Survey of Vitamin B<Subscript>6</Subscript> Content in Commercial Presentations of Table Olives

For nutritional purposes, a survey of the vitamin B₆ levels from a variety of commercial presentations of table olives was carried out, taking into account the three main processing types (Spanish-style, directly brined, and ripe olives). The analysis was performed by HPLC, following the official French method for vitamin B₆ determination in foodstuffs. In-house validation data for two commercial table olives showed that the method precision was good (coefficient of variation <6%) and recovery was quantitative (104% on average). There was a wide range of values for vitamin B₆ in table olives (0–69.3 μg/100 g edible portion). The highest mean content was found in directly brined olives (33.9 μg/100 g edible portion) followed by Spanish-style (14.4 μg/100 g) and ripe olives (4.3 μg/100 g). On average, samples of the Gordal and Carrasqueña cultivars showed the highest vitamin B₆ content in the case of Spanish-style olives, but in directly brined olives as well as in ripe olives the effect of cultivar was not statistically significant (p?相似文献   

蚯蚓蛋白水解酶对大豆蛋白的分解作用

通过琼脂糖蛋白平板及水解度测定两种方法从定性、定量两个方面研究了蚯蚓蛋白水解酶对大豆蛋白的分解作用．同时测定并比较了蚯蚓豆粕反应物的氨基酸含量。结果表明．蚯蚓蛋白水解酶对大豆蛋白具有一定的酶解活性．其水解度达2．75％。利用蚯蚓处理豆粕,反应物中多种氨基酸含量均有不同程度增加,氨基酸总量与豆粕相比上升了27．83％,而且各种必需氨基酸的比例也更趋合理。因此,利用蚯蚓蛋白水解酶对大豆蛋白的分解作用可以有效地改善豆粕饲料的品质．     

以15N研究烤烟对饼肥和秸秆肥中氮素的吸收与分配

应用^15N稳定性同位素示踪技术,研究了^15N-菜籽饼肥和^15N-秸秆肥与无机肥不同配比和不同施肥方法等不同处理中烤烟对饼肥和秸秆肥中氮素的吸收利用效果。结果表明：（1）烤烟各器官来自肥料的氮（NDFF％）随着饼肥和秸秆肥施用量的增加而增加,且有顶权〉上部叶〉中部叶〉下部叶〉茎〉根的趋势;（2）烤烟对饼肥中氮素利用率显著高于秸秆肥,饼肥组合中在下部叶成熟时达到高峰,以后稍有降低,且以25％饼肥＋75％硝铵全基施利用率最高,达到40．07％。秸秆肥组合中以25％秸秆肥＋75％全基施利用率最高,且各处理烟株整个生育期利用率持续上升,不利于上部烟叶落黄成熟;（3）秸秆肥处理的回收率较饼肥处理的普遍要高,都在90％左右,土壤残留率高,不利于前期烟草的生长。饼肥处理中以25％饼肥＋75％硝铵全基施的回收率较高,达到81．80％;（4）土壤“AN”值以25％饼肥＋75％硝铵基追各半和25％秸秆肥＋75％硝铵基追各半最高,说明土壤有机肥施用量不宜偏高,一般以保持中等施肥水平较好。     

椰麸组分蛋白的氨基酸组成、结构与乳化性分析

为提高椰子加工副产物的利用,本研究从椰麸中依次提取4种组分蛋白,包括清蛋白、球蛋白、谷蛋白-1和谷蛋白-2.分析这4种组分蛋白的氨基酸组成,并利用SDS-PAGE技术分析其亚基组成和分子量.同时分析其表面疏水性,并研究不同离子强度对椰麸各组分蛋白的乳化性和乳化稳定性的影响.结果表明,椰麸蛋白质中清单白、球蛋白、谷蛋白-...     

油橄榄饼饲粮对肉仔鸡生长和一些生理指标的影响

本试验用油橄榄饼在等蛋白等能量基础上替代饲粮中部分玉米饲喂肉仔鸡。选用1日龄AA肉仔鸡300只,按公母、体重平分为三组(即对照,5％油橄榄饼,10％油橄榄粕饼)。检测其对鸡生长和一些生理生化指标的影响。从肉仔鸡各生长阶段和全期来看,日增重和饲料增重比三个组之问差异不显著(P>0.05);各组的红细胞比容及数量,白细胞数量及分类,血浆蛋白等生理生化常值均在正常范围内。尽管两组试验鸡血浆葡萄糖高于对照组,但葡萄糖和胰岛素含量也在正常范围内变动;饲喂油橄榄饼的两组鸡血浆IgG水平高于对照组。试验结果表明,用油橄榄饼替代饲粮中的部分玉米饲喂肉仔鸡不影响生长和健康,饲喂是可行的。     

