新月菱形藻的光生物反应器半连续培养

利用平板式光生物反应器对新月菱形藻进行半连续培养,探讨更新率、更新周期对新月菱形藻生长、细胞采收量、生化成分及细胞生物量产率的影响.结果显示,随更新率的增大,新月菱形藻的生长速率增大,藻液中氮磷的平均含量上升,而平均细胞密度及产率呈下降趋势;总采收量与更新率呈抛物线关系,细胞生物量、胞内多糖和蛋白的最大采收量分别收获于33%、25.2% 和34.7%的更新率下,其最大值分别为2.11×1012 cell、3623 mg 和2347 mg.更新周期的延长导致新月菱形藻平均生长速率减小,藻液中氮磷的平均含量下降,而采收的平均细胞密度与产率增大,胞内代谢物蛋白质和多糖的含量增加;总细胞采收量随着更新周期的延长减小,当更新周期为1 d时采收量最大,为3.12×1012 cell.综合考虑,更新率为33%、更新周期为1 d,是收获生物量的最佳条件.     

Spatial association between northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) and potential prey distribution during the wintering period in the northern Sea of Japan

Elucidating the response of marine predators to oceanographic features helps in understanding their foraging strategies and the cause of their spatial overlap and interference with fishery activities. Northern fur seal is a highly pelagic species during the wintering period. In recent years, fur seals have consistently been found distributed near the coast of southwest Hokkaido, Japan. Because interference by fur seals with coastal fishery activities has become a serious concern, an understanding is sought as to why fur seals come ashore in this area. We conducted ship‐based observations and estimated fur seal density. To elucidate the spatial and seasonal association of fur seal distribution and ocean environments, we constructed statistical models to describe how potential prey distribution and oceanographic features influenced the fur seal spatial distribution during the wintering period. Fur seal distribution corresponded markedly to potential prey distribution, and they tended to aggregate along the narrow continental shelf that is the main geographic feature of this area, which is 2000 m deep and approximately 10 km from the coast. Walleye pollock [Gadus chαlcogrαmmα (Theragra chαlcogrαmmα)] and arabesque greenling (Pleurogrammus azonus), which are one of the main prey for fur seals, move to the shallow area to spawn on the continental shelf seasonally, so potential prey abundance could be higher in coastal areas than offshore. Moreover, the absence of a mesopelagic biotic community may be one of the main factors in the coastal distribution of the fur seal.     

酵母及藻类对褶皱臂尾轮虫培养效果的比较研究

采用种群累积培养法研究了两种酵母、两种藻类对褶皱臂尾轮虫的最适投喂密度。结果表明 ,这四种饵料对褶皱臂尾轮虫的最适投喂密度 (× 10 6cell·ml-1)分别是 :干酵母 ,15 ;鲜酵母 ,5 ;微绿球藻 ,4 5 ;三角褐指藻 ,2 0。同时 ,在最适密度下比较了这四种饵料对轮虫的培养效果。结果表明 ,四种饵料对轮虫的培养效果以微绿球藻为最优 ,其它依次为三角褐指藻 ,鲜酵母 ,干酵母。实验结果显示 ,褶皱臂尾轮虫批量培养及至工厂化培养的首选饵料是微绿球藻和三角褐指藻     

Weed competition in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) in the Jordan Valley

A field experiment was carried out in 1996/1997 and repeated in 1997/1998 at the Jordan University Research Station located in the central Jordan Valley to determine the effect of weed competition on growth and yield of cauliflower Brassica oleracea var. botrytis cv. “White Cloud”. The treatments consisted of either allowing weeds to infest the crop or maintaining plots weed-free for increasing durations after transplanting. Results showed that longer periods of weed/cauliflower competition greatly reduced crop growth and head yield. Average reductions in shoot dry weight and head yield were 81% and 89%, respectively. Maintaining a weed-free crop for any period after transplanting increased cauliflower growth and head yield compared with the weed-infested control. Weed competition for 14 days after transplanting reduced cauliflower average head yield by 41%. To determine the critical period of weed competition and the influence of weed infestation on cauliflower head yield the Gompertz and logistic equations were fitted to data representing increasing duration of weed-free and weed-infested periods, respectively. Based upon an arbitrary 5% level of head yield loss, the critical period of weed competition occurred at 0–38 days after cauliflower transplanting which corresponded with the rapid increase in weed biomass. Results indicated that early weed removal is necessary to prevent yield loss.     

