Impact of oral immunoglobulins on animal health—A review

Immunoglobulin (Ig) is the one of the main anti‐infective components of blood, colostrum and breast milk. It is the unique glycoprotein that defends the body from harmful bacteria, viruses and other environmental pathogens by either binding to them or by forming an encapsulating barrier. The expansion of antimicrobial and immunomodulatory products from natural sources for dietary supplementation in both animals and humans is an ever growing and thriving area of research. Purified Ig from sheep serum (ovine serum Ig) is one such candidate product. Recent work has shown the various biological effects of oral Ig in different animal models including its effect on growth, immunity, intestinal growth and gut barrier function. The objective of this paper is to review the results of recent studies demonstrating the effects of oral Ig in both pathogenic and non‐pathogenic animal models and to suggest a possible mechanism of its action. Overall, purified oral Ig improves growth of healthy (and challenged) rats and defends against enteric infection by immunomodulation, mucin protein and/or modification of commensal microbial composition. The findings contribute to knowledge of how orally administered ovine Ig can influence and enhance key indicators of gut function and overall growth performance in an animal model.     

Platycodin D protects oral epithelial cells against infection of Candida albicans

AIM: To investigate the effect of platycodin D on Candida albicans infection in oral epithelial cells. METHODS: The viability of the oral squamous carcinoma KB cells was detected by MTT assay after treated with different concentrations of platycodin D. The KB cells were infected with Candida albicans, and then were incubated with platycodin D at different concentrations. Adherent numbers of the Candida albicans were counted by Gram staining, and the bacterial activity and conversion were measured by Trypan blue staining. Furthermore, the protein levels of IL-18 and human β-defensin 2 (HBD-2) were analyzed by ELISA, and the expression of HBD-2 at mRNA and protein levels was determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS: The viability of the KB cells was not affected by platycodin D at the concentrations used. The adherent numbers, bacterial activity and conversion were decreased by treatment with platycodin D in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the protein level of IL-18 in the culture supernatant and the mRNA expression of HBD-2 in the KB cells were also reduced after platycodin D treatment.CONCLUSION: Platycodin D has a bacteriostasis effect and prevents oral epithelial cells from Candida albicans infection.     

大青止泻口服液对雏鸡的亚急性毒性试验

为了确定自拟的大青止泻口服液在雏鸡体内的亚急性毒性作用,分别以大青止泻口服液的2 mL/kg、4mL/kg、6mL/kg体质量剂量给雏鸡灌胃,对照组灌等量生理盐水,连续灌胃14d,观察和测定停药后第1天和第14天各组雏鸡的临床症状、体质量、血常规、血清生化指标,并解剖观察心、肝、脾、肺、肾的变化.结果表明,给药组的以上...     

Detection of Leishmania infantum DNA by real-time PCR in canine oral and conjunctival swabs and comparison with other diagnostic techniques

The use of non invasive sampling, such as collection of conjunctival swabs, as a diagnostic tool for the detection of Leishmania DNA is of interest. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic utility of detecting Leishmania infection with the use of conjunctival swab samples in dogs living in a highly endemic area for leishmaniosis and to investigate, for the first time, the presence of Leishmania DNA in oral swabs in the same population. One hundred sixty-three dogs living outdoor and recruited in various provinces of Sicily were studied. Leishmania infantum indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to leishmanin (DTH) and real-time PCR of blood (BL), lymph node (LN), conjunctival (CS) and oral swab (OS) samples were performed. The positive PCR percentages in LN, CS, OS and BL samples were: 24.5%, 22.1%, 8.7% and 5.5%, respectively. Serological and DTH positive percentages were 27.0% and 73.8%, respectively. Seropositive and LN-PCR positive dogs had a high likelihood to be positive by CS-PCR. The similar positive PCR percentages found in CS and LN samples suggest the use of CS-PCR as non-invasive alternative technique to LN-PCR for the detection of Leishmania infection in dogs. In addition, this study demonstrated, for the first time, the presence of Leishmania DNA in oral swabs in dogs.