基于PI模型的阿拉善绿洲节水型种植结构优化

针对阿拉善沙漠绿洲区干旱缺水、农业种植结构单一和土壤质地复杂多变问题,于2013年和2014年进行了滴灌条件下不同灌溉定额和土壤质地的玉米、谷子和油葵种植试验,并依据土壤生产力指数PI对种植结构进行了优化。研究结果表明:均质沙壤土区玉米、谷子和油葵的生产力指数依次为为0.833、0.828 1、0.825 1,非均质土区玉米、谷子、油葵的生产力指数依次为0.729 3、0.767 9、0.809 1;种植结构优化后低灌溉定额水平条件下粮食总产量提高2.8%,总净效益提高7.7元/hm2,高灌溉定额水平条件下粮食总产量可提高0.93%,总净效益提高249.84元/hm2。可见由于土壤质地的差异导致土壤理化性质和水力特性不同,进而影响作物的产量,通过优化种植结构,可以明显提高粮食总产量和总净效益。     

盆栽观赏甘薯品种资源的筛选与应用

通过对1087份国家甘薯品种资源的调查、鉴定与评价,筛选出盆栽观赏甘薯品种资源10份,其中包括观叶甘薯品种资源4份,观花甘薯品种资源3份,观赏药用甘薯品种资源1份,观赏菜用甘薯品种资源2份。发掘了甘薯品种资源的观赏价值,创新了甘薯品种资源的利用途径,为农民增收提供了一个新的经济增长点,也丰富了中国甘薯育种的优、异、稀、特等资源材料。     

山东省主要野生观赏草资源及其评价

观赏草作为一类新型景观植物,在城市绿地建设和生态景观建设中有很大的应用价值,目前尚未引起足够的重视,相应的研究也较少。笔者就观赏草的概念、应用价值、应用前景等方面进行了简要介绍,并根据多年调查对山东地区主要野生观赏草的种类、景观特点、分布进行了初步描述。调查表明,狼尾草等13种野生观赏草在山东地区极具发展潜力,并分别加以详细介绍。     

论述抗列当向日葵品种的选育技术要点

向日葵列当属于根部全寄生杂草,从寄生主体获得营养物质进行生存,吸收向日葵影响后回导致向日葵出现减产、死亡等现象,现代科学技术不断发展,本文便从抗向日葵列当的向日葵品种出发,对选育技术进行全面的分析。     

Effects of dietary fibre level and body weight of pigs on nutrient digestibility and available energy in high‐fibre diet based on wheat bran or sunflower meal

The objectives of this study were (a) to investigate the effect of body weight (BW) on available energy in fibre‐rich diets containing two NDF levels; and (b) to evaluate the effect of fibre type and NDF level on AA digestibility. In Exp. 1, barrows (24 at 33.4 ± 1.1 kg; 24 at 86.8 ± 3.3 kg) were randomly allotted to 4 diets containing a high protein basal (HPB), a low protein basal (LPB), 70% HPB + 30% wheat bran (WB) (HPB‐WB) and 70% LPB + 30% sunflower meal (SFM) (LPB‐SFM). In Exp. 2, barrows (24 at 33.5 ± 1.8 kg; 24 at 87.0 ± 3.8 kg) were randomly allotted to 4 diets containing no SFM with 12% NDF (SFM0LF), no SFM with 16% NDF (SFM0HF), 24% SFM with 12% NDF (SFM24LF) and 24% SFM with 16% NDF (SFM24HF). In Exp. 3, twelve barrows (35.5 ± 3.4 kg) fitted with T‐cannulas were allotted to two 6 × 4 Youden square design with 6 diets (4 same diets as in Exp. 2 and 2 nitrogen‐free diets). The concentration of DE, ME and ATTD of GE, CP, NDF and ADF in diets was greater (p < .01) when fed to 90 kg pigs compared with 30 kg pigs. The ME in ingredients was not affected by BW. The ATTD of NDF was negatively correlated with the CF (r = ?.98; p < .01), ADF (r = ?.99; p < .01) and ADL content (r = ?.96; p < .01). The ME of diets was negatively correlated with the ATTD of CF (r = ?.98; p < .01). The addition of SFM increased the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of Met (p < .05). In conclusion, diets rich in fibre had different nutritional values at different pig weight stages. The AA digestibility depends mainly on chemical composition of diets.     

