桤木人工林细根与土壤养分含量季节动态变化

对桤木人工林细根、土壤养分含量的季节变化及其两者之间的关系进行了研究.结果表明:(1)桤木细根中大量元素N、Ca、K、Mg、P含量冬季高,春季最低;微量元素Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、Pb、Ni、Cd含量冬季最低,春夏季较高.(2)土壤各层中大量元素N、Ca、K、Mg、P含量冬季最低,夏季最高;微量元素Mn、Zn含量在冬季最低,秋季最高;Fe、Ni、Pb、Cu、Cd含量在冬季最高,春秋较低.(3)细根和土壤中大量元素含量在冬季存在负相关关系,微量元素Fe、Ni、Cd含量在一年四季均存在显著负相关关系,Mn、Cu含量在春季、夏季和秋季存在负相关关系,Zn、Pb含量在春季、夏季和秋季存在正相关关系.     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定黄连中金属元素的含量

[目的]利用原子吸收光谱法测定黄连中金属元素的含量。[方法]使用HNO3～HClO4体系消解样品,并采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定6种不同来源的黄连中的Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu和Zn等5种金属元素的含量。[结果]黄连中含有丰富的金属元素,其中Mg的含量最高,Fe、Mn和Zn含量相差不大,Cu的含量最低;加标回收率在100.10%～107.24%,相对标准偏差在0.19%～3.69%(n=6)。[结论]该方法快速、简便、灵敏,结果准确可靠,可用于黄连的质量控制及资源开发。     

白鹃梅可食部分营养成分分析

[目的]分析测定白鹃梅的主要营养成分。[方法]对山野菜白鹃梅的花蕾、嫩叶（带嫩茎）和花等不同可食部位的维生素C、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、粗纤维、粗脂肪、硝酸盐的含量进行了分析测定。【结果】白鹃梅维生素c、粗脂肪和粗纤维含量高于常见野菜香椿、荠莱和马齿苋,分别为0．77、50．00、19．03g／kg,可溶性糖含量较低,为27．27g／kg,可溶性蛋白含量适中,为30．63g／kg,其中,白鹃梅花蕾和嫩叶（带嫩茎）的营养成分略高于花。白鹃梅的花蕾、花和嫩叶（带嫩茎）中硝态氮的含量分别为0．0790、0．1086、0．1122g／kg,属1级无公害蔬菜,可放心食用[结论]白鹃梅营养成分丰富,是一种极具开发利用价值的木本观食两用植物。     

Comparative Study of Nutrient Deficiencies on Growth and Photochemistry of Tobacco

Abstract

Element deficiencies, such as molybdenum (Mo), iron (Fe), calcium (Ca), lead to disturbances of morphological and physiological processes of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). On exposure to nutrient solution without Mo, leaf morphology was significantly affected, whereas photosynthetic processes conserved their normal activities. The decreased Mo, Fe, and Ca concentrations in tobacco were associated with loss of pigments and photosynthetic disturbances. In Ca‐deficient plants a reduction in the rate constant of energy trapping by PSII centers and a physical dissociation of LHC from PSII core, were observed. The poisonous action of Fe and Ca deficiencies focused mainly in the decreased proportion of active chlorophyll associated with the reaction center (RC) of PSII (decreased F _v /F ₀) and in the declined total number of electrons that have gone through the RCs (decreased Area/F _m  ? F ₀). In parallel, the non‐photochemical quenching coefficient was significantly enhanced in Fe and Ca‐deficient plants, but remained unchanged in Mo‐deficient plants. It is obvious that nutrient deficiency may trigger some protective mechanisms in order to PSII could maintain its activity under that type of stress.     

