盘羊准噶尔亚种夏季昼间活动规律研究

采用目标动物取样法对科克森国际狩猎场盘羊夏季昼间行为进行了观察分析,结果表明:盘羊的行为分为采食、警惕、休息、运动、修饰和其他6种类型,各类行为所占比例雌羊为37.82%、4.58%、42.57%、8.07%、3.66%、3.29%,休息行为消耗的时间最多,"其他"行为消耗时间最短;雄羊为39.46%、6.24%、34.23%、12.80%、3.60%、3.67%,采食行为所消耗时间占最多,修饰消耗时间最短。在一天中盘羊的休息有1个高峰期,持续时间较长,从11:00持续到18:00;采食有2个高峰期,分别出现在6:00—10:00和19:00—22:00;在17:00—18:00有1个较为明显的运动高峰期,然后迅速降低。其他行为在一天中发生较为随机,雌雄在警惕、休息和运动上差异性显著(P0.05),而在采食、修饰和其他行为上差异性不显著(P0.05)。     

绵羊iPS细胞诱导及转录组学分析

【目的】建立绵羊(Ovis aries)诱导性多能干细胞系,为绵羊转基因育种、应用绵羊诱导性多能干细胞奠定基础。【方法】利用电转将OCT4、SOX2、KLF4、l-Myc、Lin28转染至绵羊成纤维细胞中并诱导培养至有光滑隆起、边缘整齐的细胞克隆,形态学、碱性磷酸酶(AP)染色、免疫荧光染色以及实时荧光定量PCR检测克隆细胞的生物学特性;利用高通量测序技术对诱导0、10、20、30 d的阳性细胞的差异表达基因进行筛选。【结果】克隆细胞中SOX2、OCT4、SSEA-1蛋白免疫荧光染色均呈阳性; OCT4、SOX2、Nanog基因表达量均极显著高于成纤维细胞;0和30 d转录组测序表明,被注释到GO数据库的差异表达基因有9 465个,其中,上调基因6 987个,下调基因2 478个;KEGG分析共有5 773个基因注释到259个通路中,其中,P53信号通路显著富集,且其在干细胞增殖方面起着非常重要的作用。【结论】初步成功建立了绵羊诱导性多能干细胞。     

导入野生盘羊瘦肉基因培育巴什拜羊新品系

对野生盘羊与巴什拜羊进行导入杂交和回交,通过对杂交一代和一、二代回交后代生长发育、肉用表型、脂臀大小、外形体质、肉成分的变化进行观察及测定,并与纯巴什拜羔羊进行了比较。结果表明,一、二代回交后代羔羊在体尺指标和外部特征上野生基因占优势,脂臀减少,有些母羊几乎没有脂臀,脂肪含量和胆固醇含量降低,蛋白质含量和瘦肉率明显提高。早期的生长速度和强度较好,继承了巴什拜羊早期生长发育快的遗传特征。     

Identification of polymorphisms in the oocyte-derived growth differentiation growth factor 9 (GDF9) gene associated with litter size in New Zealand sheep (Ovis aries) breeds

Having the ability to control litter size is important for sheep farmers and breeders worldwide. However, making genetic gain in key livestock traits like reproductive performance needs typically a lot of time, and both the fecundity and fertility traits have a great economic importance. Attention has therefore turned to better understanding the genes that control reproductive performance. Of these genes, research has focussed on the growth differentiation growth factor 9 (GDF9) gene (GDF9). In this study, a PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) approach was used to investigate variation in this gene in separate groups of purebred Finnish Landrace sheep, Finnish Landrace × Texel-cross sheep and composite sheep of undefined breed background, but based on New Zealand Romney-type genetics. Three GDF9 variants (named A, B and C) were found, and upon DNA sequencing, the nucleotide substitutions c.978A>G, c.994G>A and c.1111G>A were revealed. The frequency of variant A (containing nucleotides c.978A, c.994G and c.1111G) in the Finnish Landrace, Finnish Landrace × Texel-cross and composite sheep was 0.86, 0.78 and 0.76, respectively. In these three sheep groups, the frequency of B (defined by the presence of nucleotides c.978G and c.994A) was 0.01, 0.03 and 0.23 and for C (containing c.1111A) was 0.13, 0.18 and 0.01, respectively. An animal model was used to estimate the additive effect of fertility data for Finnish Landrace × Texel-cross sheep and revealed an association between litter size and the c.1111G>A variation (p = .036), but this was not observed for the Finnish Landrace sheep (p = .27) or the composite sheep (p = .17). When all the sheep were analysed together, the presence of c.1111A was associated (p < .05) with increased litter size, when compared to ewes that had c.1111G. Litter size did not differ between sheep with and without c.994A in all three groups of sheep investigated. This study suggests that c.1111A could be a useful genetic marker for improving fecundity in New Zealand sheep breeds and that it could be introgressed into other breeds, but analysis of more sheep will be required to confirm the associations that have been observed here.     

