类球形水果表皮颜色变化校正方法研究

针对类球形水果表面较大的曲率变化会引起表面亮度不均,从而导致水果颜色分级评价中存在误差大、准确率低等问题,提出了二维B样条水果表面亮度不均校正算法。利用该算法分别对原始RGB图像各单通道图像进行亮度校正,然后将校正后的RGB图像转换成HIS颜色空间图像,提取色调H和亮度I分量,通过对比校正前后H和I分量图像像素灰度标准差评价校正效果。对160幅橙图像处理结果表明,校正后的图像在色调和亮度上比原始图像更加均匀,色调H分量和亮度I分量的平均标准差分别仅为原始图像标准差的21.57%和33.94%,色调和亮度均匀性得到了明显的改善。     

Comparative analysis of some selected macronutrients of soil in orange orchard and degraded forests in Chittagong Hill Tracts,Bangladesh

Status of organic carbon （C）, total nitrogen （N）, available potassium （K）, calcium （Ca） and phosphorus （P） in three different depths （0-5 cm, 5-15 cm and 15-30 cm） on two hill slopes of 35% and 55% in orange orchard cultivated by the Mro tribe of Chittagong Hill. Tracts （CHTs） were evaluated and compared with those in degraded bush forests, through digging three profiles in each land use. The content of all the five nutrients was found to be higher in the soil of orange orchard than in the soil of forest. But the variation was not consistent for both the slopes. The content varied depth wise also, having the highest value in surface soil in case of both the land uses on both the slopes. A mean available K content was significantly higher in orange orchard than in forest on 55% slope, while it was lower on 35% slope. Surface soil contained the nutrients of K and Ca with the amount of 0.2905-mg·g^-1 soil and 3.025-mg·g^-1 soil respectively in the orchard, while 0.1934-mg·g^-1 soil and 1.6083-mg·g^-1 soil were respectively in the forest. Organic carbon and total nitrogen were found more or less similar in surface soil on both the land uses showing a slight difference. Available P was found only in orange orchard, and in forest it was too little in amount to detect by the spectrophotometer. The degraded forests were poor in nutrient content due to high rate of soil erosion, which would be possible to be improved by bringing it under tree cover as proved by the adaptation of orange orchard there.     

桔皮总黄酮的提取条件

为了获得桔皮总黄酮的提取条件,研究乙醇质量分数、料液比、提取温度、提取时间及提取次数等因素对桔皮总黄酮提取的影响,结合正交试验设计,得到桔皮总黄酮的最佳提取条件,即:以70%乙醇为提取剂,料液比1∶20,提取温度75℃、提取4次,每次提取时间45min。在此条件下,桔皮总黄酮的提取率为3.46%(以芦丁计)。在最佳工艺条件下,试验的变异系数为1.24%,回收率为104.51%,表明试验的手段和分析方法可行,重现性好。     

New degreening treatments to improve the quality of citrus fruit combining different periods with and without ethylene exposure

In the Mediterranean area, early-season citrus fruit reach acceptable internal maturity standards for marketing, while the fruit are still green. A degreening treatment is widely used as a postharvest practice to improve the external color. Nevertheless, the application of ethylene during this treatment can be associated with calyx senescence. The aim of this study was to evaluate new degreening treatments in order to reduce this disorder. ‘Clemenules’ mandarins and ‘Navelina’ oranges, harvested at different external colors, were submitted to different degreening treatments, combining periods with and without ethylene exposure. In both cultivars, the periods without ethylene exposure during degreening reduced the incidence of calyx disorders. To obtain a typical ‘Clemenules’ variety color with the lowest incidence of calyx alteration, the optimum degreening treatment was based on 72 h with ethylene and 48 h without ethylene when fruit were harvested with a color index of between −9 and −3. On the other hand, a treatment of 24 h with ethylene plus 48 h without ethylene is recommended for fruit with an external color index higher than −2. For ‘Navelina’ oranges, highly sensitive to calyx senescence during degreening, a treatment consisting of 24 h with ethylene plus 48 h without ethylene is recommended, which involves harvesting the fruit with a color index of over 0.     

Induced mutants of Cox's Orange Pippin apple with apparent increased self-compatibility. 2. Laboratory and orchard assessment and testing

Summary Fruit set on clones of Cox's Orange Pippin apple which had been produced by gamma-irradiation, and found in a previous trial to crop when isolated from the pollen of other cultivars, was compared after open or hand-pollination. Some clones set more fruit than the unirradiated control trees when open pollinated or when hand-pollinated with pollen from the same tree or control Cox trees. Pollen from some mutant clones also improved set on standard Cox (EMLA). Estimates of the numbers of pollen tubes reaching the base of the style indicated that the increased set was due to enhanced tube growth.     

