红叶甜菜-花生和油葵-花生轮作修复土壤Cd的能力

利用生物量高的经济作物进行轮作,可在加快修复土壤Cd污染进程的同时获得一定的经济效益。本研究在长沙市望城区群力村Cd轻度污染的土壤进行冬季种植红叶甜菜、夏季复种植花生和春末种植油葵、夏季复种植花生的轮作模式试验,探究重金属修复潜力。结果表明：花生、油葵、红叶甜菜各部位Cd富集系数除花生果实外均大于1,对Cd均有较强的富集能力。油葵-花生、红叶甜菜-花生轮作模式种植一季可提取土壤Cd总量分别为40.80 g·hm^-2和53.34 g·hm^-2。红叶甜菜-花生轮作将土壤Cd含量由0.316 mg·kg^-1降至0.286 mg·kg^-1,油葵-花生轮作一季将土壤Cd含量由0.316 mg·kg^-1降至0.283 mg·kg^-1。研究表明,红叶甜菜-花生、油葵-花生轮作模式均对土壤重金属Cd有较好的修复潜力。     

向日葵[Helianthus annuus(L.)]白花粉突变体遗传研究初报

向日葵[IIelianlhus anuus (L.)]是我国的重要经济作物。其花粉通常呈深浅程度不同的黄颜色。据我们掌握和查新资料,目前世界上尚未见有关白花粉方面的报道。1989年7月下旬至8月上旬,我们在吉林农业大学向日葵育种试验田的恢复系C8711群体中,先后发现4株白花粉突变体。暂分别定名为C8711—1、C8711—2、C8711—3和C8711—4。在进行人工套袋之前,此4株突变体已经在一定程度上发生了开放授粉,其中C8711—4开放授粉程度较轻。成熟时单独收获这4株突变体的种子,以进行有关遗传学研究,本文拟对白花粉突变的遗传学机理进行初步的探讨。     

不同厚度秸秆隔层对河套灌区盐碱土壤温度、水分和食葵产量的影响

[目的]研究不同厚度秸秆隔层对盐碱地食葵农田土壤温度、水分动态变化及产量的影响,为河套灌区筛选适宜盐碱地食葵生长的合理厚度秸秆隔层措施提供依据.[方法]2015—2017年在内蒙古河套地区典型盐碱农田设置了4个不同厚度的秸秆隔层,分别为CK(无秸秆隔层)、S3(厚度3 cm秸秆隔层)、S5(厚度5 cm秸秆隔层)和S7...     

观赏番茄观赏茄子双向嫁接研究

利用观赏茄子的一个分枝作砧木,观赏番茄作接穗;观赏番茄的一个侧枝作砧木,观赏茄子作接穗进行观赏番茄观赏茄子双向嫁接研究。试验结果表明,观赏番茄作接穗时嫁接成活率明显高于观赏茄子作接穗时的嫁接成活率,能否嫁接成活与嫁接时的砧木、接穗的茎粗有一定的关系,本试验中观赏番茄、观赏茄子茎粗在0.5 cm时嫁接成活率最高。     

河套地区春小麦向日葵复种对土壤盐分及农田生产力的影响

为降低河套灌区土壤盐分,充分利用光热资源,提高土地生产力,在坝楞村试验站以春小麦、玉米和向日葵单作为对照,春小麦收获后及时移栽向日葵,监测并分析春小麦-向日葵复种对耕层土壤盐分、作物产量、产值和固化热能等的影响。结果表明,春小麦-向日葵复种耕层土壤盐分较春小麦、玉米和向日葵单作分别降低了32.52%,16.70%和24.92%;等价籽粒产量分别提高了107.25%,23.20%和17.28%;籽粒固化热能分别提高了105.35%,6.06%和18.31%;总等价产量分别提高了126.01%,3.86%和3.21%。春小麦-向日葵复种的等价秸秆产量较春小麦单作提高了252.19%,较玉米单作降低35.94%,较向日葵单作降低30.01%,秸秆固化热能较春小麦单作提高了91.84%,较玉米单作降低了10.05%,较向日葵单作提高了4.08%;总固化热能较春小麦单作提高了98.40%,较玉米单作降低了5.82%,较向日葵单作提高了7.83%。复种移栽的向日葵经济系数显著高于单作的向日葵。春小麦-向日葵复种的总产值较春小麦、玉米和向日葵单作分别提高了143.35%,102.33%和3.19%,总净产值较春小麦单作提高了176.15%,较玉米单作提高了116.55%,较向日葵单作降低了13.26%。春小麦-向日葵复种的总净产值虽然低于向日葵单作,但可降低土壤盐分,故春小麦-向日葵复种在河套灌区有一定的发展前景。     

食用向日葵产量与主要性状相关及通径分析

研究了食用向日葵杂交种的12个性状与产量的相关关系,并进行了通径分析。结果表明:各性状与产量的相关系数大小依次为,单盘粒重株高茎粗单盘结实数百粒重单盘总粒数结实率籽仁率叶数粒宽盘径粒长。产量与盘径呈不显著正相关,与粒宽和粒长呈不显著负相关,与另9个性状呈极显著正相关。株高、百粒重、单盘粒重和单盘结实数对产量的直接作用效应较高。     

