图书排架方法的继承与创新：兼与蒋鸿标、王旭艳商榷

在分析蒋鸿标的“细分粗排”和王旭艳的“细分细排”图书排架方法的基础上,针对开架图书借阅乱架问题,提出了“两号分离”法,并介绍了“两号分离”法的原理、优点、可行性和使用“两号分离”法需注意的问题。     

高校实验室在申请实验室国家认可过程存在的问题与对策

探讨了我国高校实验室在申请实验室国家认可过程中存在的一些问题,并针对主要问题提出了相应的对策。主要从加强实验室的硬件建设、制度建设、方法标准化建设;加强实验室人员的培训和沟通等几个角度进行了分析,将为高校实验室能顺利通过实验室国家认可、提高实验室知名度和完善分析测试制度等提供一些借鉴。     

Ecology of the earthworm Allolobophora carpathica in field and laboratory studies

Allolobophora carpathica is an earthworm species found in the Eastern Carpathian mountain region, but little information is available on its ecology. Field sampling in beech woodland of the Bieszczady National Park, SE Poland, found this species in soils with a pH of less than 5.0 and C:N ratios of 12 to 13. From sampling over 2 years, at 4 sites with differing sub-vegetation, a mean density of A. carpathica of 6.75 individuals m^-2 with a biomass of 8.65 g.m^-2 was recorded. The largest mature adults were in excess of 14.0 g but there were significant differences (p < 0.01) between sampling sites. Seasonal patterns of abundance were observed.To obtain more data on the growth and breeding biology of this species, specimens were collected from the field, taken to laboratories and maintained in mesocosms under controlled environmental conditions. Cocoon production was 0.88 cocoons per earthworm per month at 15^oC, but under fluctuating temperature conditions (16 - 24^oC) no cocoon production occurred. The mean cocoon biomass was 83 mg  (n = 104) and incubation took 178 days at 15^oC (n = 14), although hatchability was low (22%) under these conditions. Growth from the hatchling stage, (mean mass 86 mg; n = 18), to maturity (c. 8.5 g) took 8 - 12 months at 12^oC.     

不同药剂处理毛竹的室内耐腐性

选择ACQ、铜唑、CCA、有机酸四类13种防腐剂对毛竹材进行处理,研究竹材的室内耐腐性能.结果表明:随着吸药量的增加,药剂对腐朽菌的抑制效力明显增加.ACQ防腐剂中,综合抗菌性能依次为ACQ-B、ACQ-D,ACQ-C对白腐菌的毒性最差,失重率约6%;铜唑类防腐剂对白腐菌的抗菌性最好的是CuAz-1,最差的是CuAz-2;对褐腐菌的抗菌性相差不大.通过对比,ACQ和铜唑类防腐剂的抗菌性与CCA相当,明显优于有机酸类防腐剂.     

Can soil moisture deficit be used to forecast when soils are at high risk of damage owing to grazing animals?

A potentially significant cause of damage to grassland soils is compaction of unsaturated soil and poaching of saturated or nearly saturated soil by animal hooves. Damage is caused when an applied stress is in excess of the bearing strength of the soil and results in a loss of soil structure, macroporosity and air or water conductivity. Severely damaged soils can cause reduced grassland productivity and make grazing management very difficult for the farmer. The actual amount of soil damage that can occur during grazing is dependent on the grass cover which acts as a protecting layer, the soil water content and the characteristics of the grazing animal (weight and hoof size). Assuming that the farmer is knowledgeable about the characteristics of the grazing animal and grass cover, it would be very useful for short‐term operational farm planning to be able to predict when soil water contents were likely to be in a critical range with respect to potential hoof damage. In this study soil moisture deficits (SMDs) which can be derived from meteorological forecasts are evaluated for predicting when soil water conditions are likely to lead to hoof damage. Two contrasting Irish grassland soils were analysed using a Hounsfield servo‐mechanical vertical testing machine to simulate static (285.4 N) and dynamic (571 N) hoof loads on the soil over a range of estimated SMDs (0, 5, 10 and 20 mm). The deficits were analysed with respect to the soil volumetric water content, compression (displacement) and change in dry bulk density. The SMDs imposed in the laboratory were similar to those under field conditions and thus the methods used in this study are applicable elsewhere. The change in dry bulk density following loading (0.2–0.7 g/cm³) was linearly related to SMD (R² ranged from 0.90 to 0.99), leading to the conclusion that a forecast of SMD can be used to predict when grassland soils are likely to be at risk of damage from grazing.     

高校实验室安全及规范操作慕课建设思路

我国《教育信息化十年发展规划(2011-2020年)》提出推进信息技术与高等教育的深度融合,目前部分高校已开始采用慕课形式开展实验室安全及规范操作教育.在分析慕课优势以及当前高校实验室安全及规范操作慕课建设不足的基础上,提出了慕课建设应以教师结合学生的需求为核心,并对课程的内容和评价体系给出了思路.     

浅论虚拟实验室在单片机理论教学中的优势

单片机课程的知识点多、实践性强。根据单片机课程和单片机仿真软件的特点,提出了利用虚拟实验室完成单片机课程学习的实践环节,阐明了虚拟实验室的构建方法及其在单片机课程学习中的优势。     

人参叶片光合作用日变化的研究

人参叶片光合作用的日变化,主要受冠层上部光照的影响,在遮荫棚下,呈单峰曲线型变化。气孔开闭、气孔导度和蒸腾作用一日中的变化与光合作用的日变化基本吻合。清晨至上午10时前,所测叶片净光合速率较高。这时,环境中CO_2浓度较高,湿度较大,温度适宜。同时,叶片内可溶性糖含量也较低。光合作用的加强可能是这些内、外因子综合作用的结果。透光率较大的荫棚下人参叶片一日中的光合速率也较高。     

通用电工实验台的设计与试制

主要叙述了所研制的一种通用电工实验台的设计与试制,该实验台采用双重保护线路,安全可靠,仪表布置合理,显示直观,操作简便,可完成电路、电机和电器控制等多项电工类实验教学,经专家和实际实验实习检验,表明其电器及安全性能良好,使用方便,具有一定的推广应用价值。