Effect of set-size and storage temperature on bolting,bulbing and seed yield in two onion cultivars

The effects of three set-sizes (12.5, 17.5 and 22.5 mm in diameter) and seven storage temperatures (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 °C) on bolting, bulbing and seed yield in two onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivars ‘Hygro’ and ‘Delta’ were investigated. The incidence of bolting increased linearly with set-size and curvi-linearly with decreasing storage temperature. Time to inflorescence emergence and floret opening showed a curvi-linear response to storage temperature with the earliest inflorescence emergence and floret opening occurring at 5 °C and the latest at 30 °C for ‘Hygro’ and at 25 °C for ‘Delta’. Seed yield per umbel also showed a curvi-linear response to storage temperature with the lowest seed yield occurring at 30 °C for ‘Hygro’ and at 25 °C for ‘Delta’ and the highest seed yield at 5 °C. For a seed crop, storage of large sets (22.5 mm) of these cultivars at 5 °C for 120 days appeared to be optimum with 5–12% higher seed yield per umbel than that of 90 days storage. Bulb yield showed a curvi-linear response to storage temperature with the highest bulb yield occurring at 25 °C and the lowest at 5 °C.     

Reproductive biology of the commercial sea cucumber <Emphasis Type="Italic">Holothuria spinifera</Emphasis> (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from Tuticorin,Tamil Nadu,India

The annual reproductive cycle of the commercial sea cucumber Holothuria spinifera was studied in Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India, from September 2000 to October 2001, by macroscopic and microscopic examination of gonad tubule, gonad index and histology of gametogenic stages, to determine the spawning pattern. The gonad consists of long tubules with uniform development. It does not confirm the progressive tubule recruitment model described for other holothurians. The maximum percentage of mature animals, gonad and fecundity indices, tubule length and diameter, with the observations on gonad histology, ascertained that H. spinifera had the peak gametogenic activity during September and October 2001 followed by a prolonged spawning period from November 2000–March 2001.     

艾氟迪（AFD）在棉花上施用时期的研究

通过用艾氟迪（AFD）600ml/hm2在棉花的初花期和盛花期喷施棉株中部的主茎、分枝和叶背,分析其对棉花生长发育和品质的影响,以研究鄱阳湖棉区中等肥力条件下AFD的施用时期。试验结果表明：在棉花的初花期和盛花期喷施艾氟迪（AFD）600ml/hm2均能有效协调棉花营养生长与生殖生长的关系,能够促进花芽分化、减少赘芽,增加单株果节数、促使棉花成铃集中并能改善棉花纤维品质,但略使衣分降低。     

S无刺卡因菠萝果实发育期间香气物质的变化

采用顶空固相微萃取技术和气质联用仪测定不同发育期卡因菠萝果实的香气成分,以了解果实发育期间香气物质的变化.结果表明,无刺卡因果实在成熟的4个阶段共有香气成分69种,主要为酯类和烯类,其中己酸甲酯、辛酸甲酯、正己酸乙酯等成分是卡因菠萝的主要香气成分.卡因菠萝不同发育时期果实香气物质的种类和相对含量均有明显差异.     

不同生育时期干旱胁迫对水稻产量与碾米品质的影响

以粳稻品种农大3号为材料,利用盆栽的方式人工控制土壤水分(水势),研究了不同生育时期干旱胁迫对水稻产量及碾米品质的影响。各时期干旱均导致产量下降,其敏感程度依次为：孕穗中期（抽穗前11~20 d）>孕穗后期（抽穗前1~10 d）>分蘖中期（移栽后11~20 d）>孕穗前期（抽穗前21~30 d）>分蘖初期（移栽后1~10 d）>分蘖后期（移栽后21~30 d）>乳熟期（抽穗后31~40 d）>抽穗开花期（抽穗后1~10 d）>灌浆期（抽穗后21~30 d）>蜡熟期（抽穗后41~50 d）。抽穗前干旱胁迫的敏感时期主要是孕穗中期、孕穗后期和分蘖中期。抽穗后,抽穗到乳熟期均较蜡熟期对干旱敏感,但对土壤水分变化较抽穗前迟钝。抽穗前干旱胁迫对糙米率和精米率影响最大的时期为孕穗中期,其次为孕穗后期。灌浆期到蜡熟期干旱胁迫,糙米率和精米率明显下降,抽穗后11~40 d干旱胁迫对整精米率的影响最大,其次为抽穗前1~20 d,其他时期干旱虽对整精米率有一定影响,但影响较小。     

6种千斤拔不同生育期的营养价值分析

测定了腺毛千斤拔、宽叶千斤拔、海南千斤拔、球穗千斤拔、大叶千斤拔Ⅰ、大叶千斤拔Ⅱ的粗蛋白质（CP）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、粗脂肪（EE）、粗灰分（Ash）含量,以探讨其养分含量随生育期的变化动态。结果表明,各种养分含量随生育期的推移而变化,其变化趋势因千斤拔种类而异,但峰值多出现在开花期和结荚期。6种叶片的CP平均含量为18.55％,ADF为38.66％,NDF为47.10％,EE为3.75％,Ash为5.35％。总体来看,千斤拔叶片具有较高的营养价值,其营养价值的高低和生长发育有关。