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81.
Navneet Gill David A Higgs Brent J Skura Mahmoud Rowshandeli Bakhshish S Dosanjh Jason Mann & Ann L. Gannam 《Aquaculture Research》2006,37(13):1348-1359
This study determined the digestibility of protein in partially dehulled sunflower meal (SFM) and then, as the main goal, the nutritive value of high‐temperature extruded (≤149°C) partially dehulled SFM (SFMEX) for post‐smolt Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in sea water. The digestibility study was conducted using the settling column approach (‘Guelph system’) for faeces collection as described by Hajen, Higgs, Beames and Dosanjh. In the nutritive value study, triplicate groups of 50 salmon (mean weight ~116 g) in 4000‐L outdoor fibreglass tanks supplied with 25–40 L min?1, filtered, oxygenated (dissolved oxygen, 7.0–8.5 mg L?1), 11–12°C sea water (salinity, 29–31 g L?1), were fed twice daily to satiation one of five steam‐pelleted dry diets that contained 422 g of digestible protein (DP) kg?1 and ~16.4 MJ of digestible energy (DE) kg?1 on a dry weight basis for 84 days. Low‐temperature‐dried anchovy meal (LT‐AM) comprised 68.2% of the basal diet protein whereas in four test diets, SFMEX progressively replaced up to 33.0% of the DP provided by LT‐AM in the basal diet (SFMEX≤271 g kg?1 of dry matter). Sunflower meal had 87.9% DP. Diet treatment did not significantly affect specific growth rate (1.39–1.45% day?1), feed efficiency (1.19–1.26), percentage of dietary protein retained (45.8–47.5), gross energy utilization (46.5–49.4%), per cent survival (96.0–99.3) or terminal whole body and muscle proximate compositions. We conclude that SFMEX can comprise ≥271 g kg?1 of the dry diet or ≥22.7% of the digestible dietary protein of post‐smolt Atlantic salmon in seawater without any adverse effects on their performance. 相似文献
82.
本文通过对向日葵小菌核病(Sderotinia.minorJagger)的防治措施研究,明确了早期拔除病株,收获时及时清理病残秸杆,3年以上轮作,迟播种期到6月1日左右,采用50%速克灵可湿性粉剂3750~7500ml/hm ̄2,50%强力杀菌剂水剂3750~7500ml/hm ̄2,具有较好的防治效果。 相似文献
83.
Little information exists concerning how crops will respond to the predicted increased night temperatures. The objective of this work was to determine if respiration and growth of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], a C, plant, and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), a C3 plant, are affected when the night temperature is increased by 5°C compared to the long-term (19 year) average night temperature in June in Kansas. Sorghum and sunflower were grown in two walk-in growth chambers with either the ambient night temperature (21C) or a high night temperature (26C). Day temperature was the same for all plants (27C). Both sunflower and sorghum had higher respiration rates under the elevated night temperature than under the ambient temperature. The average respiration rate of sunflower grown under elevated night temperature increased by 19% (0.89 vs. 0.75 μmol m?2 s?1) and that of sorghum by 44 % (0.52 vs. 0.36μmol m?2s?1). After 74 days, sunflower plants grown under the ambient night temperature were 30.2 cm taller than sunflower plants grown under the elevated night temperature; sorghum plants under the ambient temperature were 24.8 cm taller. Sunflower plants grown under the elevated night temperature formed flowers one week earlier than those grown under the ambient temperature. Sorghum formed no flowers by 74 days. Results suggest that, if climate change does increase night temperature, respiration will be increased more in C4, than C3 plants. 相似文献
84.
85.
CAS‐12 is a sunflower mutant with increased levels of palmitic (C16: 0 = 30%) and oleic (C18: 1 = 55%) acids in its seed oil, hence it has a reduced linoleic acid content (C18: 2 < 5%). This study was conducted to determine the inheritance of high C16: 0 content and its relationship with high C18: 1 content in CAS‐12. Reciprocal crosses involving CAS‐12, CAS‐5 (high C16: 0 content), HAOL‐9 (high C18: 1 content) and HA‐89 (standard fatty acid profile) were made. The F1, F2 and BC1F1 generations were obtained. The genetic control of the high C16: 0 trait in CAS‐12 was partially recessive and gametophytic. In all cases, this character segregated in the ratio 19: 38: 7 (low: intermediate: high C16: 0 content) in the F2 generation. These results, together with the lack of segregation for C16: 0 content in crosses between CAS‐12 and CAS‐5, indicated that the genetic control of the high C16: 0 trait in CAS‐12 was similar to that in CAS‐5 in being controlled by partially recessive alleles (p1, p2, and p3) at three loci. Crosses between HA‐89 and CAS‐12, and HAOL‐9 and CAS‐5 (segregating for C16: 0 and C18: 1) demonstrated that the high C16: 0 and the high C18: 1 traits were independently inherited. However, C18: 1 segregation in these crosses exhibited reversal of dominance. Apparently, the low C18: 1 parental lines carried modifier genes causing the deviation. 相似文献
86.
