我国蚕种场的生产经营状况分析——基于全国136家蚕种场的问卷调查

蚕种场是蚕种生产与经营的微观主体。通过对全国136家蚕种场问卷调查数据的统计分析,认为我国蚕种场普遍存在以下问题:生产设施陈旧,基础条件落后;人员负担沉重,科技力量薄弱;生产经营规模小,产能过剩严重;蚕种销售范围狭窄,区域分割依旧;科技创新能力不足,缺乏多元化拓展的技术支撑;等等。这些问题导致我国蚕种场整体劳动生产率和资产利用率较低,经济效益较差,除广西、广东和云南3省(区)外,其它省份的蚕种场基本处于亏损状态。从所有制结构来看,虽然各类所有制蚕种场总体都是亏损的,但私营蚕种场的亏损相对最小。建议通过深化蚕种场体制改革,放松对蚕种价格与流通的管制,实现规模化蚕种生产经营,推进科技创新步伐,拓展多元化发展渠道以及发挥政府扶持作用等途径,努力提高我国蚕种场的生产经营效益。     

股权性质、连锁董事与公司绩效

以2005~2012年中国上市公司为样本构建面板数据，研究在不同股权结构的公司中连锁董事对公司绩效的影响，结果发现：连锁董事在董事会中所占比例与公司绩效呈正相关；具有丰富社会资源与经验的连锁董事在国有股权比例高的企业可带来较高的边际效应；国有股权所占比例高的企业，连锁董事在董事会中所占比例越高。     

土地革命战争时期中共地权政策的演变及其机制探讨

土地革命时期,革命根据地的土地政策目标是要推翻封建地主剥削制度,保护和巩固根据地,并为完成新民主主义革命任务打下坚实基础,但早期土地政策的制定却受到了共产国际的影响和制约,混淆民主革命和社会主义革命性质和任务的界限,忽视中国农业的基本国情因素,＂破＂了＂旧＂却＂立＂不起＂新＂,从而导致土地政策经历了公有私耕、公有公耕到...     

我国土地发展权研究现状

从介绍土地发展权的涵义出发,阐述了创立土地发展权的意义并对土地发展权进行了具体设计,指出今后应首先明确土地发展权的界定及其归属,进而在该基础上加深对土地发展权的具体操作。     

基于市场体系推进的京郊土地流转现状及问题研究

近年来,随着市场化和城镇化的逐步加快,国内城乡要素市场的活跃度逐年上升,全国各地稳步推进“三权分置”。为进一步研究北京地区土地市场体系发展情况,以京郊为例探究推进城镇化的同时,在不改变土地所有制性质前提下妥善完成“三权分置”,确保农户获得预期土地经营性收入。通过对过往文献和近10年土地流转数据的比较分析,可以看出研究城乡要素市场的二元性,天然导致了城乡市场发育程度的不一致,在京郊同样表现出土地利用集约化程度低、权益分配机制不合理、整体规划不科学等问题。因此,各级政府需要对市场体系推进中的土地流转进行全程化的引导与支持,作为“隐形的手”对流转双方权益进行保障,这对各级政府治理能力提出了新挑战,对土地使用制度改革提出了新的要求。     

所有权、产业政策指导与银行贷款利率

以上市公司披露的银行信贷数据为样本,实证分析产业政策指导对企业贷款利率的影响。结果表明：产业政策指导中的重点支持类企业和一般支持类企业往往获得了银行贷款的利率优惠,商业银行较好地落实了国家的产业政策;相比于民营企业,与政府有密切关系的国有企业获得了较低的贷款利率,商业银行的信贷决策表现出一定程度的所有权金融歧视。     

“十看”宁夏农村集体土地所有权确权登记发证

为推进宁夏农村集体土地所有权确权登记发证工作依法有序开展,规范宁夏所有权确权登记发证程序,统一全区所有权调查的技术路线、技术标准和技术方法,确保所有权调查成果的准确性和可靠性,结合目前宁夏农村集体土地所有权确权登记发证工作实际,提出宁夏农村集体土地所有权确权登记发证工作要注意的10个方面。     

对职工持股计划的思考

我国的企业职工持股是随着改革开放而产生和发展的.实践证明,它是一种行之有效的企业制度.然而,在实际操作过程中还存在一些问题,为此应尽快完善相关法律制度,并在税收和信贷方面予以支持,以促其健康发展.     

Simulating private land ownership fragmentation in the Missouri Ozarks, USA

Increasing land ownership fragmentation in the United States is causing concerns with respect to its ecological implications for forested landscapes. This is especially relevant given that human influence is one of the most significant driving forces affecting the forest landscape. A method for generating realistic land ownership maps is needed to evaluate the effects of ownership fragmentation on forest landscapes in combination with other natural processes captured in forest process models. Ownership patterns from human activities usually generate landscape boundary shapes different from those arising from natural processes. Spatial characteristics among ownership types – e.g., private, public ownership – may also differ. To address these issues, we developed the Fragmented Land Ownership Spatial Simulator (FLOSS) to generate ownership patterns that reflect the Public Land Survey System (PLSS) shapes and various patch size distributions among different types of ownership (e.g., private, public). To evaluate FLOSS performance, we compared the simulated patterns with various ownership fragmentation levels to the actual ownership patterns in the Missouri Ozarks by using selected landscape indices. FLOSS generated landscapes with spatial characteristics similar to actual landscapes, suggesting that it can simulate different levels of ownership fragmentation. This will allow FLOSS to serve as a feasible tool for evaluating forest management applications by spatially allocating various management scenarios in a realistic way. The potentials and limitations of FLOSS application are discussed.     

Ownership and soil quality as sources of agricultural land fragmentation in highly fragmented ownership patterns

The relation between landscape structure and its drivers is a central issue in studies of landscape ecology. However, agricultural land fragmentation is dealt with in only a few such studies. We have investigated the effects of ownership and soil quality on agricultural land fragmentation in the highly fragmented ownership patterns that characterize some of the transition countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Using patch-scale spatial data generated from GIS, Minimal Adequate Models, based on ANOVA, were performed to test for the effects of ownership and soil quality patterns on arable land and grassland fragmentation across 483 study areas. The results show that there are important differences in the predictors of fragmentation between arable land and grassland. Grassland fragmentation was found to be associated particularly with ownership fragmentation, whereas arable land fragmentation tended to be driven mainly by soil conditions. A higher proportion of public ownership supports the more frequent appearance of larger patches. We found a significantly positive relationship between natural soil fertility and arable land fragmentation, while there was a strongly negative relationship between natural soil fertility and grassland fragmentation. Soil quality diversity was observed to be the most important driver affecting arable land fragmentation, but only a non-significant driver of grassland fragmentation. The study provides arguments for intervention aimed at reducing the huge differences between the levels of land-ownership and the land-use fragmentation.