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11.
In rice, pre‐exposure to sublethal treatment followed by harsh lethal treatment is known to improve tolerance of different abiotic stresses at the vegetative stage within and across generations. Our major aim was to test the phenomenon of thermo‐tolerance at flowering across (trans)‐generations and within generation using rice cultivars contrasting for heat stress tolerance at flowering. To test trans‐generational response, plants were exposed to higher temperature at flowering stage and seeds obtained from previous generations were exposed to heat stress during flowering, which recorded significantly lower fertility when exposed to the same degree of stress in their subsequent generations. A pre‐acclimation to moderately high acclimating temperatures imposed over three different durations during the vegetative and initial reproductive stage showed positive response in the tolerant N22, particularly under severe heat stress (40 °C). This finding indicates the possibility of acquiring ameliorative thermo‐tolerant mechanisms at anthesis, restricted to tolerant genetic backgrounds to combat subsequent harsh conditions within the same generation. However, trans‐generational memory was ineffective in mitigating spikelet sterility losses in both tolerant and susceptible backgrounds. Rice is extremely sensitive to heat stress during flowering; hence, similar exercise across other crops of interest needs to be carried out before generalizing conclusions.  相似文献   
12.
The eating quality of cooked rice is important and determines its market price and consumer acceptance. To comprehensively describe the variation of eating quality in 183 rice germplasm accessions, we evaluated 33 eating-quality traits including amylose and protein contents, pasting properties of rice flour, and texture of cooked rice grains. All eating-quality traits varied widely in the germplasm accessions. Principal-components analysis (PCA) revealed that allelic differences in the Wx gene explained the largest proportion of phenotypic variation of the eating-quality traits. In 146 accessions of non-glutinous temperate japonica rice, PCA revealed that protein content and surface texture of the cooked rice grains significantly explained phenotypic variations of the eating-quality traits. An allelic difference based on simple sequence repeats, which was located near a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on the short arm of chromosome 3, was associated with differences in the eating quality of non-glutinous temperate japonica rice. These results suggest that eating quality is controlled by genetic factors, including the Wx gene and the QTL on chromosome 3, in Japanese rice accessions. These genetic factors have been consciously selected for eating quality during rice breeding programs in Japan.  相似文献   
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14.
叶片是植物光合作用的主要场所,优良的叶片形态有利于塑造理想的株型,提高光合效率。为了研究叶片形态建成的分子机制,自水稻T-DNA插入突变体库中筛选获得1个叶片半卷曲的卷叶突变体(roll leaf mutant,命名为rlm1),突变体rlm1主要特征为成熟叶片沿中脉向内卷,叶片最终卷成直立半圆筒状,叶片卷曲度达0.64,叶片直立参数达95,且光合效率显著优于野生型。通过图位克隆技术,确定突变体rlm1突变位点位于LOC_Os03g06654基因的第1个内含子,LOC_Os03g06654基因编码黄素单氧化酶(flavin-containing monooxygenase),RT-PCR表达分析表明LOC_Os03g06654基因因T-DNA插入而导致完全失活。该基因与已报道的水稻卷叶基因Os COW1(Constitutively Wilted 1)为等位基因,而且突变体rlm1所表现的农艺性状均佳,可期待利用该突变体进行高光合的育种实践。  相似文献   
15.
Surveys were conducted in the five southern rice-producing states of Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri and Texas in the United States during the 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons to determine the distribution and pathogenicity of fungal pathogens associated with seedling blight in rice. A total of 349 pathogenic fungal isolates were collected and identified as belonging to four genera: Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium spp., Sclerotium rolfsii and Marasmius graminum based on morphological characteristics, molecular analysis and Koch's postulates. R. solani (252 out of 349 pathogenic isolates) was the most prevalent fungus isolated from diseased samples. Of the 252 pathogenic R. solani isolates, 245 were further classified as anastomosis group 11 (AG-11) and 7 as AG-4. Isolates of R. solani AG-4 and M. graminum were the most aggressive, with the highest stand loss (63% to 100%) and median disease rating (DR; 5.0), followed by isolates of R. solani AG-11 (stand loss = 4% to 100% and DR = 0.6 to 5.0), Fusarium spp. (stand loss = 26% to 48% and DR = 2.0 to 5.0) and S. rolfsii (stand loss = 33% to 48% and DR = 2.0 to 3.0) in causing seedling blight in rice. R. solani (62% to 83% of total pathogenic isolates) and Fusarium spp. (10% to 24% of total pathogenic isolates) were predominant in all the five states surveyed. S. rolfsii and M. graminum were present only in Louisiana and Texas. The results of this first systematic survey of rice seedling diseases in the southern United States will help develop effective fungicide seed treatment strategies for control of stand loss caused by seedling blight, one of the major factors limiting rice production.  相似文献   
16.
