Identification and verification of quantitative trait loci for eating and cooking quality of rice (Oryza sativa)

This study was conducted to identify new quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that have stable effects for eating and cooking quality (ECQ) of rice. Three recombinant inbred line populations of indica rice were each planted in two years. Three traits for ECQ, amylose content (AC), gel consistency (GC) and alkali spreading value (ASV), were measured for QTL analysis. A total of 13 QTLs were detected, including four for AC, six for ASV and three for GC. Two QTLs, qGC4 in the interval RM16252–RM335 on the short arm of chromosome 4 and qGC6.2 in the Alk region, were validated in a population derived from a residual heterozygote that was homozygous at the major locus Wx. In the absence of segregation at the Wx locus, qGC4 and qGC6.2 had additive effects of 2.46 and 8.18 mm, respectively, offering a potential for improving GC property of rice varieties. Comparison between qGC4 and previous results suggests that qGC4 is likely a new QTL for GC, providing a candidate for gene cloning and functional characterization.     

从楼家桥遗址的硅酸体看新石器时代水稻的系统演化

从20世纪70年代开始，科学工作者对植物硅酸体做了许多研究工作，推动了农业起源研究工作的发展(Pearsall,1978;Collins,1980；藤原，1982；1996)。禾本科植物在其生育过程中，要吸收大量的硅酸，这些吸收的硅酸在植物体的一些特定的细胞，诸如运动细胞、结合组织……     

水稻紫鞘染色体片段代换系Z519的鉴定及PSH1候选基因分析

花青素是广受人们喜爱的植物色素,在食品加工、杂种纯度鉴定中具有重要的作用。本研究鉴定了一个以日本晴为受体、优良紫鞘恢复系R225为供体亲本的紫鞘水稻染色体片段代换系Z519。Z519共含有16个代换片段,分布于除第10染色体外的其他11条染色体,平均长度为6.85 Mb。Z519在芽鞘3 mm时鞘尖呈现紫色,其后在叶鞘、叶缘、茎维管束和柱头等部位出现紫色线条,而日本晴各部位均为绿色。Z519叶鞘中花青素含量极显著高于日本晴,剑叶中没有显著差异。与受体日本晴相比,Z519的株高显著降低,千粒重、主穗总粒数和实粒数显著增加,有效穗数、主穗长和结实率无显著差异。进一步以日本晴与Z519杂交产生的F1和F2群体对紫鞘基因进行了遗传分析和分子定位。该紫鞘表型受显性单基因控制,位于第1染色体In Del标记L03和SSR标记L01之间37.8 kb的区域,被命名为PSH1。对该区间进行候选基因预测和测序,Z519在一个编码质体ATP/ADP转运蛋白的LOC_Os01g45910基因第一外显子的第238~252碱基的GTG重复区又多插入了GTG 3个碱基,导致增加了一个甘氨酸。q RT-PCR结果进一步表明其表达量在Z519中明显降低,初步确定LOC_Os01g45910是PSH1的候选基因。该研究为PSH1调控花青素的分子机制奠定了良好基础。     

Comparison of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Models for Determining Protein and Amylose Contents Between Calibration Samples of Recombinant Inbred Lines and Conventional Varieties of Rice

The near infrared spectra of 178 recombinant inbred lines （RILs） from the cross of Ⅱ-32B/Yuezaoxian 6 （YZX6） and 511 varieties in rice were acquired. A total of 80 RILs and 96 cultivars were selected as modeling samples by comparing the spectra similarity primarily. Three partial least square （PLS） regression models were developed, based on the RILs （RIL-model）, the varieties （Var-model） and their mixture （Mix-model）, for protein content （PC） and amylose content （AC）, respectively. Cross validation and outer prediction showed that the models were largely influenced by the range and distribution of modeling samples. The regression model of PC based on the cultivars and the model of AC based on RILs had higher coefficient of determination （r^2 ≥ 0.9） and lower root mean square error of cross validation （RMSECVs）. The disadvantages of RIL samples for PC model and variety samples for AC model were probably caused by the narrow range of variance. Aberrant predictions were obtained for outer sample with PC or AC outside the range or within the distribution gap of modeling samples. The Mix-models gave more reliable prediction as the distribution of RIL and variety modeling samples were complementary to each other.     

