不同损伤形式诱导合作杨挥发物释放差异的研究

Three treatments including mechanical damage, Lymantria dispar attacking and daubing oral secretions of the insects on mechanically damaged cut were conducted on Populus simoniixPopulus pyramibalis c.v. in order to find the genuine reason leading to effective resistance response of tree to insects attacking. The release situation of the induced volatiles of the plant was analyzed by TCT-GC/MS at 24 hours after damages. The results indicated that some of the volatiles such as (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, decanal, 3-hexenyl isovalerate, nonanal, ocimene, and 2-cyanobutane can be induced by both insects attacking and mechanical damage, while 2,6-dimethyl-1,3,5,7-octatetraene, 2-methyl-6-methylene-1,7-octadien-3-one, caryophyllene,Isovaleronitrile, diethyl-methyl-benzamide, and dicapryl phthalate were only induced by insects attacking. Such difference in volatiles was attributed to that there existed active components in oral sections of the larvae of Lymantria dispar     

黄马通淋口服液质量标准研究

选取了不同产地的药材制备出10批黄马通淋口服液的样品,进行性状、pH值,相对密度的检查,采用盐酸镁粉颜色反应定性鉴别黄马通淋口服液中的黄酮类化合物,采用TLC法对黄马通淋口服液中一枝黄花进行定性鉴别,并采用HPLC法测定毛蕊花糖苷含量。选用Agilent Zobax Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm);以乙腈-0.2%磷酸(20:80)为流动相,检测波长为330 nm,柱温为30℃,流速为每分钟1.0 mL,进样量为10 μL。10批黄马通淋口服液均为棕色至棕褐色液体,pH值在4.7～5.2,相对密度在1.05~1.11;在盐酸镁粉颜色反应中,溶液显示出橙黄色,说明制剂中含有黄酮类化合物;在薄层鉴别中一枝黄花有良好的鉴别特征;有效成分毛蕊花糖苷浓度在10.36~207.20 μg/mL时,进样浓度与峰面积之间存在良好的线性关系(r=0.9992);平均加样回收率为101.96%,RSD=1.99%。盐酸镁粉反应中颜色反应明显,易辨别。在薄层鉴别中一枝黄花有良好的鉴别特征,方法操作简便、阴性对照无干扰;毛蕊花糖苷的含量测定方法简便、准确、可靠,可用于控制黄马通淋口服液的质量。     

洋葱对草鱼细菌性烂鳃病的治疗效果试验（英文）

[Objective] The curative effect of onion on bacterial rotted gill disease in grass carp was researched[Method]The combination method of taking medicine through oral and spraying was used to cure sick grass carp for 1 period of treatment in room under artificial conditions.[Result]Different concentrations of onion generated different cure rates.When the combination was adding 1.0%-2.0% medicine into feed and spraying 2.0 g/m3-5.0 g/m3,the curative result was the best with cure rate was 70%-90%[Conclusion]The onion was effective on curing bacterial rotted gill disease in grass carp and could be taken as curative medicine.     

口服抗原疫苗预防小鼠日本血吸虫病的初步试验

为了观察口服可溶性血吸虫成虫抗原疫苗预防小鼠日本血吸虫病的效果，本试验应用生物可降解的天然高分子材料──壳聚糖作为载体[1，2]，运用单凝聚法[4]制成粒径500～1500μm的可溶性血吸虫成虫抗原微囊，胃饲ICR小鼠，经3次免疫后人工感染日本血吸虫，4周后剖杀小鼠。结果，试验组获得43．23％（P＜0．05）减虫率和41．18％（P＞0．05）减雌率。血吸虫抗原微囊体外释放试验表明，在0．01MolpH7．2PBS中微囊4h后即开始释放抗原，至第7天时抗原释放结束，累积释放抗原95．87％。     

Comparison of Two Diagnostic Methods to Detect Insulin Dysregulation in Horses Under Field Conditions

