山地牧场黄牛同期发情技术的研究

本研究采用注射氯前列烯醇法、口服孕酮法两种处理对黄牛进行同期发情试验 ,在山地牧场半放牧半舍饲饲养管理条件下 ,采用口服孕酮 +间歇性小剂量促性腺激素同期发情处理方案 ,明显缩短了母牛配种期 ( P<0 .0 1 ) ,处理后 2 0 d内的母牛发情率达到75.0 0 % ,第一、二情期受胎率分别达到 58.0 0 %和 2 3.93% ,均高于氯前列烯醇处理组。     

Intestinal and serum antibody response in gnotobiotic piglets to oral immunization with Escherichia coli

The local and systemic immune response to a formolized E. coli oral vaccine was investigated in 13 gnotobiotic piglets. Beginning at ten days of age animals received a daily dose of 10¹⁰ or 10¹¹ bacteria, on ten consecutive days. Intestinal loop tests with one animal of each group on day 26 showed protection which was more pronounced in the animal dosed 10¹⁰ bacteria compared with the other immunized piglet. Immunoglobulin class-specific antibodies to O and K antigens were determined by ELISA technique. In serum no IgG or IgA antibodies were found, whereas IgM-anti O149 antibodies in both immunized groups reached their highest level at day 4 of dosing and decreased thereafter. IgM-anti K88 antibodies were first detected at day 10 of dosing. Both immunized groups had comparable serum levels at days 20 and 30. Also in gut secretion the IgM antibody response was predominant, and higher levels were found in the 10¹⁰ group than in the 10¹¹ group. IgG and IgA antibody response were also detected in secretion.     

用蚕表达丙型肝炎抗原制备口服药物效果的研究

用桑蚕作为生物反应器，高效表达丙型肝炎Ｃ＋Ｅ抗原蛋白，通过剂型研究，研制的口服药物ＢＨＣ，通过动物试验证明，口服ＢＨＣ药物对大鼠和小鼠连续给药４周后，经ＥＬＩＳＡ检测，９０％以上的鼠体内均产生了较强的ＨＣＶ抗体，产生了免疫应答反应。     

基于数字图书馆的大学英语口语教学模式探究

大学生的英语口语水平普遍较低已成为困扰中国英语教学改革和学生英语学习的一个重要因素。如何提高大学生的英语口语水平已经成为英语教学实践中急需解决的问题。借鉴英语口语教学理论,探讨并提出了基于数字图书馆下的新型英语口语教学模式,并对这种新型英语教学模式的具体实施方案给出了明确的说明。     

灵芝保健食品的研制

本文探讨了灵芝保健食品的制备方法，选用优质紫芝，以１０￣２０目的粉碎度，８０￣８５℃热水浸提三次，可使其有效成分提取完全，将减压浓缩后的浓缩液分别制成灵芝冲剂和口服液，省却醇沉工艺。保证了制品中的有效成分含量并降低了生产成本，同时添加β－ＣＤ，降低了制品的苦味，提高了制品的稳定性。     

The potential of oral vaccines for disease control in wildlife species

Numerous infectious diseases caused by bacteria or viruses persist in developed and developing countries due to ongoing transmission among wildlife reservoir species. Such diseases become the target of control and management programmes in cases where they represent a threat to public health (for example rabies, sylvatic plague, Lyme disease), or livestock production (for example bovine tuberculosis, brucellosis, pseudorabies), or where they threaten the survival of endangered animal populations. In the majority of cases, lethal control operations are neither economically feasible nor publicly supported as a practical means for disease management. Prophylactic vaccination has emerged over the last 15 years as an alternative control strategy for wildlife diseases, mainly driven by the success of widescale oral rabies vaccination programmes for meso-carnivores in North America and Northern Europe. Different methods have been trialled for the effective delivery of wildlife vaccines in the field, however oral vaccination remains the most widely used approach. Successful implementation of an oral wildlife vaccine is dependent on a combination of three components: an efficacious immunogen, a suitable delivery vehicle, and a species-specific bait. This review outlines the major wildlife disease problems for which oral vaccination is currently under consideration as a disease management tool, and also focuses on the technological challenges that face wildlife vaccine development. The major conclusion is that attenuated or recombinant live microbes represent the most widely-used vaccines that can be delivered by the oral route; this in turn places major emphasis on effective delivery systems (to maintain vaccine viability), and on selective baiting systems, as the keys to wildlife vaccine success. Oral vaccination is a valuable adjunct or alternative strategy to culling for the control of diseases which persist in wildlife reservoirs.     