阔叶红松林的生物量和营养元素含量的研究

一、研究内容和方法我们于1985—1987年对小兴安岭阔叶红松林的生物量进行了研究。生物量的测定是在凉水自然保护区的阔叶红松林内进行的。林龄220年,组成8红2椴,林分平均高23.1m,平均直径37.4cm。其中红松平均高27.2m,平均直径45.2cm,密度622株/ha,针     

常见菌材主要营养成分及内含物质的分析

为筛选适宜食用菌栽培的速生、优质菌材,以在黔北地区收集到的刺槐、肉桂、水青冈、山白树等13个科17个属共17种菌材木段为试材,测定各菌材样品中的碳素成分含量、矿质元素含量和其他内含物成分。经检测、分析得知：17种菌材纤维素含量为35%~53%,半纤维素含量为15%~29%,木质素含量为18%~30%,钾、钙、磷、镁、铜、锰、锌含量分别为602~3270、1080~7590、14~304、153~905、0.83~3.31、1.71~106.00、2.00~15 .00 mg/kg,pH值为4.24~6.72,果胶含量为5.78~12.40 g/kg,总黄酮含量为93.6~4262.8 mg/kg,单宁含量为0.01%~9.16%。木质纤维素及矿质元素有利于食用菌的生长发育,单宁、果胶、总黄酮和不适宜的pH值则抑制食用菌的生长。综合分析表明,枫香树、肉桂、山毛榉、枳椇树、苦郎树和水青冈比较适合作菌材,而马桑树、梨树和刺槐不适合用来栽培食用菌。     

Simultaneous resistance to two or more broad-spectrum anthelmintics by gastrointestinal nematode parasites of sheep and goats

The detection, by means of faecal egg count reduction tests and larval cultures, of two cases of multiple anthelmintic resistance in goats and two in sheep, is reported. The former cases appeared to involve resistance to all three broad-spectrum drench groups (benzimidazole, levamisole, ivermectin) by mainly Ostertugia spp., the latter resistance to two of them (benzimidazole, levamisole) bv Trichostrondus spp. (New Zealand Veterinary Journal 38, 114–117, 1990)     

油松人工林养分循环的研究 Ⅱ.油松人工林养分元素的动态特性

本文以华北中山地区的油松人工林分作为研究对象,在林分各组分营养元素含量静态分布研究的基础上,对林分养分元素的动态特性进行了分析讨论,结果表明:(1)在一年中林木枝、叶、磷、钾、镁的含量因季节而异,其变化规律与林木的生长节律有关;(2)针叶凋落的年动态及其养分含量的变化,在一定程度上也受林木生长节律影响;(3)林地枯落物平均年干重损失率为14％,与其它林种相比,该立地上的油松林分林地枯落物分解较慢。     

Geographical and botanical variation in concentrations of copper,molybdenum, sulphur and iron in sheep pasture plants in Norway

Abstract

To obtain a better knowledge basis for the correct supply of Cu to sheep in Norway, a systematic, countrywide investigation of element composition of pasture plants was conducted, with emphasis on natural pastures. Samples of pasture grass, herbs, willow shrub leaves and bilberry (N = 575) from 142 locations were analysed for Cu, Mo, S and Fe. A large geographical variation was observed for Mo concentration and Cu:Mo ratio, a somewhat smaller variation for Fe, while Cu and S concentrations showed limited geographical variation. The Mo variation led to a Cu:Mo ratio <2 in 2% of the samples and >20 in 62% of samples, confirming that the trace element composition of Norwegian sheep pastures may represent a risk of Cu deficiency as well as Cu overload, depending on location. A considerable botanical variation was also observed, in particular for Cu and Mo.     

Nutrient Accumulation in Faba Bean Varieties

Increasing the amount of nutrients in plant-based foods will help to improve the nutritional status of people in the World. Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) as a staple food in developing countries has the potential to provide many nutrients in human diets. The objective of this study was to characterize the nutrient concentrations in leaf, pod, and seed of faba bean varieties. A field study was conducted with six faba bean varieties. Variation in the elemental concentrations of nutrients and protein occurred among varieties and different parts of the plants. The highest concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, or copper and protein were in the seeds. However, the highest accumulation of calcium, magnesium, iron, or manganese was in the leaves. We recommend that faba bean can be considered as a valuable crop in the diet of nutrient-deficient consumers due to high concentration nutrients in edible parts of the plant.