中国CDM林业碳汇项目的评价指标体系

就如何评价CDM林业碳汇项目确立了定性与定量相结合的生态效益、经济效益与社会效益3大类指标,同时提出了切实可行的CDM林业碳汇项目实施保障措施,以促进我国林业的发展,缓解全球气候变化。     

厌氧流化床处理含酚废水的发酵效能

采用厌氧活性炭流化床反应器处理中等浓度含酚有机废水，经过３８４天连续运行，在稳定状态下，投入的有机基质（酚和乙酸钠）被彻底降解，有９２％以上转化为甲烷，仅有４％左右同化为生物体，有机物去除率达到９４％以上，结果表明，这是一种发酵效能高，处理效果好的有机废水处理方法。     

长期地膜覆盖与施肥条件下土壤中磷素的变化

采用对比法对沈阳农业大学长期(1987～2005)地膜覆盖定位试验地棕壤中磷素的变化情况进行了研究。结果表明,经过19年的长期耕作,施有机肥或磷肥均能显著增加土壤中全磷、有机磷和速效磷的含量,但都不如有机无机肥配施;覆膜后除N4P2处理外,其余处理土壤全磷含量均大于裸地,覆膜后有机磷含量与裸地相比变化不大。地膜覆盖明显减少了速效磷的含量,增加了磷的移出量。同时表明增施有机肥是恢复和提高覆膜后土壤磷素肥力的较好措施。     

Organic Food Demand: A Focus Group Study Involving Caucasian and African-American Shoppers

A focus group study using four groups of food shoppers provides insights into consumers’ knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors regarding organic foods. Two focus groups consisted of shoppers who regularly bought organic foods and two focus groups of shoppers who predominantly purchased conventional foods. Participants in one of the conventional groups were all Caucasian; in the other they were all African-American. While familiarity with organic foods was much lower in the African-American group, its members were more receptive and positive towards organic foods. Likewise, the African-American shoppers were more accepting of price premiums for organics foods. In comparing the two organic shopper groups with the two conventional shopper groups, it was found that the former were generally more knowledgeable about organic foods. They were also more likely to follow a special diet than conventional Caucasian shoppers. However, the behavior of organic shoppers varied widely. The research supports examining social justice and access as motivations for changing policies to support organic agriculture. Lydia Zepeda is a Professor of Consumer Science at University of Wisconsin and Senior Fellow of the Center for World Affairs and the Global Economy. Her research focuses on agricultural technology adoption, farm household decision making, and consumer perceptions and behavior towards agricultural technology and food. Hui-Shung Chang is a Senior Lecturer in the School of Economics at the University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia. Her research focuses on demand analysis and agribusiness marketing. Catherine Leviten-Reid is a research assistant and graduate student in the Department of Consumer Science at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. She is interested in household behavior and sustainable community development.     

无公害农产品·绿色食品和有机食品辨析

对我国无公害农产品、绿色食品和有机食品3种类型农产品进行了详细的辨析,它们的不同点主要表现在发源背景、质量标准、生产技术体系、生产基础、认证机构、认证方法、产品标识、有无分级、产品结构和市场定位等方面.     

耕作方式对稻田土壤有机碳转化的影响

为阐明免耕土壤碳转化过程对土壤同碳的影响,设计了4种耕作方式,包括稻草还田免耕(NTS)、稻草还田常耕(CTS)、无稻草还田免耕(NT)和无稻草还田常耕(CT),在水稻生育期分层(0~5、5~12和12~20 cm)采集稻田耕层土壤样品进行测定.结果表明,在0~5 cm土层,土壤有机碳、活性碳、热水提取碳水化合物、全酚...     

南方森林土壤溶解有机碳与土壤因子的关系

采用TOC-5000A总有机碳仪测定了福建主要森林类型土壤溶解有机碳(DOC)的含量，分析了土壤溶解有机碳与土壤因子的关系。结果表明：南方酸性森林土壤中，DOC与有机碳总量、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾等养分因子之间呈极显著或显著的正相关关系，因而可以作为评价土壤肥力性状的生物学指标。土壤DOC与土壤中有机络合态铁、有机络合态铝和活性轻基铝之间呈权显著或显著的正相关。土壤中有机碳是影响土壤中铝和铁的溶出及迁移的一个重要因子。土壤DOC与pH值之间在一定的范围内呈权显著的负相关关系，因而土壤中铝的吸附、保持及溶解铝的排出受到溶液中DOC的强烈控制。土壤DOC与交换性铝之间无显著相关性。表2参14     

我国有机肥料资源、加工的现状及存在的问题

介绍了我国有机肥料的资源及常见的有机肥加工工艺的现状,指出了有机肥加工中存在的问题和应采取的相关措施。     

7种不同林农土地利用类型残体的有机碳储量

2005年12月初,对浙江省富阳市7种不同土地利用类型残体现存有机碳的储量进行了研究。研究表明:①地上部分细残体有机碳储量以杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata林最多,其次是粗放经营毛竹Phyllostachys pubescens林、马尾松Pinus massoniana林、次生林、灌木林和毛竹集约经营林,农耕地最小;并且以叶片的有机碳储量为主,其次是枝条和腐解物,草本植物茎叶和花果树皮等储量均不超过10%;几种土地利用类型下,地上部分粗残体的有机碳储量均比较小。②7种土地利用类型下,地下部分细残体有机碳的储量均很接近,且小于2 mm的细残体有机碳储量均在50%以上;毛竹林地下粗残体的有机碳储量要比其他几种类型的要高,次生林、杉木林和马尾松林和灌木林地下部分粗残体有机碳储量非常接近。③7种土地利用类型下,以毛竹粗放经营竹林和杉木林的残体有机碳储量为最大,分别达到了3.20和3.19 t.hm-2,是农耕地残体有机碳储量的3.4倍;次生林、马尾松林和集约经营的竹林残体有机碳储量为2.7~1.6 t.hm-2,也分别比农耕地残体有机碳储量高;农耕地的残体有机碳储量最低,只有0.94 t.hm-2;不同土地利用类型残体有机碳储量由高到低的顺序为:粗放经营毛竹林>杉木林>马尾松林>次生林>集约经营毛竹林>灌木林和农耕地。表6参19     

苹果籽油的超临界CO2萃取及其脂肪酸含量分析

以苹果籽为原料,应用CO2超临界流体萃取技术,采用单因素试验考察了投料量、原料破碎度、萃取压力、萃取温度、CO2流量、萃取时间等对CO2超临界流体萃取的影响,并利用气相色谱分析了苹果籽油的组成及其含量。结果表明,苹果籽油的CO2超临界流体最佳萃取条件为:投料量300 g,原料破碎度0.297 mm,萃取压力35 M Pa,萃取温度30-35℃,CO2流量25 kg/h,萃取时间2 h,在此条件下苹果籽油萃取率可达22.85%;苹果籽油中总不饱和脂肪酸相对含量为91.81%,其中油酸32.27%,亚油酸59.54%。