生态农业在元谋干热河谷生态旅游中的开发前景

元谋干热河谷生态旅游资源丰富,但缺乏对资源的总体结构组装和综合功能的发挥,生态农业在该区的兴起和完善,解决了该区发展生态旅游的这个关键问题。从元谋干热河谷的区位、旅游市场、资源等优势出发,初步提出利用生态农业对该区各种旅游资源进行组装后的多种具有生态景观结构功能、观光旅游功能、生态环境保护功能、学习参与娱乐功能的生态农业模式,探讨生态农业在该区生态旅游发展中的重要性、可行性及开发前景。     

不同生育期灌水和施氮对春玉米农田硝态氮迁移及产量的影响

通过对大田春玉米进行不同生育期灌水和施氮处理,研究了不同灌水和施氮对玉米农田硝态氮运移和产量的影响。结果表明:生物产量和籽粒产量及其灌溉水利用效率有随施氮量增加而增大的趋势。与全生育期灌水比较,任何生育期不灌水处理都造成生物产量和籽粒产量降低,而生育期不灌水处理增加了灌溉水利用效率,两个生育期不灌水处理的生物产量和籽粒产量的灌溉水利用效率最高。在春玉米生长阶段,拔节期,抽穗期和成熟期不灌水对生物产量影响显著,抽穗期不灌水、苗期与灌浆期不灌水、拔节期期和灌浆期不灌水处理显著影响籽粒产量。     

Irrigation restriction effects on water use efficiency and osmotic adjustment in Aloe Vera plants (Aloe barbadensis Miller)

Aloe barbadensis Miller, known as Aloe Vera, requires limited irrigation depending on the capacity of the soil to retain humidity, since it is a CAM species and thus naturally adapted to conditions of dryness and high temperatures. Therefore, we postulated that plants of Aloe Vera plants under conditions of water deficit should improve their water use efficiency (WUE) by performing osmotic adjustment (OA) with a temporal correlation between WUE and OA. The objective of the investigation was to determine the effect of water restriction on the WUE and OA of A. barbadensis under different water treatments. 18-month old Aloe Vera plants were cultivated in pots with a soil substrate that was a mixture of equal parts of sand and organic matter with 18% of FC and 9% of permanent wilting point. To determine the effects of the soil humidity on plant WUE and OA, four treatments were arranged in a complete random design with four repetitions; these were 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% of FC, which correspond to an evatranspiration of 11.4, 9.6, 4.0 and 1.7 L per plant, respectively. The water treatments were maintained by frequent irrigation. The following variables were determined: dry matter, leaf water potential, relative water content (RWC), amount of gel produced, sap flow, proline content, soluble and total sugars and oligo and polyfructans. Aloe Vera increased WUE with increasing water deficit; the sap flow rate decreased with water restrictions, and the plants performed osmotic adjustment by increasing the synthesis of proline, soluble and total sugars as well as the amounts of oligo and polyfructans, mainly polymers of β-(2 → 6) kestotriose, changing from the inulin type to the neofructan type. The plants most and less irrigated (100% and 25% of FC) were the groups with lowest WUE. The plants irrigated with 75% of FC presented the best WUE in terms of dry mass and amount of gel produced by a litre of supplied water.     

Genotypic differences of maize in grain yield response to deficit irrigation

This study was undertaken to investigate genotypic differences of five maize cultivars in grain yield response to two different modes of deficit irrigation, conventional deficit irrigation and partial root zone irrigation. Three irrigation treatments were implemented: (1) FULL irrigation, the control treatment where plant water requirement, 100% Class-A pan evaporation, was fully met and the furrows on both sides of the plant rows were irrigated; (2) partial root zone irrigation (PRI), 35% deficit irrigation, compared to FULL treatment, was applied in every other furrow thus irrigating only one side of the plant rows. The furrows irrigated were alternated every irrigation; (3) conventional deficit irrigation (CDI), the same amount of water as PRI was applied in furrows on both sides of the plant rows, similar to FULL irrigation treatment. Five maize cultivars (P.31.G.98, P.3394, Rx:9292, Tector and Tietar) showing extreme growth response to water stress were selected out of ten cultivars tested with earlier completed greenhouse-pot experiment. A split-plot experimental design, comprising three irrigation treatments and five maize cultivars with four replicates, was used during two years of work, in 2005 and 2006. Total of nine irrigations, with one-week irrigation interval, were annually applied using a drip-irrigation system. Soil water status was monitored using a neutron moisture gauge, in addition to measuring leaf water potential and above-ground biomass production throughout the growing season. Grain yield and other yield attributes were measured at harvest as well as assessing differences in plant root distributions. Decrease in grain yield and harvest index of the tested cultivars, compared to FULL treatment, was proportionally less under PRI than CDI. Whether or not a significant yield advantage can be obtained under PRI compared to CDI showed significant (P < 0.05) genotypic variability. Tector and Tietar among the tested cultivars of maize showed significantly higher grain yield (P < 0.05) under PRI than CDI. The yield advantage of the genotypes (P.3394 and Tector) under PRI compared to CDI seems related to their enhanced root biomass developed under PRI.     