脱硫渣施用量对盐碱地油葵根际微生物区系的影响

分析盐碱地油葵在不同脱硫渣处理下其根际与非根际细菌、真菌、放线菌以及氨化细菌、好气性纤维素分解菌、固氮菌、硝化细菌生理类群的区系动态变化,研究盐碱地油葵对不同脱硫渣处理的响应规律。结果表明,随着脱硫渣施用量的增加,土壤中细菌和放线菌及4类生理细菌类群的数量均呈现出先上升后下降的趋势,其中脱硫渣为1.5 t/hm2时,每克干土中细菌数量为1.81×106个,放线菌的数量为3.62×105个,氨化细菌为9.37×105个,好气性纤维素分解菌为95.01×104个,固氮菌为15.71×103个。真菌呈现出先快速下降后缓慢上升的趋势;适宜的脱硫渣施用量有利于油葵根际细菌、放线菌及4类细菌生理类群数量的提高,过高则微生物数量下降;施用脱硫渣前后,各微生物类群都表现出明显的根际效应。     

Guidance of groups of guppies (Poecilia reticulata) to allow sorting by computer vision

Prior to marketing, ornamental tropical fish are currently sorted, graded and counted manually; a process that is labor intensive, stressful to fish and inaccurate. Manipulation of fish movements at our will is a key element in the development of a device for automatically sorting, grading and counting fish by a computer vision system, and the present study is one step towards the development of such a fish-friendly sorting device. The positive phototactic and rheotactic innate responses of guppies (Poecilia reticulata) were exploited to induce them to swim through transparent pipes or narrow channels, to render them ready for inspection by a computer vision system. Water flow direction and velocity, water level, and illumination were effective in inducing fish to move from one container into the other via a narrow transparent pipe. It was attempted to separate guppies moving in groups into individually spaced fish, by introducing an obstacle into a narrow channel or narrowing the transparent pipe.     

基于表型多样性构建向日葵核心种质

为鉴定评价我国向日葵（Helianthus annuus L.）种质资源在南方地区的表现,筛选构建向日葵核心种质,以422份向日葵种质为材料,在进行2年鉴定观察的基础上,采用描述性统计、相关性分析、主成分分析等方法对11个表型农艺性状进行分析评价。结果表明,原始群体的这些农艺性状具有较大的变异幅度,其变异系数（CV）为3.60%~83.32%,平均变异系数为20.93%,其中分枝株率（0%~62.5%）、单株粒重（9.70~232.35 g）、百粒重（4.60~14.92 g）、叶片数（14.40~48.38个）和株高（103.75~260.00 cm）变异幅度较大;性状间表现出显著的相关性,主成分分析表明,影响性状的4个主要成分解释了总方差的71.72%。采用QGAstation 2.0软件构建了72组核心种质候选群体,并根据均值差异百分数（MD）、方差差异百分率（VD）,极差符合率（CR）和变异系数百分率（VR）,获得组获得1组包含84份材料的最佳核心种质群体。聚类分析将84份核心资源分为5大类,与原群体相比,所选核心种质均值无显著差异,方差显著提高,能最大限度代表原始油葵种质资源保存和利用。     

Nutritive value of partially dehulled and extruded sunflower meal for post-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in sea water

This study determined the digestibility of protein in partially dehulled sunflower meal (SFM) and then, as the main goal, the nutritive value of high‐temperature extruded (≤149°C) partially dehulled SFM (SFM_EX) for post‐smolt Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in sea water. The digestibility study was conducted using the settling column approach (‘Guelph system’) for faeces collection as described by Hajen, Higgs, Beames and Dosanjh. In the nutritive value study, triplicate groups of 50 salmon (mean weight ～116 g) in 4000‐L outdoor fibreglass tanks supplied with 25–40 L min^?1, filtered, oxygenated (dissolved oxygen, 7.0–8.5 mg L^?1), 11–12°C sea water (salinity, 29–31 g L^?1), were fed twice daily to satiation one of five steam‐pelleted dry diets that contained 422 g of digestible protein (DP) kg^?1 and ～16.4 MJ of digestible energy (DE) kg^?1 on a dry weight basis for 84 days. Low‐temperature‐dried anchovy meal (LT‐AM) comprised 68.2% of the basal diet protein whereas in four test diets, SFM_EX progressively replaced up to 33.0% of the DP provided by LT‐AM in the basal diet (SFM_EX≤271 g kg^?1 of dry matter). Sunflower meal had 87.9% DP. Diet treatment did not significantly affect specific growth rate (1.39–1.45% day^?1), feed efficiency (1.19–1.26), percentage of dietary protein retained (45.8–47.5), gross energy utilization (46.5–49.4%), per cent survival (96.0–99.3) or terminal whole body and muscle proximate compositions. We conclude that SFM_EX can comprise ≥271 g kg^?1 of the dry diet or ≥22.7% of the digestible dietary protein of post‐smolt Atlantic salmon in seawater without any adverse effects on their performance.