四斑小毛瓢虫生物学特性初探

本文观察了四斑小毛瓢虫Scymnus frontalis各虫态的形态特征和生活习性,比较了其在不同温度下的发育历期,取食桃蚜Myzus persicae、大豆蚜Aphis glycines、麦长管蚜Macrosiphum avenae和刺槐蚜A.robiniae对其捕食量和幼虫发育历期的影响。在182、02、32、62、9℃条件下,四斑小毛瓢虫卵到成虫的发育时间分别为32.91、27.18、22.23、17.25、14.93d。四斑小毛瓢虫幼虫对桃蚜、大豆蚜、麦长管蚜、刺槐蚜的捕食量分别为82.97、64.70、58.57、76.11头;相应发育历期分别为9.80、10.901、0.86、9.86d。在26℃、RH70%的条件下,用桃蚜饲养四斑小毛瓢虫效果最好,成虫获得率达88%。四斑小毛瓢虫的卵期、幼虫期、蛹期及产卵前期的发育起点温度和有效积温分别为12.875、.45、11.72、14.41℃和40.94、210.915、8.54、54.42日度。     

斜纹夜蛾生物学特性及防治技术研究进展

为了搞好斜纹夜蛾综合防治工作,进行了害虫的生物学特性调查,同时进行了影响防治效果的因素调查与高防治效果、低防治成本的配方筛选试验。调查发现,斜纹夜蛾在盐城地区一年发生6代,以4～6代为害严重,药剂防治中以辛硫磷、高效氯氰菊脂、毒死蜱较为敏感。虫态中以蛹期抗药性最差,幼虫阶段以1到3龄抗药性较差。筛选出2个用于防治斜纹夜蛾的低防治成本、高防治效果复配药剂配方。对人畜短安全间隔期(6d)配方:4.5%的高效氯氰菊脂、50%的辛硫磷、增效剂和水的体积比为1∶1∶1∶4000。对人畜长安全间隔期(12d)配方:40%的毒死蜱、50%的辛硫磷、增效剂和水的体积比为1∶1∶1∶4000。种复配农药的实验室室内试验、室外棉田小区防治试验的校正防治效果可达:93.9%～96.8%。     

常用杀虫剂对螺旋粉虱与六斑月瓢虫生物活性及选择毒力

为明确常用杀虫剂对螺旋粉虱和六斑月瓢虫的选择毒力,提高螺旋粉虱的防治水平,采用浸渍法和药膜法测定了3种常用杀虫剂对螺旋粉虱及六斑月瓢虫的生物活性。结果表明,供试3种杀虫剂均对螺旋粉虱表现出一定的生物活性,其中在对螺旋粉虱成虫的活性中以高氯苯油毒力最高,其LC50值为4.1482 mg/L,对3龄若虫的毒力测定中,辛硫磷活性最高,其LC50值为6.7367 mg/L。对六斑月瓢虫的安全性评价结果表明,辛硫磷表现出较高的选择毒力,其对螺旋粉虱成虫和3龄若虫对天敌六斑月瓢虫成虫的选择性指数分别为12.1869和15.1077。在螺旋粉虱成虫和3龄幼虫盛发期可分别选用高氯苯油和辛硫磷作为防控药剂,但在天敌六斑月瓢虫数量较多时,可选择辛硫磷,以协调螺旋粉虱的化学防治和生物防治。     

斜纹夜蛾化学不育研究初报

选用塞替派注射液做雄性不育剂,氟脲嘧啶注射液作雌性不育剂;采用成虫饲喂法致不育;利用2种不育剂单独饲喂或混合饲喂,然后合笼配合交配的办法;以校正不育卵率作为评价指标,进行了2种不育剂对斜纹夜蛾的不育作用研究。结果表明:在室内条件下0.01%塞替派饲喂雄蛾,0.02%塞替派饲喂雄蛾,0.01%塞替派、0.025%氟脲嘧啶分别饲喂雄雌蛾,及0.01%塞替派和0.025%氟脲嘧啶混合饲喂雌雄蛾,平均校正不育卵率均在96%以上;0.025%氟脲嘧啶饲喂雌蛾平均校正不育卵率为86.59%;雌蛾第一次能否与不育雄蛾交配,是影响雄性不育效果的关键因素;0.01%塞替派饲喂雄蛾交配竞争力略低于正常雄蛾。     

Thieves,bats and fruit flies: local ecological knowledge on the weaver ant Oecophylla longinoda in relation to three ‘invisible’ intruders in orchards in Guinea

We held interviews with 100 mango and cashew growers in Guinea, West Africa. Fewer than 20 questions dealing with the tree-inhabiting weaver ant Oecophylla longinoda were developed, based on local context and related research conducted on farmers' knowledge in other countries. More than half of the growers reported that ants protect their orchard from thieves. Apart from deterring snakes, about 46% of the growers mentioned that weaver ants reduce damage by fruit-eating bats; some reported that bats do dislike the smell of weaver ants. Whereas the relationship between ants and humans or conspicuous fruit bats is well understood, a quantitative appreciation of the effect of Oecophylla on small insect pests, such as fruit flies, is more complex. Despite the fact that 57% of the growers reported that Oecophylla had a positive effect on mango fruit quality, many classified Oecophylla as a pest due to its nuisance during harvest, and they requested the plant protection staff to help them with pesticides. Strategies to strengthen local ecological knowledge are discussed.     

