Invasive and native plant responses to shrubland fuel reduction: comparing prescribed fire, mastication, and treatment season

Fuel reduction in the wildland-urban interface is a widely used international strategy for assisting human communities regarding wildfire threats, but very little research has examined whether certain fuel reduction methods and their seasonal timing promote nonnative invasion. To address this issue, we evaluated nonnative and native plant response to five of the most commonly-practiced shrubland fuel reduction methods in Mediterranean climates, including (a) fall prescribed fire, (b) winter prescribed fire, (c) spring prescribed fire, (d) fall mastication (slashing) and (e) spring mastication. Treatments were replicated four times in mature northern California chaparral and surveyed for three years after treatment; treatment type was randomly assigned. We found that the effects of treatment type (fire/mastication) were more apparent than the effects of treatment season (fall/winter/spring), but there were some differences among seasons of prescribed fire. Mastication treatments had the highest number of nonnative invasive species. Mastication treatments also had 34% higher nonnative annual grass abundance than the fire treatments. Winter and spring prescribed fire treatments were most resistant to nonnative invasion since these areas had the fewest nonnative species, lowest nonnative species abundances, and highest relative proportions of native plants. In shrublands where controlling nonnative annual grass is an important objective, managers should consider cool season prescribed fire as a viable fuel reduction treatment. In cases where prescribed fire is not feasible, mastication provides an alternative that can exacerbate nonnative grass production in the short term but may maintain native plant seedbanks over the long term if the site remains undisturbed for several decades. Results from this study could be applicable to other areas of Mediterranean shrublands.     

岷江上游观赏植物资源初步调查与评价

野生观赏植物资源是园林产业发展的基础。通过对岷江上游野生观赏植物资源历时2a的调查研究表明,该区野生观赏植物资源极其丰富,仅在此次调查中就涉及到54科174属546种,分别占该区已知雏管束植物总科、属、种数的34．8％、29．1％和27．8％,其观赏特性与园林用途多种多样,区系分布表现出极高的种群多样性。资源分布总体趋势为低海拔地区多于高海拔地区,但不同观赏特性的植物资源分布有一定的差异;某些观赏植物种群分布范围狭窄或处于濒危状态;一些植物拥有多种开发利用价值。建议在不同海拔地区针对植物资源建立一定数量的自然保护区,并深入开展资源调查研究工作,探索资源开发与经营的合理模式,保护该地区的生态系统及生物多样性,为发展园林产业和其他生物产业提供可持续的供给源泉。     

园林红叶植物新贵——红叶石楠

介绍了红叶石楠的形态特征和生物学特征、适宜种植的区域和4个常见的栽培品种,并对红叶石楠的大田育苗及管理技术、园林绿化中的观赏价值、应用和病虫害的防治等方面进行了探讨。     

控释肥对土壤有效养分利用率及菊花生长和观赏品质的影响

以切花菊品种神马为材料,研究了控释肥对菊花有效养分的利用率以及生长和观赏品质的影响,结果表明,控释肥处理生长季土壤有效养分浓度变化与菊花生长需肥规律基本一致,而普通复合肥处理土壤养分浓度早期过高,中后期偏低。同一施肥水平条件下,控释肥处理的植株比普通复合肥处理的植株高,叶片数多,叶绿素含量高,花朵鲜重和干重增加。控释肥处理的叶片氮、磷、钾含量比普通复合肥处理显著增加。说明控释肥可以提高有效养分利用率,并提高观赏品质。     

干旱胁迫对天彭牡丹生理生化和观赏特性的影响

研究干旱胁迫下天彭牡丹的生理生化响应及观赏特性变化,为天彭牡丹培育关键技术体系提供理论依据和技术支持.以盆栽天彭牡丹红丹兰为试材,采用称重控水法,设置对照、轻度胁迫、中度胁迫和量度胁迫4个水平,于破绽期、初花期、盛花期、谢花期、花后期Ⅰ、花后期Ⅱ6个时期进行各项生理生化及观赏特性指标测定.随着干旱胁迫强度的增加和时间的延长,天彭牡丹叶片脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量均呈逐渐增大的趋势且花期变长;而叶片相对含水量逐渐降低,花朵大小逐渐变小;对天彭牡丹花瓣的花色素苷含量也有显著影响(LS＞CK＞MS＞HS).天彭牡丹抗旱能力较强,各指标对中度和重度胁迫均敏感,适当的水分管理可提高天彭牡丹的观赏价值.     

四川桂花种质资源研究

对四川地区桂花种质资源进行了系统调查,共记录该地区桂花种质151份,对其现状和分布特征进行了分析,并对其相关观赏性状进行了评价。从而为四川桂花种质资源的保护和合理开发提供依据。     

山东省紫薇品种观赏价值的灰色评价

采用灰色关联度法分析评价了山东省已知紫薇品种的观赏价值。结果表明,洒金品种群和红薇品种群的品种灰关联度较大,观赏价值较高的品种有幻粉流云、芙蓉面、二八年华等,而矮生直枝粉、小花粉、红霞灰关联度最低。从灰色关联度分析结果看,花序和花径大、花色亮丽的品种观赏价值较高。     

观赏向日葵新品种“闽葵3号”的特征特性及栽培技术

介绍了观赏向日葵新品种闽葵3号的特征特性,从播种育苗、移栽定植、田间管理、病虫害防治、采收贮藏等方面总结了栽培技术。     

微笑曲线视角下观赏渔业产业升级的对策研究

借助微笑曲线分析了我国观赏渔业的产业链存在的问题,提出了观赏渔业进行产业优化升级的相应对策。     

观赏百合继代培养中芽增殖效果的研究

[目的]研究几种生长调节剂在观赏百合继代培养中对芽的增值效果。[方法]采用组织培养法,在各培养基中分别单独和组合添加不同浓度的BA或KT、GA、2,4-D和NAA,观察记录百合芽的增殖数。[结果]培养基中添加0.1、0.5和1.0 mg/L的BA或KT,对百合芽的增殖具有促进效果,其中添加0.5 mg/L BA对新中心和马可的芽的增值效果显著,42 d时分别比对照增加了290.9%和240.0%;添加0.05、0.10、0.50和1.00 mg/L的2,4-D或GA对百合芽的增殖具有促进效果;0.5 mg/L BA或KT与NAA配合使用时,效果优于BA或KT单独使用,且与0.1 mg/L NAA配合使用时效果最好;0.5 mg/L BA或KT与0.5 mg/L GA配合使用对新中心芽增殖效果最好。[结论]研究为探寻最适合观赏百合继代培养的生长调节剂配方提供了理论依据。