甜玉米玉米螟的发生危害与防治措施

研究了吉林省公主岭地区甜玉米上亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis(Guene)的发生危害和防治措施。田间抗螟性人工接虫鉴定结果表明,甜玉米710A和普通玉米自交系丹340的食叶级别为9级,即高感玉米螟,而单交种邢抗5号和邢抗2号的食叶级别为5级,为中抗型。与普通感虫和中等抗虫性玉米品种相比,取食甜玉米的玉米螟幼虫存活率高3～7倍,发育速度更快,提前约4～8天(1～2个龄期),说明甜玉米比普通玉米感虫。甜玉米比普通玉米及早播比晚播田更吸引玉米螟产卵。田间小区试验表明,化学杀虫剂的防治效果比白僵菌和苏云金杆菌的好,以氯菊酯喷雾防治效果最好,虫孔减退率达90％;其次是杀螟灵颗粒剂、Bt喷雾和Bt颗粒剂;而白僵菌的防治效果较差,喷雾防治效果好于颗粒剂。大田防治效果与小区试验基本相同。同时还分析了氯菊酯防治甜玉米玉米螟的防治策略、防治时期、施用次数等。此外,对Bt制剂作为化学杀虫剂的取代品及与其它生物防治方法协调使用的优点与潜力进行了讨论。     

斑马鱼miR-30e对血细胞生成的作用机制研究

microRNA(简写为miRNA)是一类内源基因编码的单链RNA分子,参与转录后基因的表达调控,在血液生成过程中起着重要作用.为研究miR-30e对鱼类血液生成的作用机制,以斑马鱼Danio rerio作为模式生物,针对青藏高原裂腹鱼血液组织中高表达的miR-30e,利用生物信息软件预测斑马鱼miR-30e的靶基因,...     

松毛虫赤眼蜂结合自走式高秆作物喷雾机防治玉米螟的效果

为探索防治二代玉米螟幼虫的新技术,在田间释放松毛虫赤眼蜂后,应用自走式高秆作物喷雾机喷药防治玉米螟.结果表明,此综合技术防治玉米螟的平均防治效果达64.22％,挽回玉米产量损失率11.20％,而仅用赤眼蜂防治一代玉米螟的平均防治效果为56.95％,挽回玉米产量损失率9.25％.因此,自走式高秆作物喷雾机喷药对玉米螟二代幼虫有控制效果.松毛虫赤眼蜂结合自走式高秆作物喷雾机喷药的综合防治技术能够减少田间玉米螟一代和二代幼虫数量,在玉米螟多代发生区可根据玉米螟发生情况和粮食生产的需要进行选用.     

Swine fever. Immunisation of piglets

Vaccination against Swine Fever using the CL Chinese strain can be done in 7-day-old piglets if they are born of non-immune sows. The simultaneous weaning and vaccination emphasises the safety of this strain. The excellent immunity observed confirms the immunocompetence of 7-day-old piglets. In piglets born of immune sows and also weaned at 7 days, passive protection can extend beyond the age of 2 months if the sow is vaccinated several months prior to gestation. The immune level of the piglets would seem to depend on the interval between vaccination of the sow and farrowing and can be attributed to the quality of the antibodies transmitted by the colostrum. Piglets born of sows vaccinated 10 months prior to farrowing can be vaccinated as early as 5 weeks; the protection percentage observed at the age of about 6 months is over 80%. A booster injection at this age then confers immunity to future breeders throughout their economic life, i.e. 4 years in the reported experiment.     

湟中马血清酯酶多态性的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对青海省湟中县９１匹马血清酯酶的多态性进行了研究。结果发现：①湟中马的血清酯酶受ＥＳ＾Ｆ，ＥＳ＾Ｉ，ＥＳ＾Ｓ和ＥＳ＾Ｏ４个等位基因的控制，其基因频率分别为０．４４５０，０．５３３０，０．０１１０和０．０１１０；②在被检湟中马的ＥＳ位点上共发现ＥＳ Ｆ，ＥＳ ＦＩ，ＥＳ Ｉ，ＥＳ ＩＳ和ＥＳ Ｏ五种表型，以ＥＳ ＦＩ为优势表型（４７．２５％）；③ＥＳ等位基因频率无性别差异；④     

