中国华南地区稻纵卷叶螟迁飞的一次雷达观测

【目的】研究稻纵卷叶螟（Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée）在华南地区的迁飞行为参数,为其早期预警及有效防控提供依据。【方法】利用毫米波扫描昆虫雷达及相关辅助设备对中国华南地区稻纵卷叶螟的空中飞行参数进行研究,并运用HYSPLIT平台对监测到的迁出种群进行迁飞轨迹分析。【结果】在中国华南地区,稻纵卷叶螟在日落后起飞,20：00左右达到起飞高峰,起飞可持续1 h左右;稻纵卷叶螟迁飞高度主要在1 000 m以下,具有聚集成层现象,可形成2-3层,100-300、400-500 m成层密度较大。成层现象与局部风速极值有关,与风向关系不大,但最大密度并不总是出现在最大风速处。轨迹分析显示,此次从兴安迁出的稻纵卷叶螟蛾经过3次再迁飞,可到达广西河池地区继续繁殖危害,而到达贵州遵义、黔南地区的虫群由于缺乏食物来源无法生存。【结论】稻纵卷叶螟在华南地区的迁飞行为参数与华东地区有所不同。     

幼苗期油菜几何造型研究(英文)

[目的]研究幼苗期油菜的几何造型。[方法]通过对幼苗期油菜的形态结构和生长过程的观测分析,提出了基于形态结构特征参数的幼苗期油菜三维形态数学模型及其可视化方法。根据油菜各器官的形态结构特征提取了不同的控制参数,并利用3次B啨zier曲面生成大小各异的油菜叶片与叶柄模型,同时采用上下底面积不同的圆柱体作为主茎模型,最后通过旋转、缩放、拼接等操作实现了幼苗期整株油菜的三维重建。[结果]该方法具有一定的可控性,简单方便,可快速构建幼苗期油菜几何模型。[结论]为油菜形态模型研究提供了参考。     

Chinese urban migrants' sense of place: Emotional attachment,identity formation,and place dependence in the city and community of Guangzhou

In this paper, we study urban migrants' sense of place in Guangzhou, China, focusing on the structural relations between place attachment, identification and dependence as the three key place dimensions. Through both quantitative structural equation modelling and qualitative analysis of in‐depth interviews data, our research suggests that migrants' sense of place demonstrates complex relationships between the three registers of emotional attachment, identity formation and functional dependence. The construction of sense of place is also related to the personal experiences of living as urban ‘outsiders’. Our research also reveals a striking difference between the city and community levels in terms of the ways in which migrants' sense of place is constructed. Urban migrants tend to exploit the functional utilities of microscopic urban spaces to meet their demands for recreation, education and socialisation. On the other hand, their sense of place to the city is largely compromised by their attachment to the hometown and conditioned by their personal identification to the city.     

大麦黄条点花叶病毒传播方式和传播特性研究初报

大麦黄条点花叶病毒(Barley yellow striate mosaic virus,BYSMV)是我国小麦产区新发现的一种病毒,为了明确该病毒的发生流行规律并建立相应的防治方法,在温室条件下对该病毒的传播方式、介体传毒特性进行了研究。初步研究结果表明:BYSMV仅由介体昆虫灰飞虱(Laodelphax striatellus Fallén)传播,不能通过机械摩擦、土壤和病残体传播。该病毒在灰飞虱体内的循回期最短为6 d,接种后20 d达到传毒发病盛期。灰飞虱最短获毒和传毒时间均为1 min,病毒在小麦苗中的最短潜育期为5 d。由此可见,灰飞虱对BYSMV具有较强的获毒和传毒能力。本研究为下一步进行该病毒的寄主范围、病害的发生规律等方面的研究提供了技术手段,也为生产上预防和控治由该病毒引起的病害提供了理论依据。     

四川花萼山国家级自然保护区蕨类植物区系分析

研究四川花萼山国家级自然保护区蕨类植物区系。结果表明,蕨类植物区系成分复杂,类型丰富,有蕨类植物35科67属192种;优势科属明显,科内及属内分化程度较高;科属地理成分以热带成分占优势,种的地理成分以温带成分为主;生境特点以土生为主;与城口大巴山和巫溪阴条岭保护区物种相似性系数较高,关系较为密切。     

Improved porcine model for Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli infection by deprivation of colostrum feeding in newborn piglets

Porcine edema disease (ED) is a toxemia caused by enteric infection with Shiga toxin 2e (Stx2e)‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC). ED occurs most frequently during the weaning period and is manifested as emaciation associated with high mortality. In our experimental infection with a specific STEC strain, we failed to cause the suppression of weight gain in piglets, which is a typical symptom of ED, in two consecutive experiments. Therefore, we examined the effects of deprivation of colostrum on the sensitivity of newborn piglets to STEC infection. Neonatal pigs were categorized into two groups: one fed artificial milk instead of colostrum in the first 24 h after birth and then returned to the care of their mother, the other breastfed by a surrogate mother until weaning. The oral challenge with 10¹¹ colony‐forming units of virulent STEC strain on days 25, 26 and 27 caused suppression of weight gain and other ED symptoms in both groups, suggesting that colostrum deprivation from piglets was effective in enhancing susceptibility to STEC. Two successive STEC infection experiments using colostrum‐deprived piglets reproduced this result, leading us to conclude that this improved ED piglet model is more sensitive to STEC infection than the previously established models.     

