Intraspecific Relationship of Plasmopara halstedii Isolates Differing in Pathogenicity and Geographic Origin Based on ITS Sequence Data

Sequence parts of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA were analysed to screen for the intraspecific variability of a non-coding genomic region in 15 Plasmopara halstedii populations of different pathotype and geographic origin. Samples revealed uniformity in a ca. 790 Bp fragment comprising of the ITS-1, 5.8S and front parts of the ITS-2. In contrast, clear differences were found in a ca. 810 Bp fragment of the ITS-2 thus allowing differentiation between populations of pathotype 100, 310 and 330 and a group of populations representing pathotypes 700, 701, 703, 710 and 730. Samples of pathotypes 700 to730 originated from Slovakia, France, and Germany, but were uniform in both ITS sequence parts, thus indicating very recent origin of these highly aggressive physiological races. The potential use of ITS sequences for pathotype differentiation and phylogenetic studies in P. halstedii is discussed.     

17份食用向日葵杂交种苗期抗旱性综合评价

以17份食葵杂交种为试材,采用1/2 Hoagland营养液水培的方式,以PEG-6000模拟干旱,分析苗期根系形态和生物量对干旱胁迫的响应,并对食葵杂交种的抗旱能力进行综合评价.结果表明:苗期食葵根系形态指标受干旱影响程度要高于生物量,根系形态各指标受干旱影响程度顺序为:根体积>根平均直径>根尖数>总根长>根表面积,...     

观赏竹开发与应用研究进展

为了合理开发利用、丰富园林绿化景观,提升中华竹文化品位,根据多年来对观赏竹栽培利用的实践经验,分析了观赏竹种开发现状与发展前景,对我国的观赏竹种资源、园林美学特征、观赏竹在园林中的配植方式和造景效果进行了概述,并对观赏竹在福建省等地的广泛应用实例进行了分析。     

水氮耦合对滴灌复播油葵生长及产量的影响

为了解水氮耦合对新疆北部石河子地区滴灌复播油葵生长和产量的影响,以大田试验为基础,结合室内试验,以当地油葵主栽早熟品种"新葵杂五号"为供试材料,在滴灌条件下进行水氮两因素三水平完全处理小区试验。结果表明:在灌水3 000 m3·hm~(~(-2))、纯施氮232 kg·hm~(~(-2))水氮组合下,滴灌复播油葵的叶面积最大,株高在营养生长阶段最高,盘径、茎粗及干物质量均最大;结实率水平、单盘粒重、千粒重和产量均最高,分别为96.97%、112.96g、73.89 g和3 597 kg·hm~(~(-2))。以滴灌复播油葵产量为追求目标,综合考虑水氮耦合对其生长的影响,试验所在地区复播油葵建议的适宜灌溉定额及氮肥追施量分别为3 000 m3·hm~(~(-2))、232 kg·hm~(~(-2))。     

基于表型多样性构建向日葵核心种质

为鉴定评价我国向日葵（Helianthus annuus L.）种质资源在南方地区的表现,筛选构建向日葵核心种质,以422份向日葵种质为材料,在进行2年鉴定观察的基础上,采用描述性统计、相关性分析、主成分分析等方法对11个表型农艺性状进行分析评价。结果表明,原始群体的这些农艺性状具有较大的变异幅度,其变异系数（CV）为3.60%~83.32%,平均变异系数为20.93%,其中分枝株率（0%~62.5%）、单株粒重（9.70~232.35 g）、百粒重（4.60~14.92 g）、叶片数（14.40~48.38个）和株高（103.75~260.00 cm）变异幅度较大;性状间表现出显著的相关性,主成分分析表明,影响性状的4个主要成分解释了总方差的71.72%。采用QGAstation 2.0软件构建了72组核心种质候选群体,并根据均值差异百分数（MD）、方差差异百分率（VD）,极差符合率（CR）和变异系数百分率（VR）,获得组获得1组包含84份材料的最佳核心种质群体。聚类分析将84份核心资源分为5大类,与原群体相比,所选核心种质均值无显著差异,方差显著提高,能最大限度代表原始油葵种质资源保存和利用。     