山东省青州市耕地地力等级评价研究

本文介绍了农业部有关耕地地力等级评价在山东省青州市的试点研究结果。整个评价是建立在全面野外调查和室内化验分析以获取大量耕地地力相关信息的基础上,以GIS和SPSS等技术并结合有关数学模型为依托,对耕地地力进行的自动化和定量化评价。对耕地地力等级的分布特点、利用现状、存在问题及对策也进行了分析,希望能对青州市耕地高效和可持续利用提供科学依据。     

Changes in sorghum production,soil P forms and P use efficiency following long-term application of manure,compost and straw in a Ferric Lixisol

Low phosphorus availability in cultivated soils limits sustainable crop production in sub‐Saharan Africa. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of long‐term application of different types of organic amendments on soil P forms, P use efficiency and sorghum yields. A long term experiment established in 1980 at Saria in Burkina Faso, comparing the effects of manure, compost and sorghum straw was used. Manure and compost significantly increased organic P and resin‐P by about 35% and 64%, respectively after 10 and 32 years of sorghum cultivation, and HCl‐P after 32 years of cultivation compared to the control. Manure significantly increased NaHCO₃-Pi and NaOH-Pi by 63% and 26%, respectively compared to the control. Sorghum straw had little effect on measured soil P forms. Manure and compost were the best in increasing sorghum grain yield, which effect were strongly correlated to soil pH, carbon and nitrogen. The partial factors productivities of P resulting from the application of studied organic amendments were similar and low, but significantly higher than that of the control treatment. Organic amendments with high P content, maintaining soil carbon and pH could be used to improve soil P availability, sorghum yield and reduce the demand for mineral phosphorus fertilizers.     

长江上游流域土地利用对面源污染影响及其差异

基于遥感与地理信息系统技术,对比分析了长江上游流域2000—2006年土地利用变化;利用输出系数模型,计算了土地利用引起的面源污染负荷,并从面源污染TN和TP负荷量、负荷强度和不同来源等角度,综合分析得出长江上游流域土地利用变化对面源污染影响及其差异。2000—2006年,长江上游流域耕地面积减少约1.10×104km2,林地面积增加约1.10×104km2,其他土地利用变化很小,表明西部大开发以来,天然林资源保护、长江防护林和退耕还林等工程实施效果明显。长江上游流域土地利用造成的TN和TP负荷量2000年分别为114.14×104t和3.39×104t,2006年分别为111.21×104t和3.31×104t。四川省西北部雅砻江中游流域、大渡河上游流域、岷江上游流域和贵州省北部乌江中游流域,2000—2006年面源TN和TP负荷显著减少。     

目标差异化导向下南方丘陵地区农村居民点空间重构

随着城镇化进程的不断加快,农村居民点面临多元分化和重组。科学划分农村居民点类型,确定不同空间优化模式,对于实现乡村振兴,推进城乡融合发展具有重要意义。该研究以江西省乐平市为例,在筛选丘陵地区优势居民点\     

中国耕地低碳利用效率时空演变及其驱动因素

探究耕地低碳利用效率演变规律及其驱动因素对实现耕地利用高效低碳、助力农业绿色发展具有重要意义。该研究构建耕地低碳利用效率评价体系,采用超效率SBM模型测度1998-2018年中国30个省级行政区耕地低碳利用效率,分别采用核密度估计、可视化制图和总体分异测度指数刻画耕地低碳利用效率时序特征、空间格局和区域差异,进而采用地理探测器模型识别耕地低碳利用效率演变驱动因素并剖析各因素驱动机制。研究结果表明：1）研究期内中国耕地低碳利用效率逐步提高并呈现\     

商丘大豆种质及其利用

对商丘大豆种质的历史演变历程、种质体系的建立、种质特性及利用进行综合剖析，为合理利用商丘大豆种质提供参考依据。