籼稻背景下导入Wx~(in)等位基因改良稻米食味和理化品质

水稻Wx~b等位基因已广泛用于籼稻的品质改良,但携带该等位基因的一些籼稻米饭往往偏软,仍需进一步改良。为明确籼稻背景下导入Wxin等位基因对稻米食味品质和理化品质的效应,分别以携带Wxin的IR64和携带Wx~b的9311为供体,以携带Wxa的籼稻SIR3611 (3611)为受体,基于分子标记辅助选择,通过杂交和连续回交的方式构建了3611背景下携带Wxin和Wx~b的近等基因系。系统比较了不同近等基因系间的农艺性状以及稻米的食味和理化品质。结果表明,近等基因系与受体亲本3611的主要农艺性状基本接近,无显著差异。NIL(Wxin)稻米的表观直链淀粉含量较亲本3611极显著下降而胶稠度极显著增加。NIL(Wx~b)稻米表观直链淀粉含量最低且与之对应的胶稠度最高。近等基因系NIL(Wxin)和NIL(Wx~b)稻米的食味值较亲本极显著提高。NIL(Wx~(in))和NIL(Wx~b)稻米的GBSSI丰度与对应的表观直链淀粉含量具有明显的正相关。稻米粉的黏滞性谱、热糊化特性和晶体结构与直链淀粉含量显著相关性。本研究为在我国籼稻品种品质改良中有效利用Wxin等位基因提供了重要依据。     

Effects of Farm Yard Manure and Lime on Cadmium Uptake by Rice Grown in Two Contaminated Soils of Chittagong

A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of farm yard manure （FYM） and lime （calcium carbonate） on reducing the uptake of Cd by rice in two Cd contaminated soils of Chittagong. The effects of farm yard manure, lime and farm yard manure mixed with lime （FYM ＋ Lime） on rice （Oryza sativa L.） growth, Cd uptake by rice and 0.1 N HC1 extractable Cd in soil were investigated. Results showed that addition of lime and farm yard manure mixed with lime significantly decreased 0.1 N HCl extractable Cd in the city sewage soil. Application of farm yard manure significantly decreased Cd concentration in rice in the city sewage soil. Lime and farm yard manure mixed with lime significantly reduced Cd concentration in rice m both the contaminated soils. Lime was more efficient than farm yard manure in reducing the uptake of Cd by rice.     

寒地水稻种质资源稻瘟病抗性研究

为了筛选出优异的水稻稻瘟病抗性材料,收集并整理我国黑龙江省、吉林省、辽宁省以及日本、韩国共203份水稻种质资源,按照不同的育成时期、来源进行分类,利用2a的抗病鉴定结果进行资源评价。结果表明:旱育稀植时期育成的品种稻瘟病抗性有很大的提高,韩国的水稻资源有更好的稻瘟病抗性。资源的年际间抗性有差异,应对材料进行多年、多点的鉴定。因此,在利用自然条件对育种材料抗稻瘟病筛选后,用接菌的方式对自然感病筛选出的未发病材料进行接菌鉴定能提高抗病鉴定的准确性。     

水稻含eui基因的半矮秆突变体02428ha 株高遗传分析

02428ha系从隐性高秆水稻02428h中发现的半矮秆迟熟突变体。用02428ha分别与隐性高秆材料02428h和半矮秆材料02428杂交,对其F1和F2世代株高进行遗传分析,结果表明,02428ha的株高是由3对基因控制,除eui基因和sd1-基因外,还含有另外1对半矮秆基因,暂命名为sd-h(t)。该文还讨论了02428ha潜在的育种价值。     

水稻NBS-LRR类抗稻瘟病蛋白Pik-h的互作蛋白筛选

【目的】利用酵母双杂交系统,以组成抗稻瘟病基因Pik-h介导的抗病反应途径。【方法】以含抗稻瘟病基因Pik-h的近等基因系IRBL8为材料,取稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthe oryzae)GD0193接种12和24 h后的水稻叶片,等量混合后提取总RNA,按照2个紧密连锁且功能独立的Pikh-1和Pikh-2蛋白为诱饵,在水稻叶片中筛选与之互作的蛋白,以便深入研究抗病基因Pik-h的酵母双杂交试剂盒（Make Your Own “Mate&Plate” Library System）的要求构建水稻叶片靶标cDNA文库。利用快速重组克隆的方法构建pGBKT7-Pikh1和pGBKT7-Pikh2诱饵载体,并分别将它们转化至酵母菌株Y2H Gold,提取细胞总蛋白后利用Western blot检测Pikh1和Pikh2的表达情况,并对这2个诱饵载体自激活和毒性分析后进行酵母双杂交筛选。提取SD/-Ade/-Leu/-Trp/ -His/X-α-Gal筛选平板培养基上呈蓝色的酵母单克隆的质粒,将其分别与对应的诱饵载体共转化酵母菌株Y2H Gold,涂布于筛选平板培养基上进行互作的重复验证,将通过重复验证的质粒测序分析所得的序列比对水稻基因组数据库以确定目的基因,并对这些基因进行gene ontology（GO）注释分析以确定其分子功能、生物过程及细胞组成。【结果】靶标cDNA文库的库容量约为2.2×10⁶,插入片段长度均大于400 bp,表明水稻cDNA文库质量高。诱饵载体pGBKT7-Pikh1和pGBKT7-Pikh2均能在酵母细胞中正确表达出对应的Pikh1及Pikh2蛋白,无自激活活性而且对酵母无毒性作用,符合文库筛选的要求。利用含有诱饵载体的酵母菌株Y2H Gold与靶标文库菌株Y187结合（Mating）的方式筛选,获得13个与Pikh-1相互作用的蛋白、5个与Pikh-2相互作用的蛋白,其中有2个与Pikh-1及Pikh-2同时存在相互作用。这些蛋白包括4个在逆境响应或激素信号转导过程中起到重要作用的（辅）转录因子、3个信号蛋白、4个参与光合作用的叶绿体蛋白、1个含有U-BOX结构域的蛋白及4个未知功能蛋白。【结论】成功构建了适宜于研究抗病基因（R基因）介导反应途径的酵母双杂交cDNA文库,筛选出Pik-h的互作蛋白,为进一步研究Pik-h或其他抗稻瘟病基因介导的抗病机制打下了基础。     