FlorTree: A unifying modelling framework for estimating the species-specific pollution removal by individual trees and shrubs

Atmospheric pollution is a threatening problem around the world, with tropospheric ozone (O₃), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and particulate matter (PM₁₀) among the most harmful pollutants for citizens’ health. Nature-based solutions such as urban trees can cut down air concentrations of these pollutants thanks to stomatal uptake and dry deposition on their canopies and, in addition, uptake carbon dioxide (CO₂) and store carbon in their tissues. Unfortunately, some species emit biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (bVOCs) that are O₃-precursors leading to air quality deterioration. As a proper selection of species is essential for urban greening, we developed an innovative single-tree model (FlorTree) to estimate the maximum flux of air pollutants. FlorTree considered species-specific parameters, such as tree morphology (height and crown leaf area), leaf/shoot structure, leaf habit (deciduous/evergreen) and eco-physiological responses to environmental factors, for 221 urban tree and shrub species. We applied the FlorTree model to examine i) which are the best species for air pollution removal in the case study of Florence (Italy) and ii) whether the species-specific removal performance is affected by different climate and air pollution conditions in other cities, namely Bucharest (Romania) and Tokyo (Japan). Results suggested that 24 tall trees (mainly broadleaves belonging to Tilia, Acer and Fraxinus genus) may be recommended for Florence due to their large crowns at maturity (50 years old), relatively high stomatal conductance and no bVOCs release. These general characteristics, however, were affected by climatic and pollutant conditions, suggesting that FlorTree must be applied to the local conditions. Therefore, our results demonstrated that FlorTree can be applied in any city for maximizing the air quality improvement by urban trees.     

不同银杏观赏品种叶片解剖特征比较

首次利用来自6个国家的21个观赏品种,对其叶片解剖特性进行了系统研究。结果表明,气孔主要分布在下表皮。根据对21个观赏品种的气孔指标的测定,利用其遗传距离进行聚类分析,可以分为四类;上、下表皮的角质层厚度并不随叶片厚度呈现有规律的变化;叶柄横切面均2枚维管束,叶柄角质层厚度随横切面长的变化而变化的程度明显。     

山东省紫薇品种观赏价值的灰色评价

采用灰色关联度法分析评价了山东省已知紫薇品种的观赏价值。结果表明,洒金品种群和红薇品种群的品种灰关联度较大,观赏价值较高的品种有幻粉流云、芙蓉面、二八年华等,而矮生直枝粉、小花粉、红霞灰关联度最低。从灰色关联度分析结果看,花序和花径大、花色亮丽的品种观赏价值较高。     

新葵杂7号施肥试验

为了良种良法配套,2009年在新疆农业科学院安宁渠进行了新葵杂7号施肥试验。结果表明:种肥以三料磷肥、磷酸二铵等氮、磷化肥为主,苗期、蕾期以尿素、磷酸二铵等氮素化肥为好,其籽实产量、产油量最高。施用氮、磷化肥能显著提高油葵单位面积籽实和油脂产量;在氮、磷配合施肥中相对增施磷肥油葵籽实增产显著,同时籽实皮壳率也相应提高,要取得高产、高油的目的一定要注意氮、磷的配合比例。     

基于正交试验的向日葵种子蛋白双向电泳技术的研究

用正交设计法研究了上样量、一向聚焦时间、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶浓度对向日葵种子差异蛋白的影响.结果表明:上样量和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶浓度是影响向日葵种子差异蛋白的主要因素;上样量为3.5 mg,凝胶浓度为12.5％,一向等电聚焦时间为5h,使用pH值为3～10的18 cm IPG胶条,用考马斯亮蓝法染色是向日葵种子差异蛋白进行双向电泳的较适宜体系,可分离到116个差异蛋白点.