抗生素对组培条件下植物技原体作用的初探

采用3种国产医用抗生素（盐酸－四环素、交沙霉素、枝原清）以不同浓度处理组培条件下的泡桐丛核病组培苗和甘薯丛枝病组培苗。结果表明：15μg／ml盐酸－四环素对泡桐丛枝病组培苗连续作用60d，病株外观基本恢复正常，再连续作用60d，症状无复发，经电镜观察未发现植物枝原体的存在。2．5μg／ml盐酸－四环素对甘薯丛枝病效果最好，对处理60d的甘薯组培前做电镜观察，未发现植物枝原体的存在。交沙霉素和技原清均对泡桐丛枝病有一定效果，但交沙霉素对泡桐丛枝病组培苗，枝原清对泡桐丛技病组培苗和甘薯丛枝病组培苗均有毒害作用。     

盐酸诺氟沙星在奥尼罗非鱼体内的药动学研究

按照鱼的体重,以10 mg/kg的单剂量,分别给奥尼罗非鱼(Oreochromis aureus×O.niloticus)水剂口灌和混饲口灌盐酸诺氟沙星,用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测给药后各个时间点的血药浓度。结果显示:水剂口灌组和混饲口灌组的药时数据符合开放性二室模型,水剂口灌组药物的吸收、消除都明显快于混饲组,水剂口灌组主要药动学参数为:t1/2ka=0.269 h,t1/2α=0.588 h,t1/2β=16.42 h,Tmax=0.745 h,Cmax=0.123μg/mL,AUC=1.83 h;混饲口灌组主要药代动力学参数:t1/2ka=0.428 h,t1/2α=1.85 h,t1/2β=21.77 h,Tmax=1.63 h,Cmax=0.099μg/mL,AUC=2.42 h。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水稻植株和田水中盐酸吗啉胍消解动态

2011—2012年在黑龙江肇东、河南祝楼、江苏句容三地通过田间试验,研究了盐酸吗啉胍在水稻植株和田水中的消解动态。水稻植株和田水采用UPLC-MS/MS正离子扫描测定残留的盐酸吗啉胍。结果表明,水稻植株和田水的3种添加浓度(0.005、0.05、0.5 mg·kg^-1)平均回收率分别为92.50%-109.20%和86.40%-107.20%,相对标准偏差分别为6.10%-6.90%和0.73%-3.10%。本方法在植株和田水中的最低检出浓度为0.005mg·kg^-1。从消解动力学方程可知,盐酸吗啉胍在水稻植株及田水中的消解半衰期分别为1.2~4.7、1.0-3.5 d。从结果判断盐酸吗啉胍属较易降解农药。     

氨基葡萄糖硫酸钠盐的制备及其性质

以氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐为原料,通过甲醇钠方法制备氨基葡萄糖硫酸钠盐。氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐先与甲醇钠反应生成氨基葡萄糖碱,再与三氧化硫反应,得白色粉末状产品。经物理和化学分析,其[α]     

盐酸林可霉素-硫酸大观霉素混悬注射液在猪体内的药动学研究

8头健康猪按体质量单次深部肌内注射盐酸林可霉素-硫酸大观霉素(5 mg.kg-1林可霉素,10 mg·kg-1大观霉素)混悬注射液后,用高效液相色谱法分别测定林可霉素和大观霉素的血药浓度,使用非房室统计矩分析方法处理得到血药浓度-时间数据.林可霉素主要药动学参数分别为:ke=(0.21±0.01)h-1;t1/2β=(3.38±0.09)h;tmax=(0.29±0.02)h;Cmax=(5.15±0.18)μg·mL-1;AUC0～LOQ=(10.27±0.38)μg·mL-1.h;MRT=(3.52±0.11)h;ClB/F=(0.46±0.01)L·h-1·kg-1;VZ/F=(2.26±0.12)L·kg-1.大观霉素主要药动学参数分别为:ke=(0.43±0.01)h-1;t1/2β=(1.64±0.06)h;tmax=(0.44±0.03)h;Cmax=(20.05±0.70)μg·mL-1;AUC0～LOQ=(51.82±0.98)μg·mL-1·h;MRT=(2.39±0.04)h;ClB/F=(0.19±0.01)L·h-1·kg-1;VZ/F=(0.46±0.02)L·kg-1.结果表明,肌内注射盐酸林可霉素-硫酸大观霉素混悬注射液后,两药均迅速吸收并快速消除,但后者吸收稍慢,消除较快.     

