Evaluation of baits for oral vaccination of European wild boar piglets

The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate new baits for the oral delivery of vaccine preparations to 2–4 month-old wild boar piglets. Baits were prepared using a matrix composed of wild boar feed, wheat flour, paraffin, sacarose and cinnamon-truffle powder attractant with polyethylene capsules dipped into the matrix to introduce vaccine formulation. Physical stability studies demonstrated that baits were stable for at least three days at temperatures as high as 42 °C. Recombinant Escherichia coli expressing the membrane-displayed BM95-MSP1a fusion protein were used to test bacterial viability in the baits and the antibody response in orally immunized wild boar. The E. coli viability was not significantly affected after bait incubation at 25 and 37 °C for 96 h. Bait acceptance studies using artificial feeders in the field showed that baits were accepted by 2–3 month-old animals, the preferred age for vaccination. Orally immunized wild boar piglets excreted recombinant E. coli in the feces and developed antibody titers to recombinant BM95-MSP1a protein, thus confirming that vaccine composition was released and reached the wild boar gastrointestinal track. The results of these experiments support the use of these baits for oral delivery of vaccine formulations to 2–4 month-old wild boar piglets.     

利用植物生物反应器生产口服疫苗的进展

利用植物生物反应器生产口服疫苗已成为目前研究的热点。与传统疫苗相比,植物源性疫苗具有安全、稳定、高效和廉价等优点。植物作为生产疫苗的载体可将抗原表达于植物的可食部位(例如种子和块茎)。当植物被食用或饲喂时,植物源性疫苗可激发保护性的黏膜免疫反应。随着生物技术的不断完善,植物生物反应器将会成为疫苗生产的有效途径,并部分替代传统疫苗的生产方式。本文综述了植物源性口服疫苗的研究进展,并对可能出现的问题及解决途径进行了探讨。     

养生益寿型枣醋的工艺研究

[目的]选取枣醋为主要原料,添加甘草汁、枸杞子提取物、玫瑰花提取物和蜂蜜,以开发一种养生益寿型复合枣醋饮料。[方法]首先用单因素试验确定甘草汁、枸杞子提取物、玫瑰花提取物和蜂蜜的添加量,在此基础上以L9(34)正交试验法确定复合枣醋配方,最后用超滤膜处理。[结果]养生益寿型复合枣醋的最佳配方为蜂蜜16.0%,玫瑰花提取物0.2%,甘草浸提液2.0%,枸杞子提取物0.2%,原枣醋为81.6%。[结论]可以得到优良口感、较好色泽的健康枣醋产品。     

野生动物口服疫苗的研究概况

野生动物是大量病原体的天然宿主,野生动物疫源疫病严重威胁人类健康。本文对近年来国外野生动物口服疫苗的研究概况进行综述,以期为我国野生动物保护及野生动物疫源疫病的防治提供资料。     

积雪车前口服液对痛风模型鸡的疗效研究

依据中兽医学对痛风"清热利湿、利尿通淋、排石消肿"的辨证防治原则组拟的积雪车前口服液,为确定其临床疗程和最佳剂量,选取海兰灰蛋鸡100只(40日龄),随机分成5组,每组20只。A组为健康对照组,始终饲喂基础饲料,饮用自来水。B组～E组始终饲喂高钙高蛋白饲料制作鸡痛风模型,其中B组为模型对照组,饮用自来水;C组～E组分别为积雪车前口服液低、中、高剂量治疗组,模型制作成功后,分别在每升饮水中添加1、2、4mL积雪车前口服液,连用7d。结果表明,用药第3天时症状明显减轻,C组、E组血清尿酸含量小于480μmol/L已降到高尿酸血症水平以下,病情有所好转;E组血清黄嘌呤氧化酶活性与A组差异不显著(P>0.05);D组、E组血清肌酐含量与A组差异不显著(P>0.05),C组显著高于A组;与B组相比,C组～E组均极显著降低(P<0.01);C组、D组、E组血清磷含量与A组差异不显著(P>0.05),与B组相比,E组血清磷含量显著升高(P<0.05)。治疗第7天时,C组～E组血清尿酸含量极显著低于B组(P<0.01);E组血清黄嘌呤氧化酶活性显著低于B组(P<0.05),与A组差异不显著(P>0.05)。积雪车前口服液对鸡高尿酸血症有一定的治疗作用,综合各项指标,其中E组(积雪车前口服液,高剂量组)治疗效果最为显著。     

Down-regulation of lncRNA PCAT1 suppresses oral squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation,growth, invasion,migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition

AIM: To investigate the effects of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) PCAT1 on the oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell proliferation, growth, invasion and migration, and to explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS: The PCAT1 siRNA was transfected by Lipofectmine 2000, and RT-qPCR and Western blot were performed to determine the mRNA and protein expression of relevant genes, respectively. CCK-8 assay and colony formation assay were used to measure OSCC cell proliferation and growth, respectively. The cell invasion and migration assays were used to measure the invasive and migratory abilities of the OSCC cells, respectively. RESULTS: PCAT1 was significantly up-regulated in OSCC tissues and cells compared with normal adjacent tissues and normal human oral keratinocyte cells, respectively (P<0.05). PCAT1 siRNA transfection suppressed the expression of PCAT1 in Tca8113 and TSCCa cells (P<0.05). Knockdown of PCAT1 in Tca8133 cells and TSCCa cells significantly suppressed the cell proliferation, invasion and migration abilities (P<0.05). In addition, knockdown of PCAT1 in Tca8133 cells and TSCCa cells also suppressed the mRNA and protein levels of ZEB-1, N-cadherin and vimentin, and increased the mRNA and protein expression of E-cadherin (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Knockdown of PCAT1 suppresses cell proliferation and migration abilities, and the effect of PCAT1 on OSCC cells may be associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition.     

阿维菌素口服液体制剂在绵羊和家兔体内的药物动力学研究

本文研究了阿维菌素口服液体制剂一次给药在绵羊和家兔体内的药物动力学过程。血浆样本直接经免疫亲合柱净化处理,后用高效液相色谱法（ＨＰＬＣ ＵＶ２４５ｎｍ）测定药物浓度。实验数据经３Ｐ８７程序处理,判定该制剂在绵羊和家兔体内的动力学过程均属一级吸收二室模型,得药物动力学参数如下,绵羊Ｃｍａｘ为２１．１８ｎｇ／ｍｌ、Ｔｍａｘ为１４．０４ｈ、ＡＵＣ为１５３３．６５ｈ．ｎｇ／ｍｌ、ｔ１／２β为６９．８７ｈ。     

The prevalence of oral ulceration in Swedish horses when ridden with bit and bridle and when unridden

Oral soft tissue ulcers are common disorders of horses, but it is unclear if their prevalence is increased by riding horses with a bit and bridle. Oral examinations were performed on 113 horses and ponies, all which had received routine dental floating, that were divided into four groups depending on when they had last been ridden with a bit and bridle. The subjects comprised: group 1, a randomly selected population of ridden horses; group 2, a group of horses examined after being rested at pasture for 5 weeks; group 3, the previous group following 7 weeks of riding with a bit and bridle, and group 4, brood mares that had not been ridden for at least 11 months. Lip and intraoral soft tissue lesions were recorded at seven pre-determined locations, with lesions classified as large or small; acute or chronic.The examinations showed that horses that were currently being ridden with a bit and bridle had a significantly higher prevalence of large and acute buccal ulcers opposite the maxillary Triadan 06 teeth and of the commissures of the lips, as compared to horses that were not being currently ridden. It was concluded that using a bit and bridle can cause oral ulceration even in horses that have regular prophylactic dental floating. It is suggested that riding tack should be individually fitted for each horse and also that prophylactic dental treatments should be individually adapted for each horse.     

Oral efficacy of Vero cell attenuated porcine epidemic diarrhea virus DR13 strain

A Vero cell attenuated porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) strain, DR13, was distinguished from wild-type PEDV using restriction enzyme fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Cell attenuated DR13 was orally or intramuscularly (IM) administered to late-term pregnant sows, and mortality resulting from the highly virulent PEDV challenge was investigated in passively immunized suckling piglets of the two different groups. The mortality rate of the oral group (13%) was lower than that of the IM group (60%). In particular, the concentration of IgA against PEDV was higher in piglets of sows in the oral group, compared to the IM group. The attenuated DR13 virus remained safe, even after three backpassages in piglets. The findings of this study support the theory that the Vero cell attenuated DR13 virus may be applied as an oral vaccine for inducing specific immunity in late-term pregnant sows with a high margin of protection against PEDV infection.     

Osteomyelitis of the hyoid bones in two calves

Two calves were referred because of ptyalism and difficulty opening the mouth (Calf 1) and for elective umbilical hernia surgery under inhalation anaesthesia (Calf 2). Additional clinical signs were increased breath sounds and swelling in the region of the mandibular angle in Calf 1. Ultrasonography and endoscopy revealed oral inflammation and abscessation in the area of the base of the tongue in both calves. Infection of the hyoid apparatus was suspected based on ultrasonographic findings and confirmed by means of computed tomography. In Calf 1, there was no response to treatment with systemic antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and local lavage, and Calf 2 was not treated. Both calves were euthanized because of a poor prognosis and the diagnoses confirmed during postmortem examination. In Calf 1, the abscess was associated with complete destruction of the left epihyoid bone and partial destruction of the left stylohyoid and ceratohyoid bones. In Calf 2, the abscess was located at the distal end of the right stylohyoid bone near the epihyoid bone. Stomatitis or laryngeal and pharyngeal abscessation caused by sharp feed particles are common in cattle and infection of the hyoid apparatus should be included in the differential diagnosis.