Straightforward testing procedures to enable the diagnosis of insulin dysregulation (ID) in horses that are suitable for use in daily veterinary practice are needed because of the risk that ID could result in laminitis. In our study (that included 90 horses), we compared the proportion of horses classified as ID-positive, ID-suspect, and ID–not diagnosed according to the basal insulin concentration (BIC) with the proportion of horses classified as ID-positive or ID-negative according to a practical and feasible version of an oral sugar test (OST). Furthermore, BIC, basal glucose concentration, and insulin and glucose concentration after OST were analyzed and compared. In the total study population, the OST detected significantly more ID-positive cases than the BIC, with cutoffs at equivalent specificities. Receiver operating characteristics analysis showed that at a lower cutoff, the sensitivity of the BIC could be increased, but at the cost of a significantly lower specificity. Taking this into account, we found diagnostic performance of the OST to be considerably better than the BIC and therefore considered it more recommendable for use as a screening test for ID in ambulatory practice. Furthermore, we investigated the relationship between body condition score and breed type with glucose and insulin concentration as determined after our version of the OST. For that purpose, the study group was subdivided into lean, moderate, and obese horses and “easy keeper breeds” versus “non-easy keeper breeds”. Results supported the general assumption that obese horses and “easy keeper breeds” are more prone to the development of ID.     

Evaluation of feline oral squamous cell carcinomas for p16 protein immunoreactivity and the presence of papillomaviral DNA

Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) develop commonly in cats. While the cause of the feline neoplasms is unknown, a quarter of human OSCCs are caused by papillomavirus (PV) infection. As PV DNA has been previously detected in a feline OSCC, it was hypothesised that PV infection could be a significant cause of feline OSCCs. Human OSCCs that are caused by PVs contain increased p16^CDKN2A protein (p16), which can be detected using immunohistochemistry. In cats, increased p16 immunoreactivity has been reported within PV-associated skin lesions. This study evaluated p16 immunoreactivity within 30 feline OSCCs. Additionally, PCR was used to amplify PV DNA from the OSCCs. Increased p16 immunoreactivity was present within 2 OSCCs. However, as PV DNA was not amplified from any OSCC in this study, it cannot be confirmed that the increased p16 was caused by PV infection. Therefore, these results do not support the hypothesis that PVs are a significant cause of OSCCs in cats. Loss of p16 expression is considered an important process in the development of human non-PV-induced OSCCs. In contrast, loss of p16 immunoreactivity was only present in 2 feline OSCCs. This suggests that human and feline OSCCs develop due to different molecular mechanisms.     

Preparation of silk sericin beads using LiCl/DMSO solvent and their potential as a drug carrier for oral administration

Silk sericin (SS) was fabricated into beads using LiCl/DMSO solution as a solvent. Up to 30 % (w/v) of SS could be dissolved within 3 hours, and the shape of solidified SS depends on the concentration of SS. Ethanol was the best coagulant among alcohols, making beads with suitable mechanical strength for further application. SS beads swell more at a pH above the isoelectric point (pl) than below the pl. The pH and the presence of an enzyme greatly affect the dissolution rate of SS beads. Whereas only 10 % of SS beads were dissolved at pH 2.2 in the presence of pepsin, more than 45 % of SS beads were dissolved at pH 7.4 in the presence of trypsin. The release of drug was suppressed in a stomach-like environment while promoted in an intestine-like environment.     

Pharmacokinetics of Mirtazapine and Its Main Metabolites after Single Oral Administration in Fasting/Fed Horses

Mirtazapine (MRZ) is a human antidepressant drug that is metabolized, predominantly by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, to 8-OH mirtazapine (8-OH MRZ) and dimetilmirtazapine (DMR) metabolites. In veterinary medicine, this drug is currently administered to cats and dogs with anorexia, although it could also have applications as an antidepressant, antiemetic, and analgesic agent in these species. The aim of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetics of MRZ and its metabolites DMR and 8-OH MRZ in horses. Six healthy female horses were administered MRZ (2 mg/kg) in fasting and fed states according to a balanced crossover study design. Plasma MRZ and metabolite concentrations were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography fluorescence detection method. Pharmacokinetic profiles of MRZ and DMR were similar (detected from 0.5 up to 34 and 48 hours, respectively), with an MRZ AUC_0-N/DMR AUC_0-N ratio range varying between 1.1 and 1.7. Surprisingly, 8-OH MRZ was undetected. Most of the pharmacokinetic parameters were not altered by food, with the exception of the time required to reach maximum concentration; this showed a statistical increase in subjects in the fasting state as compared with the fed state. However, because MRZ is an active substance intended for long-term administration, the slight increase of the time required to reach maximum concentration is not considered to be of any clinical consequence. In conclusion, the pharmacokinetic parameters demonstrated in this study suggest that MRZ is suitable for oral administration in the horse. However, further investigations are required to evaluate both its safety and effectiveness in this animal species.