The dimpling bug,Campylomma austrina Malipatil (Hemiptera: Miridae): the damage and its relationship with ants in mango orchards in the Northern Territory of Australia

The dimpling bug, Campylomma austrina Malipatil, has been recognised since 2002 as a serious mango pest in the Northern Territory, Australia. To fully understand the damage the bug causes and its relationship with ants, field experiments were conducted in five mango orchards in the Darwin area from 2001 to 2003 along with laboratory rearing trials. The latter revealed that the dimpling bug sucked sap mainly from the ovary of the flowers. As the ovary ripened, each puncture resulted in a black pimple on the skin of the marble-sized fruit (<5 mm in diameter). All of the most heavily damaged marble-sized fruits (>10 pimples/fruitlet) dropped from the trees. A field survey and field experiments showed that marble-sized fruit damage levels on trees bearing abundant weaver ants, Oecophylla smaragdina Fabricius, were similar to those protected by chemical insecticides, however both suffered less damage than trees bearing fewer or no weaver ants or black ants, Iridomyrmex sp. We propose that the weaver ant is an efficient bio-control agent of the dimpling bug, and to limit the bug damage, high levels of weaver ant populations are required in mango orchards.     

鸭腔上囊胚胎及胚后发育期凋亡相关蛋白的免疫组化分析

研究天府肉鸭腔上囊胚胎及胚后发育期Bcl-2、Bax、Fas、FasL蛋白的表达。将20只天府肉鸭分为4组,即24天胚龄(E24),胚后3、8、29周龄(P3、P8、P29),采用免疫组化技术。结果显示,Bcl-2、Bax、Fas、FasL在各组滤泡淋巴细胞中均有表达,FasL还表达于滤泡间上皮。滤泡皮质和髓质淋巴细胞Bcl-2阳性率呈递减的变化趋势(髓质P3～8除外);皮质和髓质淋巴细胞Bax阳性率在E24～P8恒定,P29上升;皮质和髓质淋巴细胞Bcl-2/Bax值呈下降趋势,但皮质在P3～8恒定,髓质在P3～8上升;滤泡皮质和髓质淋巴细胞Fas阳性率在E24～P3上升,P3～8下降,P8～29上升;皮质和髓质淋巴细胞FasL阳性率变化规律与Fas相似,但皮质在P3～8恒定。滤泡皮质淋巴细胞Bcl-2阳性率及Bcl-2/Bax值在E24～P8明显高于髓质,在P29则显著低于髓质;皮质淋巴细胞Bax阳性率在E24～P8与髓质无显著差异,在P29则明显高于髓质;皮质淋巴细胞Fas和FasL阳性率在E24～P8明显低于髓质,在P29则显著高于髓质。结果提示,Bcl-2、Bax、Fas、FasL是鸭腔上囊胚胎及胚...     

水稻品种贮藏期对谷蠹抗性的研究

本研究测定了42份水稻品种在贮藏期间对谷蠹的抗性,结果得出具有抗级的稻种共有15份,中抗品种共有16份.抗性机制研究结果分析表明:谷粒的裂颖率与敏感度系数、稻谷受害损失率关系密切.呈极显著的正相关.而抗性与谷粒化学成份中的粗蛋白、总淀粉、支链淀粉、直链淀粉的含量和糊化温度皆无明显的相关关系.     

大灰食蚜蝇发育起点温度和有效积温的研究

 在恒温条件下用甘蓝蚜饲养大灰食蚜蝇,得到其各虫态的发育历期,用直线回归法求得各虫态的发育起点温度和有效积温,卵、1龄幼虫、2龄幼虫、3龄幼虫和蛹的发育起点温度分别为9.69 ℃,12.39 ℃,6.97 ℃,2.03 ℃和2.35 ℃,对应的有效积温分别为30.17 d·℃,27.85 d·℃,30.98 d·℃,78.55 d·℃和149.54 d·℃.     

江淮地区斜纹夜蛾对杀虫剂的抗药性测定

采用点滴法测定了江淮地区斜纹夜蛾对杀虫剂的抗性。结果表明,斜纹夜蛾对高效氯氰菊酯杀虫剂的抗性倍数最高,为42倍,达到高抗水平;对三唑磷和硫丹杀虫剂的抗性水平处于低水平抗性阶段,抗性倍数最高仅为7.5和8.8倍。