Anti-abortion and Fertility Vaccine Potential of Defined Double Deletion (ΔaroAΔhtrA) Mutant (S30) of Salmonella Abortusequi in Equids

The present study on defined double deletion (ΔaroAΔhtrA) mutant (S30) of Salmonella enterica serovar Abortusequi evaluated it for safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy as a vaccine candidate in equids. The candidate strain was found safe in equids (foals, male and female horses and donkeys, and pregnant and nonpregnant mares) and induced good humoral and cell-mediated immunity on administration through oral route. The strain was not excreted in feces of vaccinated animals. The vaccine candidate administered orally (1 × 10¹¹ cfu per animal) protected mares even after 180 days of inoculation against abortion on challenge with wild-type S. Abortusequi strain whereas in nonvaccinated control, all mares aborted. The vaccination in infertile mares resulted in regaining of fertility in 67%–80% thoroughbred mares at two different breeding farms. Further, the humoral immunity was transferred to foals from vaccinated mothers through colostrum, but no placental transfer was evident. Thus, the vaccine under study may be recommended for use in equids to control S. Abortusequi infection–associated abortions and also to enhance fertility of temporarily infertile mares in endemic areas.     

“板黄口服液”对肉牛支原体肺炎治疗效果

[目的]为了减轻支原体肺炎对肉牛的危害,寻找最佳的治疗方案。[方法]:我们采用"板蓝口服液"对80头有严重感染的西门培尔牛分了组进行治疗试验:第一组为10头空白对照,第二组10头采用板黄口服液按0.4mL/kg体重给药,每日2次连用7d,第三组60头采用阿其霉素0.25×5支,地米10mg,生理盐水250mL,结果表明:第二组治疗有效的90%治愈率80%,第三组80%治愈率70%,第一组自愈率是70%,死亡率是20%,差异显著(p0.01)。[结论]板黄口若悬河服液对支原体引起的肺炎有良好效果。     

Dietary influences on the hydration and acid–base status of experimentally dehydrated dairy calves

The incorporation of oral rehydration solutions (ORS) into ‘milk meals’ is potentially an effective, time-saving method of treating diarrhoeic calves. Although milk-based ORS are effective in improving the hydration and acid–base status of healthy calves, this effect remains to be confirmed in dehydrated/diarrhoeic animals. In this study, six experimentally-dehydrated calves were fed with either milk replacer (MR) or an ORS prepared in either water (WORS) or MR (MORS). In one experiment, calves were not treated and blood samples were taken before and after feeding. Parameters of hydration status were determined and blood gas analysis was performed.Plasma volumes increased significantly following the intake of a ‘fluid meal’ whereas they remained constant in the absence of treatment. The rate of plasma volume expansion was reduced by the feeding of MR relative to WORS or MORS. In dehydrated calves, the expansion of plasma volume was more pronounced following the intake of WORS but the increase was less and plasma osmolality increased significantly following the ingestion of MORS. The acid–base status of animals improved as a result of fluid absorption, but this effect was less obvious as the experimental protocol resulted in severe dehydration and moderate acidosis. Feeding hypertonic MORS raised the plasma osmolality in dehydrated calves, and may increase the risk of hypernatraemia in diarrhoeic calves, which should therefore have ad libitum access to water when undergoing treatment with hypertonic ORS. Further research is planned to assess whether feeding ORS reconstituted in milk or MR combined with ad libitum access to water offers a practical treatment for diarrhoeic calves.