水直播稻田千金子的生态经济阈值及其防除临界期

通过水直播稻田主要恶性杂草千金子的不同密度对水稻产量及其构成的影响和千金子生态经济阈值的研究 ,建立了千金子不同密度与水稻有效穗、每穗实粒数、千粒重、产量及其损失率间的函数关系式 ,并推导出水直播稻田千金子的生态经济阈值模型。当稻田千金子密度达到 0 73,1 5 1,3 4 7株·m-2 时 ,可分别使用 30 %扫茀特EC、 10 %千金EC和人工进行防除。以千金子为优势种 ,研究了水直播稻田播后不同除草和留草时间与水稻产量及其构成的关系。结果表明 ,随着水稻除草期缩短或留草期延长 ,水稻产量逐渐下降 ,损失率增加 ;在播后先除草后留草与先留草后除草的条件下 ,除草和留草时间与产量损失率都呈极显著非线性关系。水直播稻田千金子杂草防除临界期是播后 7～ 4 0d。     

不同栽培措施对春小麦产量及品质影响研究

针对生产上推广的强筋春小麦品种津强1号产量偏低的不良性状,设置不同密度、肥料水平试验,以期在保证津强1号品质水平的情况下,提高产量。结果表明:不同密度、追肥处理中,以每667m 240万基本苗,拔节期追施尿素15kg,抽穗扬花期追施尿素5kg的处理产量最高,达169.45kg;密度处理对品质指标无影响;各种追肥结果在品质指标中表现不一。     

酿酒葡萄区划热量指标的研究

在对目前酿酒葡萄区划热量指标进行总结和分析的基础上,通过对几种热量指标的比较和我国气候特点的分析认为,以无霜期作为我国酿酒葡萄区划的热量指标,即以无霜期≥160 d(30年平均值,且在30年中无霜期<150 d的次数不超过3次)作为我国酿酒葡萄栽培的热量最低限(区划北界)是适宜的,比其他热量指标确定的区划界限更有实际应用价值。     

赣江流域1966-2015年降水量多尺度时空变化特征分析

为研究全球气候变化影响下的赣江流域降水量时空分布特征,基于赣江流域及其周边的27个气象站1966-2015年逐日降水量数据,采用Mann-kendall、累积距平法及Morlet小波分析等方法研究了不同时间尺度降水量变化特征。结果表明:赣江流域年、汛期、夏季和秋季降水量呈不显著的增加趋势(p>0.05),而春季和冬季呈不显著的减少趋势(p>0.05);不同时间尺度降水量均具有明显的阶段性特征,且进入21世纪00年代后降水量多为枯水阶段;赣江流域降水量变化主周期多在8~10 a,20~22 a,26~30 a。赣江流域全年和春季降水量呈南少北多的分布格局,汛期和夏季降水量空间分布较均匀,无明显的空间差异,秋季降水量呈南北两端少、中部相对较多的分布格局,而冬季降水量呈由北向南递减的变化趋势。     

Sowing date influence on winter oilseed rape overwintering in Estonia

Abstract

In 2001–2005 an overwintering investigation of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) was carried out at the Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences of the Estonian University of Life Sciences. In our trial we used two winter oilseed rape varieties: ‘Wotan’ and ‘Express’. The sowing was performed at four different times, with weekly intervals: 8, 15, 22 and 29 August. The soil type was Stagnic Luvisol by WRB classification; the texture was sandy loam with a humus layer of 20–30 cm. Our research indicated that successful wintering of winter oilseed rape depends directly on sowing date. From the data obtained it may be seen that differences between sowing dates and overwintering were statistically significant. Overwintering depends on numbers of growing-degree-days (GDD) in the autumn vegetative period. Three years’ data showed that in the autumn period plants need 416 GDD for developing a strong root system and to prepare for wintering.     