Hypertrophic gastropathy associated with gastric sarcoma in a dog

A 14-y-old spayed female Labrador Retriever was presented with an 8-mo history of chronic vomiting. Abdominal ultrasound and gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a mass protruding into the gastric lumen, with cytologic features suggestive of sarcoma. A partial gastrectomy was performed; the gastric body and antrum were thickened, with a cerebriform appearance of the mucosal surface. Histologic examination revealed a submucosal neoplastic proliferation of fusiform cells variably arranged in irregular bundles and scattered whorls. Fusiform cells strongly reacted to antibodies against vimentin, S100, and neuron-specific enolase; glial fibrillary acidic protein was moderately and multifocally expressed. Pancytokeratin, KIT, α–smooth muscle actin, and desmin were nonreactive. Histologic and immunohistochemical findings suggested a diagnosis of gastric sarcoma with features referable to a non-GIST (gastrointestinal stromal tumor), non–smooth muscle NIMT (non-angiogenic, non-lymphogenic intestinal mesenchymal tumor). The overlying gastric mucosa was thickened by elongated and dilated gastric glands, predominantly lined by intensely periodic acid-Schiff–stained mucous cells. This altered mucosal architecture was suggestive of Ménétrier-like disease. Although this disease has been hypothesized to predispose to gastric adenocarcinoma in dogs, an association with gastric sarcoma has not been documented previously in the veterinary literature, to our knowledge.     

一个籼稻叶夹角新基因的激素敏感性分析和基因定位

本研究对一个叶夹角变小、叶片短而直立的突变体ser(Short and erect)进行了植物激素敏感性试验和基因定位。激素试验结果表明,ser对赤霉素(Gibberellic acid,GA)敏感而对油菜素内酯(Brassinolide,BR)敏感性降低。遗传分析结果表明,ser的直立叶性状受1对隐性单基因ser控制。在ser×08CR578 F2群体中,利用分子标记将ser基因定位在水稻第5染色体长臂上的标记RM3437与RM5454之间,ser基因距离2个标记的遗传距离分别为5.3c M和1.5 c M;在ser×L604 F2群体中,ser基因定位于第5染色体上标记RM18504与RM1237之间,距离2个标记的遗传距离分别为1.5 c M和2.1 c M。在2个群体中,ser基因均与标记RM18532共分离。本研究为进一步精细定位与克隆ser基因奠定了基础,也为解析水稻叶夹角变化机制及选育高产理想株型水稻提供了理论支撑和基因资源。     

OsMAX1a,OsMAX1e通过参与独角金内酯的合成调控水稻分蘖

独角金内酯是调控水稻分蘖的重要激素,在拟南芥中AtMAX1编码细胞色素P450蛋白,是独角金内酯合成途径的重要基因。通过同源序列比对,发现在水稻中有5个MAX1同源基因,包括OsMAX1a、OsMAX1b、OsMAX1c、OsMAX1d和OsMAX1e。分析5个OsMAX1基因的转录水平,发现OsMAX1a和OsMAX1e基因能够在水稻组织中稳定高效表达。对OsMAX1a和OsMAX1e的基因功能进行了验证,在拟南芥中过量表达OsMAX1a和OsMAX1e基因能够使max1突变体多分支表型恢复正常;在水稻中干涉OsMAX1a和OsMAX1e基因的表达能够增加水稻分蘖数。进一步的研究表明,外施GR24能够抑制OsMAX1a和OsMAX1e基因的表达,磷饥饿条件能够提高两个基因的表达水平从而促进独角金内酯的合成。另外,外施生长素和激动素能够显著影响OsMAX1a和OsMAX1e的表达。因此,OsMAX1a和OsMAX1e基因参与了独角金内酯的合成,并且在水稻生长发育中响应植物激素信号的诱导,是调控水稻分蘖的重要基因。     

赤眼蜂寄生后亚洲玉米螟卵内保幼激素酯酶活力与蜕皮激素滴度的变化

采用放射化学法（RC）与放射免疫法（RIA）分别测定了被玉米螟赤眼蜂（Trichogramma ostriniae)寄生的亚洲玉米螟（Ostrinia furnacalis)卵内保幼激素酯酶活力与蜕皮激素滴度的变化。结果发现，被寄生的卵内，保幼激素酯酶活力和蜕皮激素滴度的变化在很大程度上反映了玉米螟赤眼蜂从卵到蛹的个体发育过程中体内激素的动态变化。与玉米螟卵内激素变化显不同，说明早期被寄生的玉米螟卵内进行的是玉米螟赤眼蜂的个体发育，而玉米玉米螟的胚胎发育受到了抑制。