Accumulation of soluble phenolic compounds in sunflower capitula correlates with resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Disease symptoms and total soluble phenolics content have been analysed in four sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)lines with different resistance levels(from highly susceptible to resistant) to head rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary. At the beginning of the flowering stage, capitula were inoculated by spraying with a water suspension of
ascospores, and disease symptoms were evaluated from day 6 to day14 after inoculation. The most susceptible genotypes showed
all their ovaries to be necrosed and abundant lesions in corollas, bracts and receptacle. In the resistant line, the ovary
and corolla were only partially necrosed with no symptoms in the bracts or the receptacle. Total soluble phenolics were extracted
and quantified from different parts of the capitulum in both inoculated and non-inoculated plants. The amount of phenolic
compounds depended on the sunflower line, the time after inoculation, and the tissue. Higher constitutive and induced phenolic
content as well as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity were present in the most resistant line, these differences correlated
with the absence/presence of disease symptoms.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
87.
88.
Three diploid perennial sunflower species are useful for variety improvement: Helianthus mollis, because of sessile leaves, H. salicifolius, because of a high oil concentration, and H. maximiliani, a potential source of resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The crossability of these species to cultivated sunflower was examined.Hybrids were obtained from eight combinations, with 3–15 F1 plants per combination. The F1's exhibited the dominant phenotype of the wild species. Pollen viability varied between 32.1 and 69.9%. Meiosis was irregular in the F1 hybrids. At diakinesis, bivalents (62.7–97.9% of meiocytes), univalents (0–31.23%), and multivalents (3.84–7.68%) were detected. At anaphase I, chromosome bridges were detected in 6.77 to 11.44% of meiocytes. Fast chromosomes in metaphase I, and lagging chromosomes in anaphase I and telophase II were evidenced in a high percentage of meiocytes. 相似文献
89.
Construction and characterization of a BAC library for sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library was constructed using the sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) restorer line RHA325, which carries the restorer gene Rf1 and the Pl2-gene conferring resistance to downy mildew. High molecular weight DNA was prepared from nuclei using leaf material from two-week old seedlings. The library was constructed using the HindIII site of pBeloBAC11. The current BAC library comprises 104,736 clones. The insert size of the clones varied between 20 and 270 kb, with an average insert size of 60 kb. The whole 1.9× sunflower BAC library was spotted in duplicate on four high-density filters, each carrying 55,296 clones. The content of organellar DNA, which was estimated by colony hybridisation against the mitochondrial probe coxI and the chloroplast probe rbcL, proved to be less than 0.03 and 0.1%, respectively. BAC pools, allowing PCR-based screening, were made and used to identify positive BAC clones for the markers OP-K13_454, closely linked to the restorer gene Rf1. The PCR-based screening was verified by the results obtained for this marker by colony hybridisation. 相似文献
90.
A new sunflower mutant, CAS-12, was obtained, which has both high palmitic (≈30%) and high oleic acid contents, and also a
substantial amount of palmitoleic acid (≈7%). The mutant was selected after X-ray irradiation of dry seeds of the inbred line
BSD-2-423, which had normal palmitic (≈3%) and high oleic (≈88%) acid levels. The increase of palmitic and palmitoleic acids
occurred at the expense of the oleic acid content, which decreased to around 55% in respect to the original line. Linoleic
acid content is always under 5%. Palmitic and palmitoleic acid levels were similar to those of the high palmitic mutant CAS-5
obtained in a previous programme from a low oleic line isogenic to BSD-2-423 using a similar mutagenic treatment. In that
previous programme we also selected three high stearic acid mutants using chemical mutagenic treatment on the same sunflower
line (RDF-1-532). We attempted to obtain mutants in other lines but were unsuccessful. The isolation of similar mutants in
isogenic parental lines illustrates the importance of the genetic background in the development of specific mutants with an
altered seed oil fatty acid composition. The oil of this mutant will increase the range of potential uses of sunflower oil.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献