118份春性甘蓝型油菜恢复系的桔红花色位点鉴定

甘蓝型油菜桔红花色恢复系在杂交制种过程中起到指示作用,可去除杂株,因此培育出桔红花色优良恢复系是十分有必要的。本研究利用已开发的与桔红花色位点Bnpc1和Bnpc2紧密连锁的4个分子标记对118份春性甘蓝型油菜恢复系的桔红花色位点基因型进行鉴定,从中筛选出Bnpc1位点为显性,Bnpc2位点为隐性(BnPC1 BnPC1 Bnpc2 Bnpc2)或Bnpc1位点为隐性,Bnpc2位点为显性(Bnpc1 Bnpc1 BnPC2 BnPC2)的纯合黄花资源,从而可以利用这两种基因型恢复系相互杂交,选育出桔红花色优良恢复系。这为培育出桔红花色优良恢复系提供了一种简单有效的方法,同时也为花色选育提供了优良桔红花色遗传资源。     

甘蔗(Saccharum species hybrid)种质资源褐锈病和黄锈病抗性位点分子检测

开展种质资源抗锈病分子检测,对甘蔗筛选抗性资源和抗锈病育种具有重要意义。本研究利用已报道的褐锈病抗性位点Bru1和黄锈病抗性位点G1对中国甘蔗育种中的亲本资源和创新材料进行分析。在164份材料中共检测到‘粤糖07-913’、‘桂糖02-281’、‘赣南05-352’等23份带有Bru1抗性标记的材料,占参试材料的14%。在180份材料中共检测到‘粤糖96-86’、‘桂糖03-8’、‘赣南81-1035’等10份带有黄锈病抗性位点G1的材料,占参试材料的5.56%。‘粤糖96-86’、‘ROC16’、‘ROC22’等6份材料同时带有Bru1和G1位点,可能兼具褐锈病和黄锈病两种抗性。本研究结果可为选择优异抗锈病基因资源,开展杂交育种提供科学依据。     

A contribution to the study of airborne Citrus pollen in Córdoba,southern Spain

Citrus species, and especially oranges, are widely grown in Córdoba (southern Spain) both as ornamentals (Citrus aurantium) and as cash crops (Citrus sinensis). There has been little research into the incidence of orange-pollen allergy in the local population. Given the abundant presence of orange trees in Córdoba, a study was designed to determine local Citrus pollen counts at human height in areas where these trees are densely planted. Although standard aerobiological studies report negligible airborne Citrus pollen counts, the samplers used are located at greater heights and in open areas; as a result, large Citrus pollen grains are not recorded. It was found that when Hirst-type volumetric samplers were placed on the roof of a building – the recommended position for aerobiological research – airborne Citrus pollen counts were very low. By contrast, portable samplers placed at human breathing height recorded very high counts, reaching around 2000 pollen grains/m³ during the peak day. This finding suggests that greater attention should be paid to the potential negative impact on the local population, given that the sparse research has highlighted the allergenic nature of orange pollen. Citrus pollen could have an adverse local health impact in areas where orange-trees are densely planted, particularly given reported cross-reactivity with other pollen types. However, further aerobiological and clinical research into Citrus pollen is required in order to draw wholly reliable conclusions.     

基于地理信息系统的闽东南柑橘避冻分区及防冻措施研究

通过对福建省66个气象台站的纬度、海拔高度、距海岸线距离等因子与福建省东南部10年1遇极端最低气温之间进行相关和回归分析，研究地理因子对极端最低气温的影响，模拟出极端最低气温在福建省东南部的分布状态，从而确定闽东南柑橘避冻的气候分区，并进一步分析对柑橘防冻的措施；结果表明地理信息系统能很好的模拟闽东南柑橘避冻的气候分区特征，该特征为由东南向西北柑橘气候区划由最适宜种植区逐渐过渡到可能种植区，模拟结果中不存在柑橘不适宜种植区，在闽东南区内，极端最低气温与纬度基本上呈线性相关。     

在饲料中添加柑橘或甜橙外果皮对鲤鱼诱食作用的比较研究

在基础饵料中不同量（０．０５％、０．１％、０．２５％、０．５％、１％、３％）的柑橘或甜橙外果皮,用记录仪记录鲤鱼啄咬饵料球的频率和力。表明,柑橘和甜橙外果皮是２种新的鲤鱼诱食物物质,而且二者对鲤诱食作用的效果基本相同,其适宜添加量分别为０．２５％或０．１％。