油茶饼粕提取条件优化及其在火龙果贮藏保鲜中的应用

为了充分利用油茶资源,以油茶饼粕为试材,通过提取剂筛选和均匀试验设计等优化提取条件,采前1 d喷施粗提液,观察其对火龙果采后贮藏品质的影响。研究表明：油茶饼粕最佳提取条件为是1 g饼粕15 mL 85%甲醇料液比在75 ℃下超声波辅助提取2 h,提取2次。采前喷施粗提液可显著提高火龙果采收时果皮色泽b ^*和果实抗坏血酸含量（P<0.05）,显著降低果皮硬度、果肉黏度、TSS（总可溶性固形物）及还原糖含量（P<0.05）;采前喷施粗提液显著延缓贮藏期间火龙果果肉黏度的急剧增加（P<0.05）,维持果皮亮度L ^*、b ^*、果肉硬度、TSS及抗坏血酸含量,从而延缓霉烂指数的升高,维持火龙果的品质。     

脱毒蓖麻饼在鲤鱼饲料中的应用

以鲤鱼鱼种为试验对象,在饲料中分别加入0%、10%、20%、30%、40%的脱毒蓖麻饼,并用豆饼来调整各试验组饲料的蛋白质总量,经40天饲养,结果表明:添加20%脱毒蓖麻饼的饲料可以促进鲤鱼生长。     

芝麻饼肥对烤烟根系生长发育的影响

以烤烟品种 K32 6为材料 ,在盆栽条件下研究了不同配比的芝麻饼肥对烤烟根系生长发育的影响。结果表明 ,腐熟饼肥配比的提高有利于增强根系活力 ,相应的提高了根中的烟碱含量 ;烟碱含量和根系活力在后期亦较高 ,根的总重也相应提高 ;同时 ,根冠比更协调。单施化肥 ,不利于根冠比的协调 ,根系活力微弱 ,但对后期烟碱的合成有一定的促进作用。各处理中以 T2 (饼肥用量占 2 0 % )为宜     

Control of Fusarium wilt of carnation using organic amendments combined with soil solarization,and report of associated Fusarium species in southern Spain

Fusarium wilt is a disease that restricts carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) yield worldwide. Efficacies in reducing the Fusarium wilt of carnation (FWC), of various types of organic amendments (fresh or pelletized poultry manure, pelletized Brassica carinata and olive residue compost) combined with soil solarization, were compared in two biennial field trials conducted in a greenhouse with a history of carnation monoculture over 8 years. Soil treatments combining organic amendments and soil solarization significantly reduced disease incidence (86–99%) and increased the number of commercial carnation stems by 5–9 times compared to non-treated plots. Twenty-one Fusarium spp. isolates, with different colony morphologies were recovered from soil samples taken in the greenhouse, before the application of treatments in June 2013. Nineteen of them were morphological and molecularly characterized. Additionally, two pathogenicity tests with 17 isolates recovered from greenhouse soils and two isolates recovered from organic amendments were performed. Fusarium species associated with carnation cultivation were identified as Fusarium oxysporum (43%), Fusarium proliferatum (24%), and Fusarium solani (33%). The phylogenetic analysis of the translation elongation factor 1 alpha (EF-1α) region distinguished highly aggressive isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. dianthi, from low aggressive isolates. The pathogenicity tests showed that FWC has a complex etiology, with several Fusarium spp. identified as causal agents. F. proliferatum and F. solani are associated with carnation wilt for the first time in Spain.     

Inflorescence architecture of olive

The influence of flower position on the inflorescence on opening day, gender, and petal persistence was studied in three olive cultivars: Manzanillo, Mission, and Frantoio. In each cultivar, 45 inflorescences were checked every morning from flower opening to petal fall. Perfect flowers opened mainly in the beginning of the flower opening period, and staminate flowers opened later. Flower position on the inflorescence had a highly significant effect on the opening day in all cultivars. Terminal flowers and the flowers located on the primary branches opened earlier than the flowers located on the secondary branches. Flower position had also a highly significant effect on gender in Manzanillo and Mission. In Manzanillo, the secondary branches had fewer perfect flowers than the primary branches. In Mission, the secondary branches had no perfect flowers at all. Among the primary branches, the branch arising immediately next to the terminal flower had the latest flowers to open and the lowest percent of perfect flowers. In Manzanillo, perfect flowers had significantly longer petal persistence than staminate flowers. To study flower competition within the inflorescence, the distal half of 120 inflorescences, on which the flowers tend to be perfect, in three trees of Manzanillo were removed about 1 month before full bloom. There was a highly significant effect on the percent of perfect flowers that opened on the proximal half. Flower competition may be a reason for pistil abortion in flowers located on secondary branches.