Grass species composition,yield and quality under and outside tree crowns in a semi‐arid rangeland in south‐western Zimbabwe

Abstract

A two‐year study was conducted in lightly grazed areas of Matopos Research Station, Zimbabwe, to evaluate the impact of widely spaced trees on understorey grass composition, yield and quality. The study trees were Terminalia sericea and Acacia karroo. Ordination techniques using grass density and biomass as indices separated quadrats according to soil type but not grass species according to understorey or open areas or according to tree species. Grass yield under tree crowns was similar to open areas, in contrast with most reports where understorey areas had higher yields. The high understorey grass quality that has been reported from savanna areas exhibiting grass composition differences was not expressed. Selective grazing of palatable perennial grasses growing in association with tree crowns and their eventual replacement by low‐yielding and less‐palatable grasses that normally grow in open areas is proposed as an explanation of the unique tree‐grass interaction scenario of this study. In areas where this replacement has occurred, recovery may require management interventions.     

Diversity of non‐structural carbohydrates in grasses (Poaceae) from Brazil

Non‐structural carbohydrates (NSC) are the primary energy available for growth and dry‐mass production in forage grasses. They are also associated with tolerance to environmental stresses, including drought. Soluble carbohydrates, especially fructans of temperate forage grasses, have been extensively studied; however, little is known about NSC of tropical grasses. These plants are abundant in the Cerrado, a savanna‐like vegetation with a definite seasonality in rainfall distribution. Such an environment presents an ideal condition for the occurrence of fructans. However, the present analysis of carbohydrates in aerial parts of twenty‐four tropical grass species, mainly from the Panicoideae subfamily in the Cerrado, shows a distinctively different NSC profile when compared with temperate grasses. Free glucose and starch are common NSC found in most plant organs. However, free fructose and sucrose‐based oligosaccharides were only found in very low amounts. Sucrose was detected in higher amounts only in stems. A linear series of malto‐oligosaccharides was found in leaf blades, sheaths and stems of most of the Cerrado grasses, except for those from the Andropogoneae tribe. These results indicate a diversity of regulatory pathways of NSC metabolism in tropical forage grasses from the Cerrado.     

合肥市观赏竹种资源调查及园林应用

通过时合肥市主要公园、景点现有栽培竹林的竹种调查,以竹的生长形态、大小、观赏特性等为指标,初步摸清了合肥市竹类种类,共有21种,其中大型竹2种,中型竹10种,小型竹4种,地被竹5种。调查还发现合肥市的观赏竹种类不多,而且应用到园林中造景中的只占现有分布总种数的40％,并对其在合肥园林中应用方法和方式进行阐述。     

怀川地区蕨类园林植物资源

河南省怀川地区部分有观赏价值的蕨类园林植物资源共16科、27属、63种(含变种或变型)。主要介绍了蕨类园林植物的习性、特性及用途等。     

Regrowth Rates of Timothy and Meadow Fescue as Related to the Content of Remaining Water-soluble Carbohydrates and Non-elongated Tillers

The relationship between regrowth rates and the content of water-soluble carbohydrates in stubble (WSC) and percentage of non-elongated tillers (PNT) was studied in timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) cut at different phenological stages. Single plants were grown in pots and cut outdoors and then regrown under controlled climatic conditions. The data for the dry matter production during the following 3 weeks were fitted to an expolinear growth equation to determine an initial maximum relative regrowth rate (R _m) and a daily maximum regrowth rate (C _m). C _m appeared to be positively correlated to PNT in both species, whereas R _m was increased with increasing WSC. For regrowth after later cuts of meadow fescue there was a positive contribution to R _m by PNT.     

能源草生态风险评价体系的构建

为构建一套专门用来评估能源草生态风险等级的体系,本研究通过文献法与专家咨询法确立分布特征、扩散特征、繁殖特征、遗传特征、适应特征、危害特征和被控制特征7个方面共计33个与能源草生态风险评价相关的指标。然后通过yaahp10.1软件利用层次分析法对各指标进行权重赋值,进而构建相应的生态风险评价体系。最后选取10种已知生态风险等级的高大禾草对该体系进行检验,并依据检验结果对评价体系的生态风险等级层次进行划分。结果表明所构建的体系可以有效地辨别出不同物种的生态风险等级,并将风险等级层次划分为高危生态风险(系统评分74.5),一定生态风险(系统评分在54.5～74.5)和基本无生态风险(系统评分54.5)。     

基于VR技术的旋耕埋草机功率检测研究

为了提高旋耕埋草机的功率检测准确性和效率,实现旋耕埋草机的结构优化,将VR虚拟现实技术引入到了埋草机的功率测算过程中,并采用Lab VIEW软件设计了功率检测虚拟平台,从而实现了旋耕埋草机的功率数据采集、处理和仿真模拟。为了验证方案的可行性,以一台简单的旋耕埋草机为例,在农田里展开了试验。首先,对其作业性能进行了测试,在保证其能正常作业的情况下采用虚拟仪器对功率进行了测算,并将其和实际功率仪器上的采集功率进行了对比。结果表明:采用虚拟仪器得到的功率和实际功率相吻合。由此验证了方案的可行性,为旋耕埋草机的优化设计提供了数据支持,为农机智能检测仪器和嵌入式系统的开发提供了较有价值的参考。     

红花七叶树应用价值及繁育技术

红花七叶树树干端直,生长较快,耐旱、耐寒,花形硕大、花色鲜艳美丽,是目前关中地区优良的行道观赏及水土保持类树种。文中介绍了红花七叶树的形态特征、生长习性以及播种繁育技术,以期为林业生产提供参考。     

基于淘宝平台的观赏水草种类应用与分析

观赏水草是水族箱的重要组成部分,其消费日渐成熟。淘宝在售的观赏水草有淡水观赏水草17科22属96种(含品种),海水观赏水草10科11属13种。其中,淡水观赏水草有20种只具有观赏用途,占总种数的20.83%;76种兼具稳定水质和观赏用途,占总种数的79.17%。海水观赏水草有3种只具有观赏用途,2种兼具观赏和净化水质的用途,8种具有观赏、净化水质和饲用3种用途。淡水种类绝大部分都是外来种,仅13种在中国有分布,仅占总种数的13.54%;海水种类由于海水传播的特殊性,均为全球广布种或东太平洋种类。