超声提取优选研究多叶棘豆各药用部位盐酸小檗碱的分布

[目的]比较2种超声提取工艺研究多叶棘豆茎、叶、根、种子中盐酸小檗碱分布的不同。[方法]采用2种超声提取工艺对蒙药多叶棘豆茎、叶、根、种子中盐酸小檗碱进行提取并优选(方法Ⅰ是先将蒙药进行超声提取后放置24 h,方法Ⅱ是将蒙药先室温放置24 h再进行超声提取)。在波长426 nm处用分光光度法测定,计算盐酸小檗碱的含量和回收率。[结果]多叶棘豆茎中盐酸小檗碱分布最多,叶、根、种子盐酸小檗碱分布明显减少,而2种提取工艺中方法Ⅱ优于方法Ⅰ,加样回收率在92.58%~110.00%,RSD在0.782 3%~0.974 9%。[结论]多叶棘豆各药用部位盐酸小檗碱分布不均,茎中分布明显多,2种不同超声提取工艺中方法Ⅱ优于方法Ⅰ。     

中华绒螯蟹甲壳溃疡及重金属离子偏高综合症的初步研究

1996年1月初连云港某养蟹场的中华绒螯蟹的抱卵蟹在升温到17℃以上后不断死亡。症状为步足脱落,鳌足上的毛脱落,甲壳上有褐斑。经查明是由于海水中的重金属离子含量较高（Cu2＋0．02mg／L,Zn2＋0．012mg／L）,以及弧菌感染引起甲壳溃疡病。经鉴定,弧菌能在不含盐的培养基中生长,其余的生理生化特性均与副溶血弧菌相同。防治措施为在蓄水池中全池遍洒5×10－6EDTA钠盐,在蟹池内全池遍洒土霉素3．5×10－6,隔天泼1次,连泼3次,同时投喂鱼泰8号药饲5天。治疗效果良好,治愈率达93％。愈后的抱卵蟹孵化幼体正常。     

甜菜碱促进淡水白鲳生长的机制

以淡水白鲳为试验对象,研究并探讨了盐酸甜菜碱促进淡水白鲳生长的机制。试验结果表明,盐酸甜菜碱能促进淡水白鲳生长,降低饲料系数,提高饲料利用率;在生理上,能提高血清中T3、胰岛素及血清白蛋白的含量,极显著降低血清中尿素氮的含量;组织切片图显示：甜菜碱可使小肠绒毛和微绒毛高度、密度及分布均匀度明显提高,对肝细胞超微结构无不良影响。试验结果提示：甜菜碱使L和胰岛素分泌增加,通过神经-内分泌水平调控机体代谢活动,实现其促进生长等功能,还使消化道形态产生有益的变化。     

Dietary supplementation with pioglitazone hydrochloride and l-carnosine improves the growth performance,muscle fatty acid profiles and shelf life of yellow-feathered broiler chickens

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary pioglitazone hydrochloride (PGZ) and l-carnosine (LC) supplementation on the growth performance, meat quality, antioxidant status, and meat shelf life of yellow-feathered broiler chickens. Five hundred broiler chickens were randomly assigned into 4 experimental diets using a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with 2 PGZ supplemental levels (0 and 15 mg/kg) and 2 LC supplemental levels (0 and 400 mg/kg) in basal diets for 28 d. The feed-to-gain ratio decreased whereas the average daily gain increased with PGZ supplementation. Greater dressing percentages, contents of intramuscular fat (IMF) in breast and thigh muscles, C18:3n-6, C18:1n-9 and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) percentages of thigh muscle were observed with PGZ addition. Additionally, significant synergistic effects between PGZ and LC on the C18:1n-9 and MUFA contents were found. Supplementation with LC decreased drip loss, cooking loss and total volatile basic nitrogen, and increased the redness (a∗) value, the superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in thigh muscles. Moreover, the malondialdehyde content decreased when diets were supplemented with LC, and there was a synergistic effect between PGZ and LC. Additionally, the mRNA abundance of lipogenesis-related genes, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), PPARγ co-activator 1α and fatty acid-binding protein 3, increased with PGZ supplementation, and relevant antioxidation genes, such as nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 and superoxide dismutase 1, were enhanced with LC supplementation. In conclusion, the results indicated that the supplementation of PGZ and LC could improve the growth performance, antioxidant ability, IMF content, and meat shelf life of yellow-feathered broiler chickens.