Promotive and inhibitory effects of rice straw and cellulose application on rice plant growth in pot and field experiments

Abstract

Quantitative characterization of crusts is necessary to evaluate the crusting susceptibility of soils, to reveal the soil properties affecting soil crust development and, thus, to predict the occurrence of crusting. For the quantification of the morphological characteristics of soil surface crusts, the authors applied an image analyzing method to quantify the state of pores, in terms of apparent porosity, using vertical thin sections of the surface crust formed under simulated rainfall.     

不同生境果园梨小食心虫各代成虫高峰期差异

梨小食心虫Grapholita molesta (Busck)是桃、梨果园中最重要的食心害虫之一,仅依据往年的发生期和田间为害特征来指导防治具有滞后性。而性信息素具有高效、专一性强的特点,可用于准确监测其成虫发生情况,以此推测成虫的卵高峰期和幼虫初孵期,科学地指导防治。本研究在3个不同生境果园中,利用性信息素监测梨小食心虫成虫周年发生动态。结果表明:2019年在杭州余杭地区3个不同生境果园,包括越冬代在内,平地桃园和平地梨园的梨小食心虫成虫发生7代,而坡地桃园只有6代。成虫始见于3月中旬,终见于10月下旬;3个果园由于生境不同,同一世代梨小食心虫高峰期发生时间和各世代高峰期间隔时间不尽相同。因此在不同生境果园利用性信息素监测梨小食心虫成虫发生动态,有助于指导果园的适期防治。     

Seed potato quality as influenced by high temperatures during the growth period. 2. Sprouting pattern in several cultivars in response to storage temperature

Summary Locally grown seed tubers of nine varieties developing in spring or in autumn in a semi-arid region were examined for length of dormancy and for sprouting response. In spring, high temperatures during the last part of tuber development markedly shortened the dormant periods of tubers in comparison with tubers of the same varieties developing in autumn. The sprouting behaviour of tubers indicated that it is a varietal characteristic influenced by the change in environmental conditions during tuber development and storage. On tubers developing in spring and stored at high temperatures, three sprouting patterns were defined: a) apical dominance, characterized by the evident development of the apical sprout and less than 10% sprouting of the non-apical buds; b) apical influence, the apical sprout well developed and 10–20% sprouting of the non-apical buds; and c) simultaneous sprouting of 3 or 4 sprouts of similar size per tuber. It is suggested that apical dominance is a relative rather than an absolute phenomenon. The extent of dominance depends upon the variety's response to the high temperatures during tuber growth and storage. Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization, Beit Dagan, Israel, 1979 Series, No 301.     

辽宁省春玉米田杂草的生态经济防治阈期研究

在沈阳、庄河两地的田间试验,建立了玉米田苗后有草天数或无草天数与产量损失率间的函数关系模型,明确了辽宁省春玉米田杂草的生态经济防治阈期为玉米出苗后18～65 d.在此期间内保持田间杂草少于经济防治阈值,既可确保杂草造成的减产率低于3%,又能充分发挥杂草在生态系统中的积极作用.     

Seed potato quality as influenced by high temperatures during the growth period. 1. Effect of storage temperature on sprout growth

Summary In the Negev area of Israel potatoes are grown in two seasons of the year: spring and autumn. Locally grown seed of cv. Up-to-Date prepared for the autumn season are grown in the spring under high-temperature conditions during the last part of the growth period. The response to storage temperature treatments consisted of different degrees of sprouting. Temperatures that encouraged bud development (12–22°C) shortened the dormant period of the tubers by about a month, and usually there is clear apical dominance. However, increasing length of the apical bud was positively correlated with storage temperature. Partial loss of apical dominance was obtained when the tubers were held at a low temperature (4°C) for at least two months after lifting. After transfer of the tubers to high temperatures for another month, there were 3 or 4 sprouts per tuber. The physiological age of seed tubers developing in the semi-arid region is discussed. Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization, Beit Dagan, Israel 1979 Series, No 300.