Induction of different chitinase andΒ-1,3-glucanase isoenzymes in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seedlings in response to infection byPlasmopara halstedii

Chitinase and-1,3-glucanase activities were assayed in roots, hypocotyls and cotyledons of downy mildewsusceptible and -resistant sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivars. While the highest-1,3-glucanase activity was in roots, that of chitinase activity was in hypocotyls. Inoculation of both sunflower cultivars withPlasmopara halstedii resulted in a marked increase of chitinase and-1,3-glucanase activities. The increase was observed earlier in incompatible than in compatible reactions. Both enzymes occurred in root tissue as a complex mixture of isoenzymes. At least three different peaks with chitinase activity and three with glucanase activity could be resolved by gel filtration chromatography on Sephacryl S-100 and chromatofocusing on PBE 94 (pH 7-4). Following ammonium sulfate precipitation and ion-exchange on CM- and DEAE-Trisacryl, three glucanase and chitinase fractions, referred to as basic, neutral and acidic, were separated on the basis of their Chromatographic behaviour. A different pattern of distribution of chitinase and-1,3-glucanase fractions was observed between inoculated and non-inoculated plants in both resistant (cv. RS-105) and susceptible (cv. Peredovik) cultivars. In healthy plants-1,3-glucanase was mainly found in the basic (cv. Peredovik) and neutral (cv. RS-105) fractions, whereas chitinase was in the basic fraction for both cultivars. The neutral and acidic fractions of chitinases were induced in the compatible and incompatible reactions. Inoculation of the plants induced the neutral-1,3-glucanase fraction in resistant and susceptible cultivars and the acidic only in the susceptible one. Induction of the basic fraction of both activities was not observed in any case.     

观赏果树在城市园林中的应用

综述了城市绿化对生态环境改善、居民生活环境质量提高的重要性和观赏果树在城市绿化、美化中的应用.     

石蒜属植物的研究进展

石蒜属植物为东亚特有属,是一类兼具药用价值与观赏价值的经济植物.对石蒜属植物的生物学特性和研究现状,包括栽培技术、种球繁育、染色体核型及开发利用等方面进行了概括,并对石蒜属植物的未来研究方向进行了展望,为石蒜属植物的进一步研究奠定了基础.     

Reducing fiber content of sunflower oil meal through treatment of enzymes produced from Arachnoitus sp.

A multi‐enzyme mixture containing cellulases and hemicellulase activity, produced from Arachniotus sp., a white rot fungus, were applied on sunflower oil meal (SFOM) to degrade its fiber content. SFOM was treated with different concentrations of enzyme solution at variable pH, and incubated at temperatures ranging from 25 to 60°C, for different time periods ranging from 3 to 48 h to determine the maximum increase in metabolizable energy content by saccharification of fiber into sugars through enzymatic degradation. Maximum saccharification of SFOM fiber was obtained at a 1:1 enzyme substrate ratio, pH 4.0 and incubation for 36 h at 40°C. A reduction of 47.27% in crude fiber contents of sunflower oil meal was observed after enzyme treatment at optimized conditions. Enzyme treatment resulted in reduction of 41.53 and 31.87% in acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber contents, respectively. An increase of 28.09% in nitrogen free extract contents of SFOM was found after enzyme treatment. True metabolizable energy contents of SFOM, after enzyme treatment, were increased from 1898.4 to 2314.9 kCal/kg.     

竹醋液对几种观赏植物生长的影响

 不同浓度竹醋液对几种观赏植物生长影响的试验结果表明，在植物生长期以10 μL/cm³ 的 200～250倍竹醋液直接施人土中，可显著提高盆栽观赏植物的生长势及叶绿素含量，证明竹醋液在一定浓度范围内对植物有促进生长、延缓衰老的作用；同时，在50～500倍竹醋液浓度范围内，不同植物表现出不同的反应。