Yield modelling in a Mediterranean species utilizing cause–effect relationships between temperature forcing and biological processes

Crop yield forecasting has progressed clearly in the past years, mainly due to the growing demand for modelling. In the present research, considering the Mediterranean vocation for the olive cultivation, olive yield forecasting modelling was analysed, to understand the principal relationships between olive tree production and climate features in a large southern Italy area. The simulation of olive yield has practical application in different price formation activities: in management of cropping systems, formation of stocks, commercialization, making of agricultural policies and zoning. Both meteorological and biological variables were considered, pollen indexes were constructed from daily pollen concentrations evaluated by use of aerobiological methodology. The monitored pollen quantities should be considered as a Proxy variable of the olive orchards located around the volumetric pollen traps, even if the final harvest could be highly dependent on local summer meteorological conditions. The model carried out by use of Panel data analysis has demonstrated a great interpretative capacity, considering contemporary meteorological and biological variables (pollen monitored with volumetric traps). The aggregation of historical data (1999–2008) with cross-section data (10 different pollen monitoring stations) permitted to investigate the variability information related to temporal and geographical dimensions. The entire volume of pollen grains emitted during flowering was redundant to investigate the future fruit formation while the specific and concentrated mass of pollen grains during the days before full flowering was related positively with the final production. The statistical technique utilized permitted to obtain interpretative results common to different geographical areas and not limited by local meteorological conditions.     

降解茶粕高效纤维素酶的菌株的筛选

摘要：从土壤、垃圾以及腐烂的树叶中通过刚果红培养基、羧甲基纤维素培养基等培养基初筛出L-1、L-3、L-4、L-5、L-6、L-2六株菌株。然后用这六株菌种对以油茶饼粕为主要营养成分的固态培养基进行单菌发酵。通过比较固态发酵时菌种的内切酶酶活得出L-1、L-3、L-4三种菌株可做为高效降解茶粕纤维素的备选菌株,比较三种菌株的外切酶酶活、内切酶酶活、总酶活的显著性分析得知,L-3菌株是产降解茶粕高效纤维素酶的最佳菌株,经鉴定该种菌株属于青霉属。     

Detection and Analysis of Squalene in Oil from Olive Fruits of Different Varieties and of Different Degrees of Maturity

[Objective] This study aimed to identify the difference in squalene content among different olive varieties and the law of squalene content change in the same olive variety of different degrees of maturity, with the objective to provide technical support for the harvest and processing of olive fruits. [Method] Taking 13 introduced olive varieties including three varieties of eight different grades of maturity, fat acid w3s first extracted by Soxhlet extraction and then squalene was quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） method. [Result] The results showed that squalene content was the highest in CG-32, and the lowest in Leccino among the 13 olive varieties. And squalene content increased with the degree of maturity in the three olive varieties including CG-32, Frantoio and Ascolana Tenera. [Conclusion] A more simple and rapid method for the determina- tion of squatene content was established.     

超高效液相色谱串联飞行时间质谱法检测黑水虻产品中黄曲霉毒素B1

本研究建立了黑水虻产品中黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)的超高效液相色谱串联四级杆飞行时间质谱测定方法,对黑水虻幼虫粉中AFB1的提取、超高效液相色谱串联质谱检测条件进行了优化。使用甲醇-水溶液(8:2,体积比),添加7%氯化钠对黑水虻幼虫粉中AFB1进行提取,免疫亲和柱净化,甲醇-乙酸铵(10 mmol/L)水溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾离子源(ESI)正离子模式检测,7.0 min出峰。结果表明:AFB1在1~20μg/kg浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数大于0.999,幼虫粉回收率为83.1%~118.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为6%~10%;虫粪回收率为76.6%~114.1%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0~3%;检出限(LOD,S/N≥3)为0.01μg/kg,定量限(LOQ,S/N≥10)为0.05μg/kg。该方法操作简单、结果准确,可以用于黑水虻幼虫粉和虫粪产品中AFB1的检测。     

大豆粕代替鱼粉饲喂蛋鸡试验

试验选择230日龄的罗斯褐壳蛋鸡228只,进行无鱼粉日粮配方试验。结果表明:用大豆粕代替鱼粉饲喂蛋鸡是完全可行的。试验组和对照组相比,其产蛋率、蛋壳品质以及饲料转化等均无显著差异,而经济效益试验组却高于对照组。     

糯玉米淀粉低糖红枣糕的制备及质构特性研究

以红枣为原料,添加糯玉米淀粉等辅料制备低糖红枣糕,选取淀粉种类、蜂蜜添加量、淀粉添加量和熬煮时间四因素,分析其对红枣糕质构特性及感官品质的影响,采用三因素二次回归正交旋转组合设计,以硬度和咀嚼度为评价指标对低糖红枣糕工艺参数进行优化。结果表明,添加晋鲜糯2号糯玉米淀粉制得的红枣糕品质较好,其最佳工艺为：淀粉添加量9.8%,蜂蜜添加量29%,熬煮时间21 min,该条件下制得的产品品质与市售红枣糕相当,同时含糖量明显降低,克服了低糖红枣糕不易切割、成型困难的问题,说明糯玉米淀粉具有作为增稠剂和稳定剂的综合特性。     

艾草南瓜保健蛋糕工艺的研究

目的]研究优化艾草南瓜保健蛋糕的制作工艺.[方法]以艾草、南瓜、面粉、鸡蛋为原料,采用单因素试验和L9(34)正交试验,探讨面粉与艾草用量、南瓜泥添加量、鸡蛋添加量、白砂糖添加量对艾草南瓜保健蛋糕品质的影响.[结果]试验表明,制作艾草南瓜保健蛋糕的最佳工艺参数为:面粉+艾草用量为(30+ 10)g,南瓜泥添加量为50 g,鸡蛋添加量为300 g,白砂糖添加量为30 g.[结论]研究可为艾草南瓜保健蛋糕的生产提供一定的理论依据.     

芝麻饼肥不同施用量对豫西烤烟生长发育及产质量的影响

[目的]筛选出最适合豫西烟叶生产需求的芝麻饼肥施用量,为提高烟叶产质量提供理论依据。[方法]通过田间对比试验研究芝麻饼肥不同施用量对烤烟生长发育及产质量的影响。[结果]施用芝麻饼肥可提高烟叶产量、质量及上中等烟叶比例,改善烟叶的内在品质。在芝麻饼肥不同施用量中,复混肥375 kg/hm~2配施芝麻饼肥375 kg/hm~2的施用量对提高烤烟产质量效果最佳。[结论]复混肥375 kg/hm~2配施芝麻饼肥375 kg/hm~2的施用量适合在豫西烟区推广使用。     

正交设计法优选亚麻籽饼粕中亚麻木酚素的提取工艺

通过对亚麻籽饼粕中开环异落叶松树脂酚二葡萄糖苷的提取工艺进行正交试验,并结合TLC结果,确定了提取溶剂为0.1 mol KOH溶于1 L70%乙醇,料液比为1:8,提取5 h。然后利用大孔吸附树脂与TLC相结合的方法,探讨了亚麻籽中SDG的分离纯化,并根据HPLC分析结果确定了最佳的分离纯化工艺条件。结果表明:KOH-乙醇-水提取与大孔吸附树脂相结合制备SDG提取物的方法与传统分离方法相比,得率高、工艺操作简单且安全无毒。