Pharmacokinetics and dynamics of mycophenolate mofetil after single‐dose oral administration in juvenile dachshunds

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is recommended as an alternative/complementary immunosuppressant. Pharmacokinetic and dynamic effects of MMF are unknown in young‐aged dogs. We investigated the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of single oral dose MMF metabolite, mycophenolic acid (MPA), in healthy juvenile dogs purpose‐bred for the tripeptidyl peptidase 1 gene (TPP1) mutation. The dogs were heterozygous for the mutation (nonaffected carriers). Six dogs received 13 mg/kg oral MMF and two placebo. Pharmacokinetic parameters derived from plasma MPA were evaluated. Whole‐blood mitogen‐stimulated T‐cell proliferation was determined using a flow cytometric assay. Plasma MPA C_max (mean ± SD, 9.33 ± 7.04 μg/ml) occurred at <1 hr. The AUC_0–∞ (mean ± SD, 12.84±6.62 hr*μg/ml), MRT_inf (mean ± SD, 11.09 ± 9.63 min), T1/2 (harmonic mean ± PseudoSD 5.50 ± 3.80 min), and k/d (mean ± SD, 0.002 ± 0.001 1/min). Significant differences could not be detected between % inhibition of proliferating CD5+ T lymphocytes at any time point (p = .380). No relationship was observed between MPA concentration and % inhibition of proliferating CD5+ T lymphocytes (R = .148, p = .324). Pharmacodynamics do not support the use of MMF in juvenile dogs at the administered dose based on existing therapeutic targets.     

苏丹草诱集带对玉米田亚洲玉米螟的诱集效应

[目的]以新疆近年来引进种植的优质牧草苏丹草作为诱集植物,探讨不同播种方式对亚洲玉米螟的诱集效应,为玉米螟治理的生态调控技术提供科学依据.[方法]通过在玉米田以不同播种期、不同密度播种苏丹草诱集带和玉米-苏丹草同行混作以及不同品种的玉米田种植苏丹草诱集带等方式对玉米田的亚洲玉米螟发生、为害情况进行比较,明确苏丹草诱集带对玉米螟的生态调控作用.[结果]5月2日、5月27日和6月14日三个不同播种期的苏丹草诱集带对降低玉米田亚洲玉米螟为害率都有显著作用,效果达14.29;～100;;以不同密度播种的苏丹草诱集带和苏丹草-玉米按不同比例同行混作对亚洲玉米螟的诱集效果不显著;玉米螟为害甜玉米美糯2号的程度显著高于普通饲料玉米SC704.[结论]尽管美糯2号甜玉米田的苏丹草诱集带对玉米螟的诱集率较SC704普通饲料玉米田显著高9.4;,但苏丹草的诱集作用对减轻玉米受害程度在玉米品种间并无显著差异.     

不同地理种群玉米螟赤眼蜂对极端温湿条件的反应

在高温低湿（31 ℃,45% RH和34 ℃,45% RH）和低温低湿（16 ℃, 45% RH和19 ℃,45% RH）不同温湿组合条件下,以亚洲玉米螟卵为寄主,研究了不同地理种群玉米螟赤眼蜂的寿命、生殖力和性比情况。结果表明,在31 ℃,45% RH条件下,北京种群和日照种群平均每雌分别寄生(17.60±1.70)粒和(17.44±1.46)粒,显著高于其他种群（p＜0.05）。在19 ℃,45% RH条件下,广东广州种群寄生寄主卵数最多,平均每雌寄生(26.65±2.17)粒,与其他种群差异显著（p＜0.05）。北京种群、日照种群和广州种群分别可以作为高温低湿和低温低湿条件下防治亚洲玉米螟的候选种群。     

亚洲玉米螟幼虫体内储存蛋白cDNA片段克隆与序列分析

为研究亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis(Guen e)幼虫体内储存蛋白(SP)表达调控的分子机制,根据不同昆虫储存蛋白基因序列的保守区域,设计合成简并引物,采用RT-PCR技术从亚洲玉米螟5龄幼虫中扩增出一段cDNA片段,大小为892bp,编码297个氨基酸,预测分子量为35.7kD,理论等电点pI值为8.73。该基因序列中含有保守的幼虫储存蛋白(LSP)两个特征基序YFTEDIDLNTYYYYFHVDYP和TALRDPVFC。Blast P分析结果表明:该片段推导的氨基酸序列与斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura适量甲硫氨酸SP-1的一致性最高,为77%;与小菜蛾Plutella xylostella富含甲硫氨酸SP-1和SP-2、印度谷螟Plodia interpunctellaSP、美国白蛾Hyphantria cuneaSP-2和粉茎螟Sesamia nonagrioides适量甲硫氨酸SP氨基酸序列的一致性分别为74%、74%、72%、71%和65%。构建系统发育树分析了9种鳞翅目昆虫储存蛋白进化关系,结果显示:亚洲玉米螟cDNA片段氨基酸序列与小菜蛾富含甲硫氨酸SP-1的亲缘关系最近,与粉茎螟适量甲硫氨酸SP亲缘关系最远。