Improvement of Appearance Traits of elite Rice Zhenshan 97B by Molecular Introgression of Targeted about 800 kb Interval from Indica Rice Jiafuzhan Genome

Rice appearance trait is mainly mean grain length (GL), grain width (GW), ratio of length and width (L/W), chalkiness (CH) and transparence (TR). Appearance is the first impression, and rice appearance traits effect significantly the value of commodity. Hybrid rice is relatively low quality, especially on rice appearance quality,which restricts partially its extend and badly export of hybrid seed and rice in China.Shanyou 63, the most famous hybrid rice combination of China, could not be also sustainable application because of its poor qualities. In this studies, We attempt to improve appearance quality of the elite rice maintainer of Zhenshan 97B by using molecular approach of genomic interval targeted introgression. Three F2 populations were constructed to study the classical and molecular genetic of rice appearance traits, at the same time, molecular marker-asisted toimprove the main maintainer line, Zhenshan 97B were performed. There some following results:Three F2 populations were constructed based on crosses of Guangluai 4×Jiafuzhan (GJ popu.), Minghui 86×Jiafuzhan (MJ popu.) and Zhenshan 97B×Jiafuzhan (ZJ popu.). ZJ popu and GJ popu were produced to reconstruct the linkage maps related with rice appearance traits based on BSA, and detect QTL of target traits based on IM.In ZJ popu, 9 QTLs of target traits were detected. The interval, RM169～RM516 on Chromosome 5, was genetic locus of GW, L/W, CH and BW, and the explained variances were 10.9%, 14.9%, 12.0% and 14.2%, respectively.RM214 on chromosome 7, RM339 on chromosome 8 were genetic loci if CH and BW, and the explained variances were 9.4%, 10.0%, 11.0% and 12.1%. besides there is a genetic locus, RM347, of G/W on chromosome 3, and the explained varance was 10.3%. In GJ popu, 5 QTLs of rice appearance traits were detected. The interval, RM169-RM516 on Chromosome 5, were also the genetic loci of GW, CH and BW, and the explained variances were 9.0%, 12.5%, and 13.6%, respectively. RM264～RM80 on chromosome 8 was the genetic loci of GW amd L/W,and the explained variances were 14.7% and 13.4%. The genotypes of all QTLs, except RM214, from Jiafuzhan contributed to improving riee appearance traits.The research was to improve the rice appearance quality of Zhenshan 97B by introgressing QTLs of rice appearance traits from Jiafuzhan, a donor parent, by means of MAS in the process of recurrent backcrossing, 4 SSR markers were used to detect the target genotypes from donor parent, and 70 SSR primers to identify the genetic background of recurrent parent. Consequently, there were 19 target individuals in BC3, in which the mean value of GL, GW, L/W, CH and BW were 6.06±0.04mm, 2.50±0.02mm, 2.43±0.02, 29.5±2.7 and 29.4±2.7%, respectively,and the mean homologous degree (HD) to recurrent parent is up to 98.22%. Compared to Zhenshan 97B, GL, CH and BW decreased 0.17 mm, 34.9% and 34.5% respectively and however L/W increased 0.19. which accounted separately for 25.37%, 54.79%, 54.57% and 10.50% of thedifference of every trait between two parents. It is very luckly to find a individual, 13BC2-3BC3 line, whose GL, GW, G/W, CH and BW were 6.04 mm, 2.43 mm, 2.49,2.5% and 2.5% separately, There is very important signification for it to be used in hybrid rice breeding improving appearance traits. In the research, MAS efficiency of 3 loci (with 4 markers ) was 5.68% and coincident degree was 73.08%.