稻米营养品质的研究现状及分子改良途径   总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18  
本文综述了稻米营养品质(蛋白质、赖氨酸和微量营养素)的经典遗传学和分子遗传学、分子育种的研究现状,并对利用分子标记辅助育种方法提高稻米营养品质作了展望。  相似文献   
17.
籼稻体细胞胚胎发生特异性蛋白质研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
方继朝  薛庆中 《作物学报》1994,20(4):395-400
以籼稻Oryza sativa L.subsp. indica品种“广陆矮4号”幼穗和种子为外植体,在含有2,4-D2.0mg/L的MS培养基上,分别形成胚性和非胚性愈伤组织,建立体细胞胚胎发生实验系统。应用Native/SDS双向凝胶电泳分析,结果表明,非胚性愈伤组织分化培养前后均存在一种分子量为45kD的非胚性蛋白质N1,另一种非胚性蛋白质N2(54kD)仅  相似文献   
18.
水稻与高梁属间远缘杂交花粉管行为观察   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
水稻和高粱是禾本科的两个异属作物,因其遗传距离较远,杂交表现不亲和,结实率极低,难以获得种子.为初步了解水稻与高粱属间远缘杂交花粉管行为,探索该远缘杂交的发生过程,本实验以籼稻珍汕97A×珍汕97B和Ⅱ-32A×Ⅱ-32B两个组合为对照,对珍汕97A×晋江多枝高粱和Ⅱ-32A×晋江多枝高粱两个属间远缘杂交组合的花粉管行为作初步的观察与研究,结果表明晋江多枝高粱花粉粒能象水稻花粉粒一样在水稻柱头上正常萌发,花粉管在花柱及子房中生长与伸长,有些能最终到达子房的基部;同时高梁花粉管生长也出现诸如不能进入花柱、胼胝质不规则堆积、花粉管末端钝化等一系列的异常表现,致使不少花粉管停滞生长.  相似文献   
19.
水稻不育系培矮64S的空间诱变效应及后代的SSR分析   总被引:19,自引:8,他引:11  
对经过卫星搭载的培矮64S种子及后代进行了有关性状研究和SSR标记分析,结果表明:培矮64S空间诱变后代SP1代发芽率、存苗率、株高、抽穗期、株叶型的性状与对照相比没有明显变化;但SP2代在株高、粒型和育性等性状上发生了变异;从SP3代中获得柱头比培矮64S明显增大的变异株系,这对于改良培矮64S的异交结实率和提高制种产量具有重要意义。此外,对10个SP3变异株进行SSR分析结果表明,扩增片段数目变化约占55.21%,扩增片段分子量变化约占44.79%,空间诱变引起的变异可能是以DNA缺失-重复为主。SSR座位的变异频率平均为23.33%,变异座位在水稻基因组中是随机分布的。  相似文献   
20.
云南是我国典型的重金属元素地球化学高背景区,超积累植物能否有效修复镉(Cd)地质高背景土壤,从而实现农产品安全生产,尚鲜见报道。以云南石林、富源和罗平等三地的典型Cd地质高背景农田土壤为对象,开展温室盆栽试验,探究Cd、锌(Zn)超积累植物伴矿景天对土壤Cd的吸取修复效果,及对后茬水稻生长和Cd吸收的作用。结果表明,种植三季伴矿景天使三地土壤全量Cd分别下降24.8%、30.9%和58.8%;伴矿景天在富源玄武岩风化物母质发育的土壤上长势最好,与富源土壤肥力相对最高有关;伴矿景天在罗平石灰岩风化物发育的土壤上重金属吸取修复效果最佳,与罗平土壤呈中性、酸化作用更为明显有关,这些差异由土壤母质、养分与重金属有效性等综合影响所致。经伴矿景天吸取修复三季后,全生育期淹水种稻,其糙米和秸秆Cd浓度均大幅降低,可实现糙米Cd安全生产。未经植物吸取修复,旱作处理下水稻糙米Cd存在超标风险。植物吸取修复后种植水稻,再结合水分管理措施,可进一步降低稻米中Cd浓度,实现稻米安全生产,为Cd地质高背景区土壤的农作物安全生产提供理论依据和技术支撑。  相似文献   
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