绵羊磷脂酶C-γ1基因克隆及生物信息学分析

本研究旨对绵羊磷脂酶C-γ1（PLC-γ1）基因预测序列进行筛选鉴定,获取PLC-γ1基因序列并对其生物信息学进行分析。根据GeneBank （登录号：NC_040264.1）及Ensembl （登录号：ENSOARG00000001700.1）给出的绵羊PLC-γ1的4种不同预测的转录本的编码区（CDS）区进行BLAST对比,在非同源区内两端设计引物,从绵羊卵巢提取总RNA并转录成cDNA,运用RT-PCR方法扩增该特异性片段,胶回收后测序,经BLAST比对筛选出和与该片段一致基因序列。根据筛选序列的引物,运用LA Taq（GC Buffer）髙保真酶对绵羊PLC-γ1基因进行PCR扩增,胶回收产物连接PUC57-T载体并转化大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞,挑选单克隆进行测序。利用生物信息学技术对该基因及编码的氨基酸序列进行分析。结果显示,试验成功扩增出非同源片段330 bp,经BLAST对比分析,预测的转录本X3预测序列与其一致,连接PUC57-T载体,经测序成功扩增3 870 bp的绵羊PLC-γ1基因。绵羊PLC-γ1基因与山羊关系紧密,与牛、马、猪等家畜具有较强的进化关系,蛋白分子式为C₆₅₈₂H₁₀₁₆₀N₁₈₁₂O₁₉₆₂S₅₈。理论分子质量为147.9 ku,存在于细胞质内,且不具备跨膜性,无信号肽,为亲水性弱酸不稳定蛋白。该基因N、C端GC含量偏高,分别达80%、70%以上,具备SH2、SH3、C2等高度保守结构域,二级结构中α-螺旋、延伸链、β-转角、无规则卷曲占比分别为36.46%、16.14%、5.04%和42.36%,磷酸化位点有112个,Y428、Y509和S514为关键磷酸化位点。本研究结果为绵羊PLC-γ1蛋白表达研究提供了理论依据,对研究新疆地方品种羊的胚胎发育、提高受精率等具有重要意义。     

绵羊和人主要组织相容性复合体DRB1基因外显子2多态性及生物信息学分析

本试验旨在研究绵羊和人的主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)DRB1基因外显子2(exon2)单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)和单氨基酸多态性(SAPs),并进行生物信息学分析。运用生物基因组学数据库,利用生物信息学及比较基因组学方法对人与绵羊MHC-DRB1基因exon2序列多态性进行分析,采用生物信息学软件对绵羊MHC-DRB1的蛋白质结构及生物学功能进行预测和分析。结果显示,人主要组织相容性复合体(HLA)和绵羊主要组织相容性复合体(OLA)的DRB1 exon2均存在丰富的SNPs位点和SAPs位点,单一多态位点和简约多态位点数不尽相同,二者相比仅有14个SNPs位点相同,其余位点均不同。序列分析结果表明,二者MHC-DRB1 exon2序列具有高度相似性。进一步生物信息学分析结果显示序列变异引起的单氨基酸变化引发了蛋白质二级结构和三级结构的改变,可能因此会引起基因功能的异常,从而引发抗病性和疾病易感性的变异。