水稻光(温)敏不育系育性表达对温度的反应差异研究

在控温及自然条件下,比较研究了２２个光（温）敏不育系育性表达对温度的反应差异,结果表明,用２２～２４Ｃ＋１４ｈ光照在育性表达敏感期连续处理７～１０ｄ,部分不育系败育彻底,花粉可染率与自交结实率均为０;部分材料花粉可染率为０．１％～４．２％,但自交结实率为０;还有一部分材料不但花粉可育（可染率０．５％～８０．７％）,而且自交结实（结实率０．１％～５４．８％）．不育系ｇ０５２１Ｓ育性转换方向与其它不育系相反,即高温可育,低温不育。     

甘蔗线条花叶病毒P1蛋白基因原核表达及抗血清制备

甘蔗线条花叶病毒Sugarcane streak mosaic virus(SCSMV)是引起甘蔗花叶病的主要病原之一,在世界各大蔗区普遍发生,严重威胁甘蔗产业的发展.建立快速有效的检测方法对于SCSMV的防控有着重要意义.本研究依据SCSMV P1基因序列合成一对引物,扩增获得1 074 bp的目的基因,将目的基因与...